Income Tax Allowances Research Articles

Analysis of Gross Up and Net Method in Tax Planning Order Study Case in PT. Sumber Citra Megah

A tax management system for the effective is the most important thing to stay in a current situation. There needs to be a tax planning in the work plan without having to violate prevailing tax law. Implementation planning income tax article 21 by the company expected to minimize employees tax cost, that will benefit both sides. This research using any objects PT. Sumber Citra Megah. Implementation planning income tax article 21 by the company is expected to to minimize the tax charges to be indebted issued employees, that automatically be able to maximize profit after tax. The result showed that PT. Sumber Citra Megah do not planning income tax article 21 optimally because the calculation of THR, the salary employees and the competitive salary survey. Based on the research, company must evaluate income tax article 21 planning optimally by did not violate tax provisions apply. In this case, the company should provide income tax allowances using the gross up method, and replace the provision of in-kind with allowances in the form of money that flow directly to employees, because that way these costs can increase the company's fiscal costs and on the side of the employees it is also profitable because their take home pay will increase.

Factors and guidelines of recycling economics in Russia and building up the waste management system

The article deals with the problem of processing, utilization and recycling of the waste household appliances and electronics and the potential scenarios of its solution. Firstly, the topicality of the problem is connected with the fact that an average computer contains 0.09 g of gold, up to 1.1 g of silver, 0.4 kg of aluminum, 0.2 kg of copper as well as iron and plastic. The materials mentioned can be regarded as a valuable resource. Also there are dangerous materials which should not enter the environment. On the other hand, the cost of recycling and extraction of these materials exceeds their value. The article also studies how the general economic and innovative development of the country and the degree of the government intervention in the innovation area affect the development of the new economics model. The authors reveal the difference of priorities for developed and developing countries during the transition to the closed loop economics. They also study the features of legislation in the European countries and those of the Asian region. To stimulate the development of the recycling industry the authors suggest using income tax allowances.

Analisis Penerapan Metode Gross Up PPh Pasal 21 sesuai PSAK 46 untuk meminimalkan Pajak Penghasilan Badan (Studi Kasus pada PT. XYZ)

Since Law Number 36 of 2008 regultes General Provisions and Taxprayers in payin mandatory contributions to the government as well as receiving all forms of convenience to taxprayers in the tax process. The purpose of this research is to find out the calculation of Article 21 Gross Up Method Income Tax according to PSAK 46 can Minimize Corporate Income Tax at PT. Treston.As for the type of research used is qualitative reaserch where researchers look for employee salary document at PT. Treston to calculate of Article 21 Income Tax allowance using the Gross Up Method.The conclusion of this study is the Gross Up Method proposed by researchers can facilitate the company in finding tax benefits for permanent employee at PT. XYZ.

Tax Incentives and Investment Growth: The Nigerian Perspective

Tax Incentives and Investment Growth: the Nigeria perspective is aimed at determining the effect of tax incentives represented by corporate income tax rate and investment allowance on investment growth in Nigeria from 1985-2018. The study adopted Ex Post Facto Research Design and time-series data was used. Relevant secondary data for this study were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS). The study employed ordinary least square estimation and used regression analysis to test the relationship between Tax Incentives and investment growth in Nigeria. The study shows that tax incentive policy is positively and significantly related to gross fixed capital formation. The findings showed that tax incentives have positive impact on gross fixed capital formation. The findings showed that there is a degree of relationship between corporate income tax and gross fixed capital formation; and that there is degree of co-variability between investment allowance and gross fixed capital formation in Nigeria. The result also indicates that a higher company income tax rate is associated with lower private investment and slower gross fixed capital formation. The implication of this finding is that since tax incentives represented by company income tax allowance and investment allowance have positive and significant impact on gross fixed capital formation, policy reform in other factors that affect investment growth is needed also to complement these incentives so that a better result can be achieved.

Perencanaan Pajak ( Tax Planning ) Dalam Upaya Meminimalisasi Pajak Terhutang Pph Pasal 21

This study aimed to obtain evidence about tax planning (tax planning) in an effort to minimize the tax payable on the income tax section 21 PT. Telkom Kandatel East Surabaya. The data used in this study are primary data and Primary sekunder.Data obtained directly from interviews with management directly related to this study, while secondary data obtained from both sources other than primary data. Analysis data technique using decision theory, which is associated with the policy management in decision making.The results of the analysis in this study was obtained in the calculation of income tax article 21 methods covered employee / employer, income tax article 21 is not given in the form of benefits for employees, so that section 21 income tax paid can not be treated as expenses in calculating the lab / fiscal loss. Methods of tax allowances, income tax article 21 permanent employees paid by the company but granted in the form of income tax benefit of article 21, so it can be financed by the company in the calculation of the profit / loss fiscal. If this method raises margin Article 21 Income tax article 21 Income tax allowances that can reduce the take home pay of employees. So that income tax may be applied as a deduction in the calculation of the profit / loss tax gross-up method is used, whereby if the terms of the tax saving and take home pay is a better method

TIME, SPACE, AND SKILLS IN DESIGNING MIGRATION POLICY

AbstractThis paper proposes a multi-country model of international migration in which college-educated workers choose destination countries, preferred types of visas, and the optimal durations of stay. In this framework, I investigate the global implications of further development of the European Union (EU) program of preferential temporary visas for the highly skilled immigrants and compare them to the effects of income tax allowances for medium-term, college-educated, foreign workers. The two counterfactuals indicate a significant rise in the yearly inflows and total stocks of college-educated immigrants into the EU. The outcomes of the former policy are driven by a “visa-substitution” effect within the group of current migrants, while the latter scenario results in an increase in the pool of international migrants. Both policies induce a “destination–substitution” effect: losses of skilled migrants by non-EU states, which is reinforced by multilateral resistance to migration that is micro-founded in the model.

Were We Really All in it Together? The Distributional Effects of the 2010–15 UK Coalition Government's Tax‐benefit Policy Changes

AbstractThis article examines the distributional impacts of changes to benefits, tax credits, pensions and direct taxes between the UK general elections of May 2010 and May 2015. The changes did not have a common effect on all household incomes; nor did the direct tax‐benefit changes contribute to deficit reduction. Effectively, reductions in benefits and tax credits financed part of the direct taxes cuts, but the overall net fiscal cost increased pressure for cuts in other public services and increases in other (more regressive) taxes. The main gains were in the upper middle of the income distribution, and the main losers were at the bottom and those close to, but not at, the very top. Across most of the distribution the changes were regressive. By comparing with other analyses of policy changes in the same period, we illustrate the importance of analytical choices and assumptions for detailed conclusions on their distributional effects. We also show how some groups were clear losers or gained little on average – including lone parent families, large families and families with younger children. Others were gainers, including two‐earner couples, and those in their fifties and early sixties. The findings show that a dominant feature of the period was that the combination of higher tax‐free income tax allowances, financed by cuts in benefits and tax credits, was generally regressive. As this combination also lies at the heart of the proposed policies of the Conservative government since 2015, we would expect these effects to be intensified in the coming years.

THE REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE INCOME MAINTENANCE SCHEMES: A MICROSIMULATION STUDY USING SWISS DATA

Taking a benchmark scenario, the current situation in Switzerland, and using a microsimulation technique, we compare the effectiveness of various income maintenance schemes for reducing inequality and poverty. A full negative income tax allowance designed to eliminate poverty is shown to reduce income inequality most drastically. An integrated federal linear tax rate of 62 percent is required to make it viable. Aggregate work hours are reduced by approximately 10 percent and average disposable income falls by 9.3 percent under such circumstances. A participation income restricted to adults in employment and covering 50 percent of subsistence costs is however shown to result in an unambiguous social welfare improvement over the current situation in Switzerland.

The First Unified Budget What Should Mr. Clarke Do?

Mr. Clarke has the distinction of presenting the first Unified Budget, an innovation introduced by his predecessor. He does so against a subdued inflation outlook and a recovery from recession that has been proceeding since the first half of last year. But he is also aware that there are risks to this favourable outlook: European recession may slow growth, and there is the worry that underlying inflation may breach the Government's 4 per cent ceiling. III this Viewpoint, we argue that the Chancellor should go further that his predecessor in curbing public borrowing, aiming for a reduction of sonic £4‐5bn; this fiscal contraction could be accompanied by a further 0.5 per cent reduction in interest rates, or more if the recovery shows signs of faltering. A rebalancing of monetary and fiscal policy in this way reduces the risks associated with a high level of public borrowing, can help in reducing the excessive level of consumption (private and public) in the UK economy, and offers the best means of maintaining a competitive exchange rate without inflation. A curious feature of the first Unified Budget is that, having moved tax decisions to the autumn, the Chancellor appears to have ruled out further government spending cuts beyond those agreed by the Cabinet before the summer: with more favourable inflation arid the public sector pay limit, there would seem to be scope for a further reduction in the Control Total. On the revenue side, the Chancellor should seek to raise revenues in such a way that does not adversely affect incentives. Here he has several options: to extend the VAT net; to eliminate income tax allowances or reduce them to the 20p rate of tax; or to introduce new user charges. There is also the opportunity, one year on from the UK's exit from the ERM, to restate the basis for a sustainable macroeconomic framework. This should include a rebalancing of monetary and fiscal policy, and a move to enhance the powers of the Bank of England but with parliamentary accountability.

PUC's Use of Surtax Exemption is Fair

The Supreme Court of Rhode Island ruled that a Public Utility Commission's (PUC's) use of a surtax exemption in calculating the federal income tax allowance of a water company was not unfair or unreasonable to any of the parties involved.

United Kingdom Indexation of Personal Income Tax Allowances

United Kingdom Indexation of Personal Income Tax Allowances

Tax Policy and Tuition Credit Legislation: Federal Income Tax Allowances for Personal Costs of Higher Education

Tax Policy and Tuition Credit Legislation: Federal Income Tax Allowances for Personal Costs of Higher Education

Income-tax Allowances and the Family in Great Britain

Income-tax Allowances and the Family in Great Britain

Income Tax Allowances for Dependents

Income Tax Allowances for Dependents

REPLACEMENT OF CARS: INCOME TAX ALLOWANCE

REPLACEMENT OF CARS: INCOME TAX ALLOWANCE