Incomplete Process Research Articles

Sistem Monitoring Dan Kontrol Berbasis Internet Of Things Pada Prototypesmart Portable Biomass Powerplant

The use of Internet of Things technology can be implemented in various aspects, one of which is the field of energy generation. The generation of electrical energy, especially biomass fuel, can be one way to achieve more environmentally friendly energy generation. Design prototype smart portable biomass powerplant includes monitoring and control of the generating system. The monitoring and control system is designed to be able to run automatically integrated with the Internet of Things system. To increase the ease of use of the tool, the system is connected in real-time with the internet. Data acquisition with sensors connected to the controller is carried out to observe the condition of the combustion chamber, turbine and generator components. The results of this data acquisition can then be monitored in real-time on a platform that can be done remotely. The control process on the prototype includes protection measures on the device in case of fault so as to provide further damage prevention measures and can be done wirelessly using the same system. Prototype testing results using Arduino mega2560 controller and ACS712 current sensor, voltage sensor, MQ-2 gas sensor and esp32 cam were found to be able to work well and monitor both the condition of the combustion chamber, the power generated by the generator to biomass combustion levels. Then the test also proved to be able to provide remote process control to protect the tool from overheating, overcurrent protection and excessive incomplete combustion process.

Disentangling decision errors from action execution in mouse-tracking studies: The case of effect-based action control.

Mouse-tracking is regarded as a powerful technique to investigate latent cognitive and emotional states. However, drawing inferences from this manifold data source carries the risk of several pitfalls, especially when using aggregated data rather than single-trial trajectories. Researchers might reach wrong conclusions because averages lump together two distinct contributions that speak towards fundamentally different mechanisms underlying between-condition differences: influences from online-processing during action execution and influences from incomplete decision processes. Here, we propose a simple method to assess these factors, thus allowing us to probe whether process-pure interpretations are appropriate. By applying this method to data from 12 published experiments on ideomotor action control, we show that the interpretation of previous results changes when dissociating online processing from decision and initiation errors. Researchers using mouse-tracking to investigate cognition and emotion are therefore well advised to conduct detailed trial-by-trial analyses, particularly when they test for direct leakage of ongoing processing into movement trajectories.

The Incomplete Transmutation of Feeling: Female Platform Drivers' Negotiation and Resistance to Emotional Labour in China's Ride‐Hailing Industry

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to the scholarship of the gig labour process and gendered emotional labour and enriches the theorisation of emotional labour and alienation and Marxist feminist platform studies in transportation platforms. Focusing on Chinese female platform drivers' lived experience, this study conducts Chatnography and ‘chat’ interviews with 40 Chinese female Didi drivers, from November 2020 to June 2022. First, this article highlights how communication technologies and social reproduction processes complicate the emotional disciplinary process in China's ride‐hailing industry. Second, this study unveils the gender logic of emotional labour in China's transportation platforms, such that women's double identities as a platform driver and digital labour are intertwined in the gig labour process, resulting in the unprecedented human costs of gendered and sexualised emotional labour, such as self‐alienation and estrangement. Third, this study argues that the transmutation of emotion is an incomplete, antagonistic, and contradictory process in China's ride‐hailing industry. On the one hand, women worker's consciousness is contextualised in the social reproduction process. Care activities for children create an antagonistic force to combat gendered emotional labour on ride‐hailing platforms. On the other hand, the affordances of communication technologies energise individual and collective resistance to gendered and sexualised emotional labour.

Operational vehicle state of health estimation framework based on local-global attention mechanism

The state of health (SOH) of electric vehicles directly correlates with operational safety and driving range. Accurate assessment of SOH is crucial for improving the safety and reliability of electric vehicles. This article proposes a novel SOH estimation framework based on the local-global attention mechanism (L-G-A) and real-world incomplete charging processes. Firstly, an analysis of the charging modes is conducted. Specifically, the average value of capacity is calculated for multiple constant current segments as the reference capacity, and the effect of ambient temperature on charging efficiency and battery capacity is considered. Subsequently, aging characteristics of interval capacities are extracted through incremental capacity analysis. To investigate the impact of different usage patterns on battery degradation during daily use by vehicle owners, the historical cycle charging segments are categorized based on segment similarity. Then, the L-G-A model is established by utilizing convolutional layers to extract local-scale temporal information and computing global attention scores based on degradation information between each segment and across classes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework has the highest estimation accuracy with mean absolute error and root mean square error of 0.069 % and 0.084 %, respectively, which outperforms the traditional LSTM, CNN, and SVR models in terms of accuracy of SOH evaluation.

Mapping schistosomiasis risk landscapes and implications for disease control: A case study for low endemic areas in the Middle Paranapanema river basin, São Paulo, Brazil.

Schistosomiasis, a chronic parasitic disease, remains a public health issue in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in low and moderate-income countries lacking assured access to safe water and proper sanitation. A national prevalence survey carried out by the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 2011 to 2015 found a decrease in human infection rates to 1%, with 19 out of 26 states still classified as endemic areas. There is a risk of schistosomiasis reemerging as a public health concern in low-endemic regions. This study proposes an integrated landscape-based approach to aid surveillance and control strategies for schistosomiasis in low-endemic areas. In the Middle Paranapanema river basin, specific landscapes linked to schistosomiasis were identified using a comprehensive methodology. This approach merged remote sensing, environmental, socioeconomic, epidemiological, and malacological data. A team of experts identified ten distinct landscape categories associated with varying levels of schistosomiasis transmission potential. These categories were used to train a supervised classification machine learning algorithm, resulting in a 92.5% overall accuracy and a 6.5% classification error. Evaluation revealed that 74.6% of collected snails from water collections in five key municipalities within the basin belonged to landscape types with higher potential for S. mansoni infection. Landscape connectivity metrics were also analysed. This study highlights the role of integrated landscape-based analyses in informing strategies for eliminating schistosomiasis. The methodology has produced new schistosomiasis risk maps covering the entire basin. The region's low endemicity can be partly explained by the limited connectivity among grouped landscape-units more prone to triggering schistosomiasis transmission. Nevertheless, changes in social, economic, and environmental landscapes, especially those linked to the rising pace of incomplete urbanization processes in the region, have the potential to increase risk of schistosomiasis transmission. This study will help target interventions to bring the region closer to schistosomiasis elimination.

The Experiences of Grief in Bereaved Women Following the Death of Their Husbands During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qom, Iran: A Phenomenological Study

Background and Objectives: The death of a loved one is one of the most difficult and stressful life events in the world. The effects of death caused by COVID-19 on the mental health of individuals and families are of great importance. This study aims to elucidate the experience of grief in bereaved women following the death of their husbands due to COVID-19 in Qom, Iran. Methods: In this phenomenological study, 12 bereaved women were selected using a purposive sampling method. The information was collected using semi-structured interviews until reaching data saturation. Results: The data analysis led to the extraction of 3 main themes and 10 sub-themes: Complicated grief (ambiguous loss, farewell with no embrace, grieving alone), unconventional grief (strange death, deviation from religious burial customs, virtual mourning), and grief outcome (spiritual experiences, moral panic, social stigma, distrust in healthcare providers). Conclusion: The grief of bereaved women due to the death of their husbands by COVID-19 differs from their mourning for the death caused by other diseases in two aspects. Firstly, according to the majority of women, the cause of death was unclear. This situation intensified their grieving and mourning. Secondly, due to the specific nature of COVID-19 and the necessity of quarantine, they were restricted from having funeral and religious mourning rituals according to the prevalent culture, which resulted in an incomplete mourning process. Gaining spiritual experiences is one positive aspect of grief in women. It is recommended to provide support and care by the healthcare system during pandemics for families, especially bereaved women, to reduce the negative effects of grief.

Altai Osmans of the Genus Oreoleuciscus and African Barbs of the Barbus intermedius Complex: the Common Patterns of Morphological Differences Between Piscivorous and Non-Piscivorous Forms under Sympatry Conditions

In populations of fish species of the same and of different systematic groups living in lakes of the same and of different continents the patterns of differences in factor loadings of the considered parameters of the morphology of the jaw apparatus and neurocranium on the main vectors of variability in comparison of piscivorous and non-piscivorous ecological forms almost coincides. It is shown that in the Altai osmans of the Oreoleuciscus potanini species in two lakes of the Central Asian Closed Basin, the structure of differences is almost identical to the structure of differences between the piscivorous and non-piscivorous forms of the barbs of the Barbus intermedius complex sensu Banister (1973) complex in the African Lake Tana. At the same time, the structure of the differences between the piscivorous and non-piscivorous forms of another species of Altai Osmans Oreoleuciscus humilis in a lake located in another part of the Central Asian Closed Basin differs significantly from the structure of differences in ecological forms of both the O. potanini species and the B. intermedius complex. It is assumed that the following explanation may be given for the revealed difference in the variability of Osmans in the studied water bodies. In the African lake Tana and Mongolian lakes Bayan and Khar-Us, the structure of differences reflects the already established situation of stationary coexistence of piscivorous and non-piscivorous forms in one water body. Whereas the structure of variability in the periodically drying Mongolian lake Lake Orog reflects not an established situation, but an incomplete process of its formation, interrupted over and over again by the death of the lake population in the next drought period.

Sintering of different silica aerogels

This work reports on isothermal sintering experiments, conducted with silica aerogel samples in a broad density range (∼0.025–0.277 kg/m3) made by the same process by varying the solvent-to-sol ratio, as well as samples made by different formulations used by several aerogel manufacturers. The latter comparison is deficient in the literature. Low-density (<0.05 kg/m3) aerogels were found to be significantly more resilient to sintering, which is consistent with established sintering theories. Unexpectedly large variability in the susceptibility to sintering was observed in similar density (∼0.1 kg/m3) aerogels made by different formulations and by different producers. All material made by utilizing a CO2 solvent exchange step prior to supercritical drying exhibited effects attributable to residual original solvent in the micropores. This alludes to an incomplete solvent exchange process. The materials were examined in the context of devising a methodology for producing an ultra-pure silica aerogel, a substance free of organic constituents, intended to serve NASA life detection mission needs.

Virtual Sensing of Nitrite: A Novel Control for Safe Denitrification in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RASs)

Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) technology is seen worldwide as a solution for sustainable fish production. However, there are still deficiencies in the process technology imperiling consistent operation and thus economic results. Drawbacks are linked to essential processes of the water treatment systems such as denitrification. Nitrogenous waste needs to be removed from RAS process water to maintain an adequate production environment for fish and to mitigate the environmental impact of discharged process water. At present, denitrification lacks reliable process control, especially regarding the organic carbon feed to heterotrophic denitrification processes. An investigation into heterotrophic denitrification in an experimental RAS resulted in the discovery of a virtual sensor based on measurements of the oxidation reduction potential (ORP). The virtual sensor responds to an insufficient carbon feed to denitrification. It is based on the oxidation of nitrite in an ozone-enhanced foam flotation installed downstream of the denitrification. The sensor essentially delivers a binary signal denoting either a complete or an incomplete denitrification process. The virtual sensor can be used for reliably controlling heterotrophic denitrification. It requires an upgraded process chain employing ozone-enhanced foam flotation (protein skimmer) downstream of the denitrification. However, the virtual sensor does not require any additional instrumentation.

Greenhouse gas column observations from a portable spectrometer in Uganda

Abstract. The extensive terrestrial ecosystems of tropical Africa are a significant store of carbon and play a key but uncertain role in the atmospheric budgets of carbon dioxide and methane. As ground-based observations in the tropics are scarce compared with other parts of the world, recent studies have instead made use of satellite observations assimilated into atmospheric chemistry and transport models to conclude that methane emissions from this geographical region have increased since 2010 as a result of increased wetland extent, accounting for up to a third of global methane growth, and that the tropical Africa region dominates net carbon emission across the tropics. These studies critically rely on the accuracy of satellite datasets, such as those from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), and the Sentinel-5 Precursor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), along with results from atmospheric transport models, over a geographical region where there are little independent data to test the robustness of published results. In this paper we present the first ground-based observations of greenhouse gas column concentrations over East Africa, obtained using a portable Bruker EM27/SUN Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer during a deployment covering the first few months of 2020 in Jinja, Uganda. We operated the instrument near autonomously by way of an automated weatherproof enclosure and observed total atmospheric column concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane, as well as carbon monoxide, a useful proxy for emissions from incomplete combustion processes in the region. We discuss the performance of the combined enclosure and spectrometer system that we deployed in Jinja to obtain these data and show comparisons of our ground-based observations with satellite datasets from OCO-2 and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) for carbon dioxide and TROPOMI for methane and carbon monoxide, whilst also comparing our results with concentration data from the GEOS-Chem and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) atmospheric inversions that provide a means of increasing spatial and temporal coverage where satellite data are not available. For our measurement period, we find mean differences in XCO2 between OCO-2 and the EM27/SUN of −0.29 % and between OCO-3 and the EM27/SUN of −0.28 %. In the case of TROPOMI, the mean difference in XCH4 that we find between TROPOMI and the EM27/SUN is −0.44 %, whilst for XCO the mean difference is −5.65 %. In each of these cases, the mean difference observed between the satellite and ground-based column concentrations is either close to or within the precision and accuracy requirements for the respective missions. With regard to the model and reanalysis comparisons with the EM27/SUN column concentrations, we see mean differences from the EM27/SUN of a global GEOS-Chem inversion for XCO2 of −0.08 %, a regional high-resolution GEOS-Chem inversion for XCH4 of −0.22 %, and the CAMS global reanalysis for XCO of −9.79 %. Our results demonstrate the value of ground-based observations of total column concentrations and show that the combined EM27/SUN and enclosure system employed would be suitable for acquisition of the longer-term observations needed to rigorously evaluate satellite observations and model and reanalysis calculations over tropical Africa.

A Methodological Approach to Assembly Time Standard Estimation Based on Incomplete Characteristics of the Production Process and Using Small Databases

The problem solved in this article concerns assembly planning, which is time-consuming, but crucial in the development of mechanical products. At the product design stage there is no complete information about the manufacturing process, so it is necessary to develop an approach to help process the uncertain and incomplete information. In order to compare different product variants, the assembly time standard has to be estimated on the basis of the incomplete product and production process characteristics. This paper presents a method for estimating the assembly time standard using time classes, decision tree and evidence theory.

Design of Master Data Management in the Bank Using Consolidation Approach and Jaro Wrinkler

The main objective of this project is to introduce master data management into the PT XYZ database system through analysis, design, and implementation. A database life cycle (DBLC) approach, consisting of database analysis, design, implementation, and testing, is used for the design phase. Based on the analysis carried out, it was found that two databases belonging to PT XYZ did not have a master data management process, and there was an incomplete master data management and implementation process at PT XYZ. This project ended with the successful of implementation the master data management process, thereby reducing the time required for PT XYZ business process applications. So that all PT XYZ business process applications can produce clean and valid data.

Study of the effect of bleaching agents on the crystalline index of cellulose-based materials derived from corn husk by CP/MAS 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies

This work proposes an evaluation of the Crystalline Index (CrI) in function of the bleaching process employed during cellulose extraction from corn husk, for further characterization using CP/MAS 13C NMR, XRD, and FT-IR. In that sense, CrI values were calculated by FT-IR and the bands associated with the crystalline and amorphous regions were observed at 1424 cm−1 and 896 cm−1, respectively. Similarly, the signals due to ordered (89.1 ppm) and disordered (84.2 ppm) cellulose chains were detected by solid-state 13C NMR, while the Segal equation was only used for comparison purposes. Additionally, PCA studies showed consistent results attributed to the crystalline region in cellulose domains analyzed by both, FT-IR and solid-state 13C NMR. The results revealed the coexistence of cellulose I/cellulose II and its effect on CrI, as well as the incomplete mercerization process, in some cases non-cellulosic residues can cause an overestimation of CrI. Additionally, the thermal stability and the glass transition temperature were determined by TGA/DTA and DSC analyses. Finally, a partially fibrillated-network morphology with a diameter of 20.47 ± 2.77 μm was observed in cellulose bleached with peracetic acid, whereas organosolv method provides flexible and clean microfibrils with diameter sizes between 10 and 9 μm.

Threshold temperature of superfluorescence generation in CuCl quantum dots under resonant excitation of excitons and resonant two-photon excitation of biexcitons

We studied the threshold temperature of superfluorescence (SF) generation with regard to biexcitons in CuCl quantum dots (QDs) under resonant two-photon excitation of biexcitons and resonant excitation of excitons to demonstrate the influence of initial population densities in the QDs on SF generation. As a result, the threshold temperature under the resonant excitation of excitons was higher than that under the two-photon excitation of biexcitons. This indicates that the high density of excited dots facilitates the rapid establishment of coherence among the dots, overcoming disadvantages of incomplete population inversion and formation process of biexcitons. We performed a theoretical calculation of the time profiles of the biexcitonic emission based on semiconductor luminescence equations. The experimentally obtained temperature dependence of the time profiles was qualitatively reproduced by calculating their dependence on the dephasing rate. In addition, we estimated the temperature dependence of the phase relaxation time of the biexcitons in the CuCl QDs by analyzing the temperature dependence of SF.

Oroantral Fistula Reconstruction by Pedicled Buccal Pad of Fat adjuvant with Advancement Flap (Clinical Study)

Aim: As well as highlighting the role of buccal fat of pad in closure large defects by evaluating healing process through pain, swelling and wound healing scores. Material and Method: A prospective evaluation study was conducted among patients who underwent surgical closure to OAC in both Ear Nose and Throat Department with the Maxillofacial Department of Al-Salam Teaching Hospital in Mosul City of Nineveh Province. Data recorded includes demographical Information and clinical evaluations. Two operators measured the parameters. Pain and swelling assessment through the visual analogue scale (VAS) assess the level of pain on the third, seventh and day twenty following surgery. Wound Evaluation Scale used to evaluate closure of the oroantral communication without nasal regurgitation at 1st week (day 7) and 20th days post- surgery and measure the surgical success. Results: The highest age group are between (20-29 years) with percent (56.5). male show high incidence (56.5%) more than female (43.47). In regard to cause extraction followed by tumors are the common cause for oroantral fistula (56.5%, 17.39). Day three and seven reflect different ranges of pain with highest percent for severe pain in day three (65.21%) and reduced to slight pain (82.60%) in day seven. In regard to swelling, in day three most of cases show very severe swelling (73.91%). In day seven the cases represent sever swelling (78.26%). Twenty-one patients from total 23 show incomplete healing at day seven while two patients have uncertain healing. In day 20 just one patient shows incomplete healing process. Conclusion: Buccal pad of fat can be used safely as adjuvant to buccal advancement flap for closure and is efficient in management of OAC to avoid diminished soft tissue in different size cases. Pain, swelling scales can be used as assessment for healing process added to them soft tissue wound healing scale.

Improving the strength and maintaining good ductility of as-forged Ti6Al4V alloy by regulating the microstructural defects

Solution-aging treatment is a conventional method for enhancing the strength of titanium alloys contributed by the decomposition of metastable phases, like martensite. The traditional viewpoint suggests that the martensite transformation occurring after water quenching does not significantly contribute to the strengthening of titanium alloy and this perspective actually overlooks the high strength resulting from the high-density defects formed in the martensite microstructure due to rapid cooling. So, previous studies have not fully taken advantages of the excellent strengthening capability of martensite. This study adopted a technique which combined solid solution and incomplete aging treatment to control the decomposition behavior of martensite and as a result, the strength of the as-forged Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy had been obviously improved and good ductility had been maintained. Furthermore, the changes of phase structure and microstructural defects in TC4 titanium alloy during solution and aging process have been detailly studied by XRD refinement, EBSD, and TEM. Specifically, the highest tensile strength increased by 28.8 % which could reach 1224 MPa, and the elongation at fracture could still remain at 13 %. The reason is as follows. The formation of martensite after water quenching led to a substantial increase in internal microstructural defects, which were partly retained during the subsequent aging process because of lower temperature and short aging time, and the remaining martensite and microstructural defects can help maintain high strength. What's more, a small part of defects disappeared during this incomplete aging process due to martensite decomposition and recovery, which was beneficial to ductility.

Суспільно-політичний лад і економічний розвиток Етрурії у 8–3 ст. до н. е.

The purpose of the article is to highlight key issues of the socio-political system and economy of Etruscan civilization as factors influencing both its rise and decline. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific principles: historicism, objectivity, and a systemic approach in analyzing historical processes considered in this article. Special historical methods such as descriptive, problem-chronological, historical-systemic, and comparative-historical have proven to be effective. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the authors' attempt to comprehensively reveal the topic of the socio-political system and economy of the Etruscans in the 8th–3rd centuries BC by utilizing the achievements of foreign and domestic researchers. Conclusions. The key factors determining the might of the Etruscans were the fertility of the land and the richness of the region's natural resources. However, their socio-political structure undermined this potential as Etruscan cities existed independently from each other and did not strive to unite into a centralized state, further weakening themselves with constant internal conflicts and internecine wars. The lack of unity and the Roman military superiority ultimately led to the loss of independence for the cities, and eventually, to the complete disappearance of the Etruscan ethnic group. The rapid growth of the Etruscan economy through international trade did not contribute to the unification of Etruria into a single centralized state due to the incomplete process of dissolution of tribal relations and the Etruscans' orientation towards the Greeks, including adopting their model of state organization. The formal unification of twelve city-states into the Etruscan League was a religious confederation but did not promote their cohesion. For a long time in Etruscan society, there were only two main classes – the aristocracy, in whose interests the state apparatus operated, and the class which was to varying degrees dependent on the aristocracy. At the same time, the indistinctness of the middle class may be associated with the fact that the ancestors of the Etruscans, who according to one version of their origin came from the east, subjugated the indigenous population, turning them into dependents, which was a typical practice in the ancient world.

Fabrication of lateral diamond MOSFET with buried pn-junctions by diamond surface planarization based on carbon solid solution into nickel

New fabrication processes for buried p+-type diamond using etching techniques based on the solid-solution reaction of carbon with nickel were proposed and demonstrated. Specifically, an inversion-channel diamond metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with source and drain regions buried in the body were fabricated, and their operation were confirmed. An etching process using etching techniques based on the solid-solution reaction of carbon with nickel was applied to realize trench formation and planarization after the growth of a p+-type diamond. The fabricated MOSFET exhibited drain current density equivalent to that of conventional MOSFET with source and drain p+-type regions deposited as islands on an n-type body, and ideal field-effect transistor characteristics with linear and saturation regions, and the drain current density was controlled by the gate voltage. However, the surface protrusion structure owing to the incomplete planarization process limited the device characteristics. The proposed fabrication processes for buried layers are expected to function as an important selective doping technique for diamond electronic devices such as ion implantation.

High selectivity and anti-interference molecularly imprinted polymer based on spheroidal carbonized polymer dots for effective sulfadiazine sodium removal

Although several methods for enhancing the selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been reported, their effects on complex substrates remain unsatisfactory. In this study, a customised 1-vinyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid with a vinyl double bond polymerizable unit and an F-atom recognition unit was employed as a precursor carbon source to prepare unique spherical carbonised polymer dots (CPDs-F) through an incomplete carbonisation process using the one-step hydrothermal method. Then used it as a novel functional monomer, sulfadiazine sodium (SDS), as a template to synthesize the SDS-imprinted material CPDs-F@MIP in aqueous media. The results indicated that the obtained CPDs-F@MIP exhibited excellent selectivity for the template, with an imprinting factor of up to 6.39, surpassing that of the MIPs prepared with chain functional monomers 2.12–4.76 times. The selective adsorption of the template molecule, SDS (selectivity coefficient: approximately 2.615–43.149), was not significantly influenced by the coexistence of contaminants with various structural characteristics. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 61.06 mg g−1. After at least twenty applications, the adsorption capability of CPDs-F@MIP did not decrease significantly. Finally, the prepared CPDs-F@MIP were used as solid-phase extraction adsorbents in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography, and the anti-interference ability and selective adsorption performance of CPDs-F@MIP in six actual water samples were investigated. Additionally, an accurate, reliable method for detecting SDS in environmental water was established (limit of detection of 0.2 μg L−1, and the recoveries ranged from 91.79% to 111.32%). Imprinting materials prepared using spherical functional monomers significantly enhance their selective recognition ability in complex media and provide new ideas for the preparation and application of novelty imprinting materials with superior performance.

Religious confusion and emptiness: Evaluating the impact of online Islamic learning among Indonesian Muslim adolescents

Internet-based religious learning has presented a new face to the diversity of Muslim youth. This article aims to analyse and evaluate Muslim youth’s understanding, attitudes, and religious practices and demonstrate the impact of internet-based Islamic learning. As many as 23 Muslim youths in Jepara, Central Java, aged 17–20 years, became the informants of this study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations. Further research data were analysed descriptively and interpretatively. This study found that most Muslim youths who studied Islam online experienced confusion and emptiness in religion caused by an incomplete learning process. Most Muslim youths do not have solid theological views, pseudo-worship practices and weak religious ideologies. This study suggests that teenagers acquire essential Islamic knowledge from credible sources such as kyai with clear scientific credentials. This foundation enables them to discern reliable Islamic content in cyberspace, safeguarding against distortions in their understanding of Islam and spirituality.Contribution: This research provides a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of the impact of internet-based learning on the diverse experiences of Muslim youth. Although the internet has the potential to be an invaluable source of knowledge, the challenges of integrating information with traditional understanding require serious attention.