Incontinence In Elderly Research Articles

Research progress in coping style assessment tools for elderly patients with urinary incontinence.

Coping style is a cognitive or behavioral strategy taken by individuals in the face of stress. Positive coping style is of great significance for improving the physical and mental outcomes of elderly patients with urinary incontinence. Accurate assessment of coping styles for the elderly patients with urinary incontinence can provide reference for the subsequent development of intervention measures. The existing coping style assessment tools for elderly incontinence at home and abroad include specific scale of incontinence, relevant psychological assessment scale, and universal scale. In a word, the progress in the studies on relevant assessment tools is slow, and it mainly focuses on the assessment of female population. The assessment content is relatively single and lacks of pertinence and systematization. In the future, a comprehensive scale with strong adaptability should be developed based on the characteristics of elderly incontinence patients in China.

Urinary Incontinence in Elderly From a View of a Pharmacist: Detrusor Impairment and Treatment

Urinary Incontinence in Elderly From a View of a Pharmacist: Detrusor Impairment and Treatment

Frontal Lobe Function Correlates withOne-Year Incidence of Urinary Incontinence in Elderly with Alzheimer Disease.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although previous works highlight the association between frontal lobe-related function and UI, causal relationship is unclear. To clarify the longitudinal association between frontal lobe function and the incidence of UI at 1 year in patients with AD. The subjects were 215 continent AD patients who attended the Memory Clinic of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology of Japan during the period from March 2011 to December 2014. The absence or presence of UI was operationally assigned by the dementia behavior disturbance scale subscale, which was completed by the patients' caregivers. Frontal lobe function was assessed using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Other confounding factors including demographic data, cognitive status, vitality, mood, physical performance, and use of medication (cholinesterase inhibitors, calcium channel blockers [CCBs], diuretics, alpha blockers and anticholinergic drugs) were assessed. During 1-year follow up (mean: 377.4±83.7 days), the incidence of UI was 12.1% (n = 26). Patients with UI had significantly lower FAB performance at baseline (no UI versus UI = 9.3±2.8 versus 7.8±2.7). In multivariate analysis, stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FAB (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-0.94) and the use of CCB (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.09-6.77) were significantly associated with UI at 1 year. The results of study indicate that frontal lobe dysfunction is predictor for UI in patients with AD.

Effect of saffron ethanol on incontinence-associated dermatitis in elderly

Objective To investigate the effects of saffron ethanol on elderly incontinence-associated dermatitis.Methods Sixty-four elderly patients with incontinence-associated dermatitis were divided into the control group and observation group by the order of the disease founded ,with single number as the observation group while double number as the control group （ 32 patients in each group ） .With conventional cleaning , patients in the control group were applied with ostomy powder after disinfection with the use of 0.5%iodophor, while patients in the observation group were applied with saffron ethanol .Curative effect , healing time and recurrence rate of dermatitis were compared between the two groups .Results In the control group , ten patients were healed;sixteen patients were effective; six patients had no effect .In the observation group , twenty-two patients were healed; ten patients were effective; zero patient had no effect , and the treatment effect was significantly different between two groups （Z=-2.412, P〈0.05）.Ten patients （31.25%） in the control group had recurrent dermatitis and no patient in the observation group had recurrent dermatitis , and the difference was significant （χ2 =9.357, P〈0.05）.The healing time was （5.5 ±1.5） days in the control group and （2.5 ±1.0） days in the observation group （t=-73.482, P〈0.05）.Conclusions Saffron ethanol can not only improve the curative effect and shorten the healing time of the elderly incontinence -associated dermatitis, but also has a good effect on prevention of dermatitis relapse . Key words: Incontinence-associated dermatitis Incontinence Saffron ethanol Skin care

Urinary Incontinence Incidence: Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Factors that Explain Variation

We sought to explain variation in female age specific incidence rates for urinary incontinence using published, population based studies. We performed an extensive MEDLINE® review of published, population based studies of the female urinary incontinence incidence rate from 1966 to 2011 using a combination of symptom and epidemiological search terms. A total of 18 reports described 17 unique incidence studies. We abstracted the features of each study (eg sample size, followup, etc) along with detailed data on 109 age specific incidence rates (ie new cases per 1,000 person-years). Because the Nurses' Health Study had unique demographics and was dominant in sample size, analyses were completed with and without this study. Weighted (ie square root of sample size) linear regression was used to determine factors (ie age, source population, race, frequency score, etc) explaining variance among age specific incidence rates. Age and case definition accounted for 60% of the variation in incidence rates among studies. The age specific incidence was less than 2/1,000 person-years before age 40 years and it increased thereafter. For a given age group incidence rates varied as much as sixfold across studies, a finding that was largely explained by variation in case definition. The case definition accounts for substantial variation in urinary incontinence incidence estimates. Developing standards for reporting would provide a foundation for policy guidance and understanding etiology. We recommend that quantitative frequency criteria (eg 2 times or more per month) be reported vs vague thresholds (eg sometimes or often).

Inhibitory control task is decreased in vascular incontinence patients

'Vascular incontinence' is a part of elderly incontinence due to cerebral white matter change (WMC). We studied the relationship between performance on several cognitive tasks and urodynamic detrusor overactivity (DO) in patients with vascular incontinence. We recruited 40 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to WMC [20 male, 20 female; mean age 77 years (60-89 years)]. Other neurologic, urologic, and systemic causes of LUT dysfunction were excluded. All patients underwent urodynamics tests and two sets of cognitive tasks, i.e., the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (general cognitive tasks), and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) (frontal lobe tasks). The most common urinary symptom was urinary urgency (27 patients), followed by urinary incontinence (26) and nocturnal urinary frequency (25). The urodynamic testing revealed DO in 22 patients. The cognitive testing revealed that the patients' mean MMSE score was 25.8 (range 15-30), and their mean FAB score was 13.6 (4-18). There was no relationship between DO and the total MMSE or FAB score, but our analysis of the relationship between DO and the six subdomains of the FAB (conceptualization, mental flexibility, programming, sensitivity to interference, inhibitory control, and environmental autonomy) revealed a significant relationship between DO and the inhibitory control task (p < 0.005). The results of the present study showed that performance on an inhibitory control task is decreased in vascular incontinence patients with DO.

“Vascular Incontinence” and Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus: Two Commonsources of Elderly Incontinence with Brain Etiologies

This paper reviewed two common sources of elderly incontinence with brain etiologies, “vascular incontinence” (a disorder of bladder control resulting from cerebral white matter disease) and normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), from a neurological point of view. Both diseases manifest with gait disturbance, dementia, and urinary incontinence. Urinary frequency/ urgency (overactive bladder, OAB) often precedes urinary incontinence in both diseases, and in some patients may be the initial manifestation. While NPH is less common than vascular incontinence, at approximately one-tenth the prevalence, it is important because the symptoms can be reversed by shunt surgery or endoscopic third ventriculostomy. For vascular incontinence, early identification of risk factors and initiation of secondary prevention are necessary. Detrusor overactivity due to frontal hypofunction may underlie the bladder disorder in both diseases. Treatment options for urinary incontinence include anticholinergics, which do not easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, or newer drugs that act on the adrenergic beta-3 receptor and other receptors.

Effectiveness of Multidimensional Exercises for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Community‐Dwelling Japanese Women: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial

To evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and fitness exercises in reducing urine leakage in elderly women with stress urinary incontinence (UI). Randomized, crossover, follow-up trial. Urban community in Japan. Seventy women aged 70 and older who reported urine leakage one or more times per month; 35 were randomly assigned to intervention and the other 35 to control. The intervention group attended an exercise class aimed at enhancing PFMs and fitness. Duration of the exercise was 60 minutes per session twice a week for 3 months. After 3 months of exercise, the intervention group was followed for 1 year. Body mass index (BMI), urine leakage, walking speed, and muscle strength were measured at baseline, after the intervention, and at follow-up. In the intervention group, maximum walking speed and adductor muscle strength increased significantly after the intervention; there were no significant changes in the control group. After 3 months of exercise, 54.5% of the intervention group and 9.4% of the control group reported being continent. Within the cured group of UI, a significantly higher proportion had decreased their BMI at 3 months (P=.03) and increased walking speed at 3 (P=.04) and 12 (P=.047) months. Decrease in BMI and increase in walking speed may contribute to the treatment of UI, although the data do not support a positive correlation between strengthening of adductor muscle and improvement of UI, which needs more research.

Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence in elderly Mexican-American women.

To measure prevalence and characteristics of urinary incontinence in older Mexican-American women. Cross-sectional analysis of a longitudinal survey of a representative sample of older Mexican Americans. Five southwestern states in the United States. A total of 1589 Mexican-American women, aged 65 and older who were part of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly. Self-reported psychosocial, demographic, and health variables; self-reported history of symptoms of urinary incontinence. Two hundred thirty-nine (15%) of the 1589 Mexican-American women reported having urinary incontinence. Almost 33% reported urge incontinence symptoms, 10% reported stress incontinence symptoms, and 42% had symptoms suggestive of mixed incontinence. Thirty-five percent of subjects reported incontinence episodes with moderate to large amounts of urine loss, and 15% reported that their urinary symptoms kept them from engaging in social activities. Age and body mass index were risk factors for incontinence (P=.02 and P=.03, respectively). This is the first community-based survey examining rates of urinary incontinence in Mexican-American women. The prevalence of urinary incontinence may be lower in older Mexican-American women than in the general population. They may also have a higher percentage of urge as opposed to stress incontinence symptoms and may suffer from moderate to large volumes of urine loss associated with their incontinence episodes.

An approach to elderly incontinence.

At least 10 million adults in the U.S. suffer from urinary incontinence, including at least half of all nursing home residents. The annual cost is over $10 billion and the psychosocial burden is enormous. Nursing can play an important role in reducing incidence and continuance of this condition by early identification, thorough assessment and appropriate intervention.

Urine Specimen Collection with External Devices for Diagnosis of Bacteriuria in Elderly Incontinent Men

We determined the validity of using external devices for urine specimen collection from 24 elderly incontinent men residing in a nursing home by collecting three sequential specimens, two with external devices and then one by catheterization. The positive predictive value of organisms isolated in quantitative counts of greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml in external devices for bladder bacteriuria was 86% for either sterile or clean collecting devices and 93% for the same organism in two consecutive specimens. The negative predictive value for organisms present in quantitative counts of less than 10(5) CFU/ml was 90% for both sterile and clean devices and 86% when the organism was present in both specimens. Contamination in external collection devices was not influenced by whether the device was clean or sterile, circumcision of the resident, or duration of time between device application and specimen collection. These data suggest that urine specimens collected by ward nursing staff with external devices are reliable for the diagnosis of bacteriuria in this patient population.

Clinical and Urodynamic Effects of Ephedrine in Elderly Incontinent Patients

The effect of ephedrine, an adrenergic receptor agonist, was investigated in 24 elderly patients with urinary incontinence associated with unstable detrusor contractions. After 3 weeks of oral ephedrine repeat cystometry showed mean increases of 21 per cent in bladder capacity and of 23 per cent in urethral pressure. Of 21 patients studied 7 became continent and 12 were improved. However, the urodynamic improvement did not reach statistical significance even in the continent group and, thus, the clinical improvement was unlikely to be owing to ephedrine. Therefore, open studies of drug treatment for detrusor instability may be misleading unless clinical and cystometric data are obtained.

THE CLINICAL EFFECT OF NOR-ETH-ANDROLONE (NILEVAR) ON INCONTINENT MENTAL PATIENTS

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessTHE CLINICAL EFFECT OF NOR-ETH-ANDROLONE (NILEVAR) ON INCONTINENT MENTAL PATIENTSGEORGE VLAVIANOS, and LUDWIG FINKGEORGE VLAVIANOSSearch for more papers by this author, and LUDWIG FINKSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.115.2.164AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "THE CLINICAL EFFECT OF NOR-ETH-ANDROLONE (NILEVAR) ON INCONTINENT MENTAL PATIENTS." American Journal of Psychiatry, 115(2), pp. 164–165 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByA FURTHER CLINICAL STUDY OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS IN INCONTINENCEGEORGE VLAVIANOS, GIDEON SEAMAN, and MARIA VLAVIANOS1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 118, No. 6THE CLINICAL EFFECT OF NORETHANDROLONE ON INCONTINENT MENTAL PATIENTS ACTION INDUCED BY NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATIONLUIS SANTOS, and MARTIN GROSS1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 118, No. 3A STUDY WITH NORETHANDROLONE (NILEVAR) IN A MENTAL HOSPITAL ON PATIENTS WITH BOWEL AND BLADDER INCONTINENCESOL SHERMAN1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 117, No. 6TREATMENT OF BLADDER AND BOWEL INCONTINENCE IN ELDERLY MENTAL PATIENTS WITH NOR-ETH-ANDROLONE (NILEVAR)MAURICE VAISBERG, CALVIN MICHAEL, and JOHN C. SAUNDERS1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 115, No. 10PHYSIOLOGICAL TREATMENTJOSEPH WORTIS1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 115, No. 7 Volume 115Issue 2 August 1958Pages 164-165 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 August 1958