Incomplete Instrumentation Research Articles

Probability assessing technique for a fighter guidance to the allowed guided missiles launches zone under conditions of incomplete instrumentation

Probability assessing technique for a fighter guidance to the allowed guided missiles launches zone under conditions of incomplete instrumentation

Investigating the Effectiveness of Desktop Virtual Reality for Teaching and Learning of Electrical/Electronics Technology in Universities

This study compared efficiency of desktop virtual reality with a conventional classroom learning practice for the teaching and learning of electrical/electronics technology. This was measured through academic achievement, learning interest, and engagement. A quasi-experimental design was employed for this study. Four universities were used for the study. The students were within the ages of 17 to 24 years. Students were assigned to either an experimental or comparison group based on intact classes. A total of 149 students participated in this experiment; however, only 142 samples could be analyzed. Seven samples were not analyzed due to incomplete instruments answered and absenteeism. Seventy-four students were in the virtual reality group while 68 students were in the non virtual reality group. The sample was 78.52% and 21.48% in males and females, respectively. Analysis of covariance was used to test three formulated hypotheses on effects of desktop virtual reality on the learning effectiveness of the students. There was a significant difference in academic achievement, learning interest, and learning engagement between the two groups. It was established that desktop virtual reality positively affected students’ academic achievement, learning interest, and engagement of students in electronics technology. It was suggested that virtual reality should be adopted to augment laboratory practices for the teaching and learning of electrical/electronics technology in Nigerian universities.

Rajendra Prasad’s Terminal Chop: New Technique For Full Thickness Nuclear Segmentation in Hard Cataract

‘Direct chop’ has become the procedure of choice in hard cataracts but is still fraught with incomplete cracks and difficult instrument manipulation. We describe a new technique, ‘Terminal Chop’, for full thickness nuclear segmentation in hard cataract. A short, shallow, central trench is sculpted in the central nucleus, the phaco tip is engaged at the distal end of the trench and impaled into the nucleus, keeping the tip directed towards the equator parallel to the pupillary plane within the superficial layers of the nucleus. Equator of the nucleus is then slightly lifted vertically and brought out at the capsulotomy edge. A specially designed blunt tipped chopper is then simply passed around the lens equator and hooked. A small full thickness nick is created adjacent to the phaco tip using a blunt chopper. With a firm grip of the nucleus at the equator, lateral separation of the 2 instruments is initiated to create a vector force of 90 degrees, splitting the entire nucleus from equator to equator through the centre, into two complete clean halves. Direction of splitting follows the cleavage plane through the lens fibres thus causing minimal trauma.

The best radiographic method for determining root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars: A study of Chinese descendants in Taiwan

Background/purposeThere is large variation in root canal morphology and undetected canals and incomplete instrumentation are reasons for root canal treatment failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the best radiographic method for determining root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars in Chinese descendants in Taiwan. Materials and methodsMandibular first premolars extracted due to caries, periodontal diseases, trauma, or for orthodontic reasons were used. Four indices were examined: (1) root canal bifurcation observed in the buccolingual view; (2) root canal continuity in the buccolingual view; (3) double root outline in the buccolingual view; and (4) Vertucci canal classification in the mesiodistal view. ResultsA total of 82 left and right mandibular first premolars were included, a complicated root canal was confirmed in 38 (46.3%) by cross-sectional imaging and a single root canal was found in 44 (53.7%). Bifurcation identified on the mesiodistal view exhibited the highest sensitivity (94.7%) and second highest specificity (88.6%) for identifying a complicated root canal; however, this view is not possible to obtain clinically. Canal bifurcation on the buccolingual view was the most specific (93.2%), but had the lowest sensitivity (73.7%). Canal continuity on the buccolingual view had a sensitivity of 94.7%, and specificity of 70.5%. ConclusionCombined X-ray analyses, such as performing the buccolingual view for identification of canal bifurcation and canal continuity, may increase the accuracy of identifying complex root canal morphology.

Structural identification with incomplete output‐only data and independence of measured information for shear‐type systems

SummaryStructural identification is the inverse problem of estimating physical parameters of a structural system from its vibration response measurements. Incomplete instrumentation and ambient vibration testing generally result in incomplete and arbitrarily normalized measured modal information, often leading to an ill‐conditioned inverse problem and non‐unique identification results. The identifiability of any parameter set of interest depends on the amount of independent available information. In this paper, we consider the identifiability of the mass and stiffness parameters of shear‐type systems in output‐only situations with incomplete instrumentation. A mode shape expansion‐cum‐mass normalization approach is presented to obtain the complete mass normalized mode shape matrix, starting from the incomplete non‐normalized modes identified using any operational modal analysis technique. An analysis is presented to determine the minimum independent information carried by any given sensor set‐up. This is used to determine the minimum necessary number and location of sensors from the point of view of minimum necessary information for identification. The different theoretical discussions are illustrated using numerical simulations and shake table experiments. It is shown that the proposed identification algorithm is able to obtain reliably accurate physical parameter estimates under the constraints of minimal instrumentation, minimal a priori information, and unmeasured input. The sensor placement rules can be used in experiment design to determine the necessary number and location of sensors on the monitored system. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Avaliação da adesão ao checklist de cirurgia segura em Hospital Universitário Público

Objective: to evaluate the adherence to the checklist procedure in surgeries performed in a public teaching hospital and to identify the patient’s profile regarding its use. Method: a descriptive study methodology was performed, which was conducted at the surgical ward of the Hospital Universitario de Londrina-PR from August to December 2014. Four hundred perioperative verification instruments were analyzed. Results: there was a predominance of male patients (55.5%), aged 21–40 years, and the predominant medical specialty was orthopedics. After 5 years of implementation and a second reformulation of the checklist, there was a considerable decrease in the number of unfilled instruments (blank), but there was an increase in the number of incomplete instruments. Conclusion: the adherence to the checklist needs to be improved to contribute to the reduction of adverse events, which may affect surgical patients and is a challenge for institutions and their staff.

Structural identification with incomplete instrumentation and global identifiability requirements under base excitation

Estimating the mass and stiffness parameters of a structural system via its vibration response measurements is the primary objective in the field of modal testing and structural health monitoring. The attainment of this objective, however, is hindered by various practical and theoretical issues. One such issue is incomplete instrumentation, leading to spatially incomplete mode shapes and often nonunique identification results. When the excitation is induced by ground motion, the problem is further complicated because of arbitrary normalization of mode shapes. This study attempts to address these issues for shear-building type structures. Mode shape normalization and expansion approaches are developed that utilize the topology of the structural matrices. Theoretical constraints regarding minimal instrumentation and the necessity for any a priori information are addressed vis-à-vis the requirements for global identifiability. Some practical implementation issues are discussed. The performance of the method is evaluated using numerical simulations and shake table experiments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Microbial Causes of Inter Appointment Flare up-Review

The inter-appointment flare may be defined as the occurrence of severe pain and swelling or both within few hours or days following endodontic treatment appointment, requiring an unscheduled visit. The current endodontic treatment is supposed to be a pain free during the procedure but still the patient may encounter the pain after the appointment. Although some patients may experience mild moderate pain some patients may end up with the flare up. The causative factors of inter appointment pain encompass mechanical, chemical, and/or microbial injury to the pulp or per iradicular tissues. Microorganisms can participate in causation of inter appointment pain in the following situations apical extrusion of debris; incomplete instrumentation leading to changes in the endodontic microbiota or in environmental conditions; and secondary intra radicular infections. This article is a review on the microbial cause and reason for the sudden inter-appointment flare up and steps to manage and prevent them.

Experimental evaluation of a naturally ventilated PV double-skin building envelope in real operating conditions

Building integrated photovoltaic systems are fast becoming a feature of urban landscapes in France and other countries tackling similar pressures to improve the energy footprint of residential and commercial building sectors. As active components of building envelopes, the technology represents a promising solution to the local electrical and thermal demand. However, despite significant recent interest and investment into the technology, few studies have been undertaken to study full-scale installations operating under real conditions.In this paper we present an experimental evaluation of a prototype naturally-ventilated photovoltaic double-skin facade, designed to maintain favourable operating conditions for electrical performance by utilising the stack effect to cool photovoltaic components whilst improving the thermal performance of the building to which it is attached. Developed to meet both technical and aesthetic specifications, the prototype comprises a two-storey, vertically pleated, tinted glazed facade with a heterogeneous arrangement of photovoltaic cells electrically grouped into a vertical stack of three arrays. Installed on the West-North-West facade of an occupied office building in Toulouse, France, the component was tailored to the specific requirements of building into which it was incorporated. The result is a complex system in terms of geometry and environment. The objectives of the study were to test the assumption that the behaviour of simplified double-skin components can be generalised to real multifunction systems, and to propose analysis techniques suitable for this context. The prototype was instrumented to monitor the minute-wise thermal, electrical and air flow behaviour during the first year of operation. We present an analysis approach adapted to both the complexity of the system and the size of the dataset, wherein data were first classed according to daily indicators of environmental conditions using aggregated database queries. Periods of normal and anomalous behaviour were distinguished using data visualisation techniques. As well as assessing the daily and seasonal variation in performance, the predictability of system was also tested as a function of environmental conditions by means of stationary empirical models for heat extraction and array temperature. Despite the inherent complexity and the limitations of approximate or incomplete instrumentation, the system was found to behave in a predictable manner and could be described by simple relationships between environmental conditions and system state.

Modal parameter based structural identification using input–output data: Minimal instrumentation and global identifiability issues

It is of interest to the modal testing and structural health monitoring community to be able to identify the mass and stiffness parameters of a system from its vibration response measurements. On the other hand, incomplete instrumentation of the monitored system results in measured mode shapes which are incomplete and may lead to non-unique identification results. In this study, the problem of mass normalized mode shape expansion, and subsequent physical parameter identification, for shear-type structural systems with input–output measurements is investigated. While developing a mode shape expansion algorithm, the issue of global identifiability of the system is also addressed vis-à-vis instrumentation set-ups. Several possible minimal and near-minimal instrumentation set-ups which guarantee a unique estimation of the unmeasured mode shape components from the measured components are identified for various experimental designs. An input–output balance approach, applicable to any general structural model, is proposed to mass normalize the mode shape components observed at the instrumented degrees of freedom. Using the proposed mode shape expansion and the input–output balance procedures, along with the modal orthogonality relations, the mass and stiffness matrices of the system can be estimated. The advantage of the algorithm lies in its ability to obtain a reliably accurate identification using the minimal necessary instrumentation with no a priori mass or stiffness information. The performance of the proposed algorithm is finally discussed through numerical simulations of forced vibration experiments on a 7 degree of freedom shear-type system.

JP2: Call-site aware calling context profiling for the Java Virtual Machine

Calling context profiling fulfills programmers’ information needs to obtain a complete picture of a program’s inter- and intra-procedural control flow, which are important for workload characterization, debugging, profiling, program comprehension, and reverse engineering. Many existing calling context profilers for Java, however, resort to sampling or other incomplete instrumentation techniques; thus, they collect incomplete profiles only. In this article we present JP2, a new calling context profiler for the Java Virtual Machine, which collects profiles that are not only complete but also call-site aware; that is, JP2 is able to distinguish between multiple call sites within a single method. JP2 supports selective profiling of the dynamic extent of chosen methods and supports profiling of native method invocations. Moreover, produced profiles contain execution statistics at the level of individual basic blocks of code, thereby preserving the intra-procedural control flow of the profiled applications. We rigorously evaluate the overhead incurred by JP2. This overhead is acceptable in tasks such as workload characterization. JP2 is freely available under an Open Source license.

Complete and Platform-Independent Calling Context Profiling for the Java Virtual Machine

Calling context profiling collects statistics separately for each calling context. Complete calling context profiles that faithfully represent overall program execution are important for a sound analysis of program behavior, which in turn is important for program understanding, reverse engineering, and workload characterization. Many existing calling context profilers for Java rely on sampling or on incomplete instrumentation techniques, yielding incomplete profiles; others rely on Java Virtual Machine (JVM) modifications or work only with one specific JVM, thus compromising portability. In this paper we present a new calling context profiler for Java that reconciles completeness of the collected profiles and full compatibility with any standard JVM. In order to reduce measurement perturbation, our profiler collects platform-independent dynamic metrics, such as the number of method invocations and the number of executed bytecodes. In contrast to prevailing calling context profilers, our tool is able to distinguish between multiple call sites in a method and supports selective profiling of (the dynamic extent of) certain methods. We have evaluate the overhead introduced by our profiler with standard Java and Scala benchmarks on a range of different JVMs.

PROFESIONALISME POLISI DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM

Violence is often done by police in the investigation to get a confession the suspect. This behavior has become a habit that can be referenced from various research results, which are caused by lack of supervisory agency investigation, an incomplete legal instruments, the protection of the institution, and the unprofessional attitude of the police. This situation causes no chance to fight for a suspect his rights and the perpetrators of violence inaccessible. Professionalism associated with standardized moral issues into the code of conduct, and any violation of ethics code indicates a problem in the body of moral police. There should be a moral improvement in the investigator for investigation can take place properly and correctly according to expectations. Key words: police violence, investigation, criminal justice system, code of conduct

Crustal shear wave tomography of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, via ambient noise correlation between multiple three‐component networks

The central North Island of New Zealand is characterized by extension, high heat flow, and active volcanism caused by the Pacific plate subducting beneath the Australian plate off the east coast of the North Island. The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is the current locus of rifting and active volcanism. The shear velocity structure derived here from short‐period surface wave analysis fills a gap in the geophysical information obtained in previous active and passive source studies. Using ambient noise correlation techniques, we reprocess data from four three‐component temporary seismic arrays that were deployed between 2001 and 2005 in the central North Island and data from permanent seismic stations operational at the same time. Special attention has been paid to the correction of timing errors and incomplete instrument response information. Low shear velocities in the top 15–20 km of the crust inferred from Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis coincide with the presumed source regions of rhyolitic magma in the TVZ and are correlated with conductive bodies inferred from a 3‐D magnetotelluric survey. Based on the observed changes in shear velocity we use empirical relations to infer an average percentage of partial melt in the upper crust of <4%. Comparison of our shear velocity model with compressional wave cross sections from active and passive source studies and shear velocities derived from previous 3‐D Vp and Vp/Vs models reveals several consistent features, especially in the lower crust. The greater sensitivity of shear velocity than compressional velocity to the presence of melt and other fluids aids in linking seismic and electromagnetic observations and provides additional constraints on the distribution of magmatic structures in active continental rifting environments.

Interappointment pain: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment

Knowledge on the causes of and the mechanisms behind interappointment pain in endodontics is of utmost importance for the clinician to properly prevent or manage this undesirable condition. The causative factors of interappointment pain encompass mechanical, chemical, and/or microbial injury to the pulp or periradicular tissues, which are induced or exacerbated during root canal treatment. Microorganisms can participate in causation of interappointment pain in the following situations: apical extrusion of debris; incomplete instrumentation leading to changes in the endodontic microbiota or in environmental conditions; and secondary intraradicular infections. Interappointment pain is almost exclusively due to the development of acute inflammation at the periradicular tissues in response to an increase in the intensity of injury coming from the root canal system. When an interappointment emergency occurs, proper diagnosis and active treatment are required for the clinician to succeed in solving the problem. This review focuses on the mechanisms of interappointment pain, with special emphasis placed on the causative agents and the host response to injury that can precipitate pain. In addition, diagnostic measures and treatment approaches to manage interappointment pain are also discussed.

Addition of internal standards to particulate sample matrices for routine trace analyses of semivolatile organic compounds: A source of systematical and random errors

This article is a criticism of the strategy of adding (isotope labelled) internal standards of semi volatile hydrophobic organic compounds directly on the surface of particulate samples matrix such as sediment, soil and fly ash, etc. in a small aliquot (mL) of solvent, before trace level analysis. The use of the internal standard is intended to compensate for incomplete extractions, clean-up losses, dilution errors and instrument variations. However, direct addition of internal standards to sample matrices creates two possibilities for inaccurate results by processes only affecting the internal standard: First, evaporation losses of standard from the sample matrix during evaporation of the carrier solvent. Second, the native analyte and internal standard sorb to the sample matrix with differing force. Both processes can introduce systematic and random error to the result. A systematic error of 74% due to evaporation losses of tetra chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins is observed, while the corresponding error for octa chlorinated dioxin is 0%. The associated random error is 45% for tetra down to 1–4% relative standard deviations for hepta and octa chlorinated dioxins. For laboratory staff the evaporation losses of standard (and native) compounds causes, besides dust, an additional risk of inhalation exposure. The internal standard should instead be added to the extraction solvent after the extraction. Smaller systematical errors (10–20%) and associated random errors due to irreversible sorption are discussed.

Care of the Child With Tympanostomy Tubes: A Visual Guide for the Pediatrician

More than 2 million tympanostomy tubes are placed annually in the United States, primarily in children with chronic or recurrent otitis media refractory to nonsurgical management (J.S. Reilly, personal communication, 1994). Traditionally, the operating otolaryngologist has had the responsibility of caring for these patients, including: confirming middle ear disease, assuring tube patency, controlling refractory otorrhea, and managing complications such as tympanic membrane perforation or cholesteatoma. In response to pressures from a changing health care system, pediatricians are less able to refer children back to the otolaryngologist for routine tube surveillance, and must therefore perform it themselves, often with incomplete instrumentation and training. An approach is presented here for the care of the child with tympanostomy tubes based on the authors' combined experience with thousands of intubated children, and on available information from the pediatric and otolaryngic literature. With appropriate postoperative surveillance and follow-up care, the morbidity from tympanostomy tubes can be minimized. Although there are other ways of achieving the same goals, these time-honored methods are safe and effective. Because this is a visual guide, photographs are liberally interspersed to clarify and reinforce the written material. NORMAL TUBE APPEARANCE There are hundreds of different tube designs and materials and at least five different potential insertion sites in the tympanic membrane. This bewildering array of devices can be reduced to two general types: short-term tubes (intended to remain in the eardrum for 8 to 15 months) and long-term tubes (intended to remain in the eardrum > 15 months) (Fig 1A and B).

Bills and Notes: Indorsee Taking an Incomplete Instrument as a Holder in Due Course

Bills and Notes: Indorsee Taking an Incomplete Instrument as a Holder in Due Course

Bills and Notes: Undelivered and Incomplete Instruments: Defense of Non-Delivery Where Note Secured by Incomplete Deed of Trust

Bills and Notes: Undelivered and Incomplete Instruments: Defense of Non-Delivery Where Note Secured by Incomplete Deed of Trust

Bills and Notes. Delivery of Incomplete Instrument. Extent of Authority to Complete

Bills and Notes. Delivery of Incomplete Instrument. Extent of Authority to Complete