The demand for cement is constantly growing; however, the industry is facing many challenges due to the excessive extraction of raw material, water demand, and CO2 emissions. To mitigate these challenges, cement can be partially substituted by recycled materials such as waste glass with pozzolanic properties. This substitution allows for the production of Portland cement (PC)-based materials that are more ecologically friendly and deliver similar or better performance than those containing only PC. In this context, the present paper provides an exhaustive review and analysis of the properties of fresh and hardened cement-based materials incorporating waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material. Substituting cement with waste glass produces PC-based materials with contrasting properties in the fresh state; however, waste glass improves both mechanical properties and durability. Despite the advantages of waste glass as a partial replacement for cement, research on the mechanical properties and durability at long term ages, as well as life cycle analysis, is essential.