Blood Incorporation Research Articles

Incorporation of Blood and Fluid Management Within an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol in Complex Spine Surgery.

retrospective review. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multidisciplinary set of evidence-based interventions to reduce morbidity and accelerate postoperative recovery. Complex spine surgery carries high risks of perioperative blood loss, blood transfusion, and suboptimal fluid states. This study evaluates the efficacy of a perioperative fluid and blood management component comprised of a restrictive transfusion policy, goal directed fluid management, number of tranexamic acid (TXA) utilization, and autologous blood transfusion within our ERAS protocol for complex spine surgery. A retrospective review compared patients undergoing elective complex spine surgery prior to and following implementation of an ERAS protocol with intraoperative blood and fluid management. Outcomes included incidence of blood transfusion, estimated blood loss, intraoperative crystalloids administered, frequency of intraoperative TXA utilized, incidence of patients extubated within the operating room (OR), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital length of stay. Following implementation, the rate of blood transfusion decreased by 11.7%(P = .017) and average crystalloid infusion was reduced 680 mL per case(P < .001). Intraoperative blood loss decreased on average 342 mL per case(P = .001) and TXA use increased significantly by 25%(P < .001). Postoperative ICU admissions declined by 8.5%(P = .071); extubation within the OR increased by 13.3%(P = .005). This protocol presents a unique perspective with the inclusion of an interdisciplinary and comprehensive blood and fluid management protocol as an integral part of our ERAS pathway for complex spine surgery. These results indicate that a standardized approach is associated with reduced rates of blood transfusion and optimized fluid states which was correlated with decreased postoperative ICU admissions.

Assessment of quality attributes of porcine blood and liver hydrolysates incorporated pork loaves stored under aerobic and modified atmospheric packaging.

Lipid oxidation and microbial proliferations were studied in pork loaves prepared with incorporation of blood and liver protein hydrolysates stored in aerobic and MAP packaging for 28 and 42days at 4 ± 1ºC. In in-vitro trials selected levels i.e. blood hydrolysate (T1 and T3-600mg/g), and liver hydrolysate (T2 and T4-600mg/g), control without hydrolysate (C1-00 and C2-00mg/g) w/w of emulsion, were added into pork loaves and packaged under aerobic (C1, T1 and T2) and MAP (C2, T3 and T4) condition. Physico-chemicals as pH, water activity, titratable acidity, lipid-oxidations, color profile, textural indices, microbial qualities and sensorial properties were analyzed. Significant (p < 0.05) lower lipid oxidation, microbial proliferations and decrease in sensory attributes were seen for tested groups and MAP than aerobic packaging. It can be concluded that pork loaves containing porcine blood and liver hydrolysates can be successfully stored upto 28thdays in aerobically packed and 42days in MAP condition at refrigerated storage with acceptable physico-chemical, oxidative stability, microbiological and sensory quality. Whereas, pork loves prepared with blood hydrolysate (T3-600mg/g), packaged under MAP condition were superior for all studied attributes than other groups. Blood and liver hydrolysate might be used as an alternative to synthetic preservative for meat preservation.

Physicochemical and sensory qualities of pork sausage incorporated with blood

A study was conducted to find out the effect incorporating whole blood the on physicochemical and sensory qualities of the pork sausage. Four formulations were prepared with 10, 15 and 20% incorporation of whole blood and compared with the control sample which was prepared with 55% lean pork, 10% lard, 5% diced pork fat, 10% rice flour, 2.5% skim milk powder, 4% spice mix, 1.5% salt, 5% ice, 4% soya and 3% egg. The ingredients were blended and stuffed into natural goat casings and cooked in hot water at 82°C for 30 min. Emulsion stability, pH value, TBA, water holding capacities and water activities were found to be increased with increase in blood incorporation level (P<0.01) whereas cooking loss showed a lower trend with incorporation of blood. Moisture, protein and ash contents of the sausages showed significantly increasing trend (P<0.01) but fat percent showed a significantly decreasing trend with incorporation of blood. Sensory evaluation revealed that product with 10% blood was highly preferred by the panelists.

Suppression of nematode populations with animal by-products

The incorporation of blood, fish and meat wastes into the soil was effective in reducing the populations of plant-parasitic nematodes and improved pigeon pea ( Cajunus cajan L.) plant growth. Lower dosages (1 and 5% (w/w)) gave the best responses and the highest dose (10% (w/w)) showed phytotoxic effects. There was a correlation between reduced nematode populations and increased plant growth. Blood waste amendment to soil was the most effective nematode suppressant, followed by meant and fish wastes.

Overlay technique for direct detection and identification of haemolytic Listeria on selective plating medium

An overlay technique is proposed for the identification and counting of haemolytic Listeria colonies directly on selective plating media. The technique was applied to different Listeria-selective plating media. In pure culture studies with collection strains, the overlay technique was more efficient and reliable for detection haemolytic Listeria species compared with the incorporation of blood into the agar. The efficacy of the overlay technique for the direct detection of haemolytic colonies of Listeria from raw milk samples was related to agar selectivity. The best results were obtained with Listeria-selective agar medium modified (LSAMM). Catalase assay, together with reactions for aesculin and tellurite, were useful and reliable criteria for the identification of Listeria. All colonies on LSAMM which were positive for catalase, tellurite and aesculin while those displaying typical haemolysis corresponded in most cases to L. monocytogenes.