Income Planning Research Articles

Economic mechanism of regulation in institutions of general secondary education

The presented paper analyzes the main components of the economic mechanism of development of general secondary education institutions and presents the main positive characteristics that can be obtained from its implementation. The purpose of the presented work is to consider the main components of the economic mechanism of regulation of general secondary education institutions and to determine the main components of their development.
 The development of general secondary education institutions is an important component of social development, as it provides opportunities for the younger generation to receive quality education. It was determined that the development of institutions of general secondary education includes the following components: improvement of the quality of education, development of institutions of general secondary education involves providing equal learning opportunities for all students, development of infrastructure, innovative approaches, development of partnership and cooperation, support of teachers and staff.
 The development of general secondary education institutions is an important component of social development, as it provides training and development of the younger generation. Implementation of the described aspects contributes to improving the quality of education, expanding access to education, developing infrastructure, implementing innovative approaches, developing partnerships and supporting teachers and staff.
 The economic mechanism for regulating the activities of institutions of general secondary education includes a set of measures and tools aimed at ensuring the effective functioning of these institutions and achieving the set goals. Development and implementation of the budget of general secondary education institutions is an important element of the economic mechanism. This includes planning of income and expenses, analysis of financial activities, control over the implementation of budget indicators and effective use of funds.
 The use of economic tools to stimulate efficiency in the work of institutions of general secondary education is an important aspect of the regulatory mechanism. This may include the establishment of performance indicators, a system of incentives for teachers and staff, as well as performance evaluation and analysis of indicators of the quality of education.
 The conclusions show that the effective use of the economic mechanism of regulation is an important aspect of the development of the institution of general secondary education. This contributes to improving the quality of education, attracting new students and supporting the development of the institution.

Comment on “Japan's Higher Education Policies under Global Challenges”

Comment on “Japan's Higher Education Policies under Global Challenges”

Оперативный бюджет денежных потоков как инструмент финансового планирования

As part of the planning process, economic entities form budgets, which are preceded by plans (sales, production, labor costs, cash flows, etc.). Budget planning of income and expenses, which was undeservedly abandoned during the transition to a market economy, has regained popularity in the business community. The main purpose is to save money, mobility in making decisions on their distribution, minimizing risks, increasing the verifiability and transparency of key planned indicators, etc. As a rule, budgets are drawn up for the current year, detailing by reporting periods is possible. There are different approaches to budgeting depending on the goals that the business is trying to achieve. In this study, using the example of compiling an operational budget for cash flows, the methodology for its formation was tested, which is based on the principle of controlling the expenditure of funds depending on income, which allows you to synchronize the actual expenditure with the proportion indicated in the cash flow plan.

PERANAN APBD SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KEMANDARIAN DAN KEMAMPUAN KEUANGAN KOTA MOJOKERTO TAHUN 2019

The Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) is the annual financial plan of regional governments in Indonesia which is approved by the Regional People's Representative Council, which contains income plans and expenditure plans during the working year. The development of the 2019 Mojokerto City Budget is good, experiencing an average increase starting from 2017 – 2019 in the Revenue budget of 6.64% and the Regional Budget of 3.97%. Expenditure Budget is 7.37%, Net Financing is 122.70% and SILPA is 208.22%, and Surplus is 13.16%.
 To measure the independence and financial capacity of the city of Mojokerto, there are several financial indicators used, namely 1) the Financial Effectiveness Ratio of the Autonomous Region is the Financial Effectiveness Ratio of the autonomous region, 2) Contribution of PAD to APBD, 3) Productivity/Contribution of Taxes and Levies to PAD, 4 ) PAD Growth Rate, 5) Regional Financial Independence Ratio, 6) Trend of Autonomous Regional Financial Independence 7) Fiscal Capacity Map for 2017-2019, 8) Regional Financial Capability and 9) Assessing Performance of Each Type of Tax/Retribution.
 From the results of the discussion, the prospect of Mojokerto City Regional Finance. Realization for PAD is very effective with the contribution of PAD to the APBD being moderate, apparently followed by PAD growth is also moderate, from this condition the regional financial capacity is in the "low" category, amounting to Rp. 254.77 billion below Rp. 300 billion. and the pattern of the relationship is “consultative”. In addition, the trend of low regional financial independence is indicated by the financial performance of the "prime" category of regional tax revenues, and "underdeveloped" regional retribution income.

Cost Burden Impacts Cancer Patient Service Utilization Behavior in a US Commercial Plan.

Objectives: The burden of affording high-cost medical treatment (eg, cancer therapy) may impact whether some patients choose to access other needed health services within US commercial plans. However, deferring needed care for a mental or behavioral health (M/BH) condition could result in preventable hospital utilization. This research investigates how income level and total out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) interact to influence the service utilization behavior of insured adult cancer patients with a comorbid M/BH diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective analysis was performed using medical service claims (July 2017-June 2018) and administrative data from eligible members of a large US commercial health benefits plan ( N =5,054). Nonparametric tests were used to examine variation in mean utilization by patient income level and OOPC decile. Negative binomial regression modeling was performed to analyze independent variable effects on count outcomes for outpatient behavioral visits and emergency department (ED) visits. Results: There was significant variation in patient service utilization by income level and total OOPC. Overall, as OOPC increased patients used less outpatient behavioral care ( p <.000). Compared to average and higher incomes, those with lower incomes (<$50,000/year) utilized significantly fewer outpatient visits ( p <.000) and significantly more ED visits ( p <.001) relative to increasing OOPC. Conclusions: The interaction of income level and OOPC (ie, cost burden) could inhibit patients' decision to access supportive behavioral care in the commercial plan. The cumulative cost burden from cancer treatment may promote underutilization of outpatient services and greater ED reliance, particularly among lower income plan members.

Implementation Paper on Identify Citizens Receiving Multiple Benefits Like Pension Under Different Schemes of the Central and State

Abstract: We build an effective, realistic retirement income plan for an individual investor. We propose real time frameworks with such mechanism that investor give some inputs such as number of investment instruments, income, and length of the time period before retirement using Modern Portfolio theory. This aim to develop a retirement framework using fundamentals of Modern Portfolio Theory as per investor’s needs on asset allocation assuming investor’s risk appetite reduces as investor ages in life and worries for real retirement income planning by comparing different statistical models scenarios. In each of the Scenarios we have 3 changing probability profile scenarios to allow for flexibility to the investor to withdraw from the portfolio for personal needs with increasing probability, decreasing probability and uniform probability of withdrawal throughout the portfolio investment time horizon. The results clearly reveal that there is no one best model for different investors as each investor is different with different objective functions. Keywords: Retirement, Social Securit, Modern Portfolio theory

The Role and Inner Workings of Variable Annuities with Guaranteed Lifetime Withdrawal Benefits in Retirement

A deferred variable annuity with a guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefit is a retirement tool that can support protected lifetime income without having to annuitize assets until the contract value of the annuity depletes. This tool is controversial, with critics labeling it as too high cost and too complex for practical use. However, these annuities can have uses in a retirement income plan. For retirees expressing preferences for market growth, strategy commitment, asset liquidity, and longevity risk aversion, the variable annuity with a living benefit may serve as a suitable source for a protected lifetime income floor. Thus, this article aims to explain more about these potential uses and provide an understanding about how the guarantees for variable annuities work. Details such as the benefit base, contract value, rollup rate, step-up opportunities, and guaranteed withdrawal rates are explored to provide readers with a better sense of how to assess available variable annuity options and when they may be appropriate for a client.

What are the Three Paradigms of Retirement Income Planning?

There exists a semi-hidden and little researched connection between planning and software programming that supports that planning, as well as little research into the connection to planning and programming related to the paradigm that exists underlying those connections. This paper discusses the paradigms of retirement income planning from past, to present, and observations to advance the planning profession and research into the future. The profession, researchers, and software programmers have transitioned from the first to the second paradigm and has yet to visualize the third paradigm to make that paradigm shift. Retirees continue to age year by year, but each cohort has a different distribution period due to the ever-decreasing time remaining in longevity tables as they age. There is not a universal retiree (as implied by current research using a single distribution time period with a single allocation; or at best two or three time periods and allocations). Instead, there exist many retirees with many different allocations and many remaining distributions time periods. Thus, one rule of thumb approach e.g., the 4% rule (or any drawdown rate) with inflation applied thereafter, or one Monte Carlo simulation, can't apply to all allocations plus all time periods at the same time because of those different ages with correlating shorter or longer remaining longevity for income drawdown. Therefore, research to date has been narrowly focused, which unintentionally leads to a narrowly applied approach for practitioners as well. Frank 2022a introduced how to model retiree drawdowns through a method that applies to any retiree at any age and subsequently over each retiree's remaining lifetime by cohort ages.

What are the Three Paradigms of Retirement Income Planning?

What are the Three Paradigms of Retirement Income Planning?

Retirement income beliefs and financial advice seeking behaviors

This investigation identifies and validates a series of salient behavioral finance and psychological constructs that influence retirement income planning. We show how these scales relate to each other as well as retirement income concerns and investment behaviors. We also describe how four invest- ment personas can be linked with the Advisor Usefulness and Retirement Income Self-Efficacy scales to successfully identify preferred financial implementation methods. This can assist individu- als in more readily recognizing their relative strengths and weaknesses when implementing a retire- ment income strategy, and financial professionals can present advice in a manner that addresses a client’s concerns and preferred implementation.

Application of the Concept of Asset and Liability Management (ALMA) in the Islamic Banking System

This study discusses the application of the concept of asset and liability management (ALMA) in the banking system. The method used in this research is library research with a qualitative approach, where the data are obtained from books, journals, articles and the like that discuss the theme. After that, it was validated, and analyzed descriptively. The results of this study are: Application of Asset and Liability Management in banking institutions, both Islamic banks and conventional banks must go through an assessment of the budget, make income plans, evaluate investment performance in the past, unify the distribution of bank assets and liabilities and implement asset and financial strategies obligation

Rencana Pendapatan Belanja Pendidikan

This article was written in order to construct the concept of an education expenditure income plan. The type of writing in the article is qualitative research using library research with content analysis method as a data analysis tool. The description of the results of this article is an activity or project that contains details of expenses for a certain period so that existing institutions can be used optimally to support the achievement of education.

Pension Plans in Spain. Profitability Analysis

This article analyses Spanish pension plans, which have had growing trend over the last years. They are considered a complement to the public pensions offered by the social security system, and many companies, especially large ones, set up pension plans for their employees as a measure of corporate social responsibility. The aim of this paper is to describe the pension plan system in Spain and analyse its profitability. For this purpose, the study has focused on the plans offered by financial institutions listed on the IBEX35 in 2022 since they are the most important and, as they have similar characteristics, we avoid comparative bias. The study covers the 5-year period from 2017 to 2021 and analyses the pension plan profitability from different points of view: according to the category of the plan, the management entity and the analysis of the average profitability of each category of the different entities. The results show that equities, mixed equities and mixed fixed income plans, in this order, are the most numerous.They are also the ones that have generated the highest profitability in recent years,in general terms. However,guaranteed income plans are the most stable overtime.Moreover,it is observed that results are similar in the different management companies analised.

Pension plans in Spain. Profitability analysis

This article analyses Spanish pension plans, which have had growing trend over the last years. They are considereda complement to the public pensions offered by the social security system, and many companies, especially largeones, set up pension plans for their employees as a measure of corporate social responsibility. The aim of thispaper is to describe the pension plan system in Spain and analyze its profitability. For this purpose, the study hasfocused on the plans offered by financial institutions listed on the IBEX35 in 2022 since they are the most importantand, as they have similar characteristics, we avoid comparative bias. The study covers the 5-year period from 2017to 2021 and analyses the pension plan profitability from different points of view: according to the category of theplan, the management entity and the analysis of the average profitability of each category of the different entities.The results show that equities, mixed equities and mixed fixed income plans, in this order, are the most numerous.They are also the ones that have generated the highest profitability in recent years, in general terms. However,guaranteed income plans are the most stable over time. Moreover, it is observed that results are similar in thedifferent management companies analyzed.

Человеческий капитал нового арктического региона в условиях реализации преференциального режима предпринимательской деятельности

Managing the development of the Arctic macro-region faces a set of external and internal challenges to its development. One of the key ones is the growing discrepancy between the characteristics of existing human capital, current conditions of its reproduction and the future needs of the economy of the Russian Arctic, reflected in strategic and policy documents. The purpose of this study is to identify qualitative and quantitative aspects of human capital reproduction in the new Arctic region – the Karelian Arctic. This region requires research in the context of the new economic and administrative realities of its development. A comprehensive economic and sociological toolkit was used, which included a questionnaire survey of the population (n = 1102). The results of the study show generally negative trends in the reproduction of human capital in the Karelian Arctic. Generally unfavorable, although spatially differentiated, are the conditions of the environment in which this reproduction takes place. The quintessence of its condition is the narrow perceived horizon of income planning by individuals, as well as the locally pronounced mismatch between the education received and the work performed. The most important measure seems to be the revision of educational programs in educational institutions of the Arctic regions in the direction of meeting the needs of promising projects of residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

What are the Three Paradigms of Retirement Income Planning?

What are the Three Paradigms of Retirement Income Planning?

Fee for issuing alcoholic beverages for sale in the municipalities of the Kielce poviat

Purpose of the study: The aim of the article is an analysis of revenues for fees for permits for the sale of alcoholic beverages in the own income of municipalities of the Kielce poviat in 2018-2020. It is to enable the answer to be given about the role of the fee for issuing a permit for the sale of alcohol in the incomes of municipalities' own.&#x0D; Methodology: The work was based on the analysis of RB 27S reports on the implementation of the budget income plan of the surveyed municipalities, analysis of internal materials of these units, normative acts and the Local Data Bank&#x0D; Main findings: The data presented in the paper shows that the share of revenues from fees for the permit to sell alcohol in own income does not exceed 1.7% and has a downward trend. However, the actual revenue from the levy shows slight fluctuations over the period considered. Moreover, it does not matter whether we are dealing with a rural or an urban-rural commune.&#x0D; Application of the study: The following study concerns an important aspect of financing the activities of municipalities. Taxes and fees are the most important revenues in budgets. Each decision of the local government authorities has an impact on the level of income. It may lead to a lack of funds for the implementation of own tasks. The year 2021 may be interesting in terms of income from the fee under study due to the possibility of applying a fee exemption or postponing its payment resulting from the provisions of the Act of March 2, 2020 on special solutions related to the prevention, prevention and combating of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and the resulting crises. It is not an easy decision, because such action reduces the revenues to the commune's budget. Due to the fact that for the implementation of tasks for which the funds from the fee were provided, it will have to be financed with other income.&#x0D; Originality/Novelty of the study: The importance of the financial stability of local government units is an extremely important topic. Topics related to budget planning are essential for the long-term balancing of the demand for funds reported by local governments in relation to the efficiency of funds left at the disposal of local authorities. As a consequence, the subject of the study was the analysis of the dynamics and structure of local authorities' income from the point of view of the selected source of income. The article can inspire further research in the field of local government finance and contribute to other interesting scientific studies.

Financial income planning at the community pharmacy based on financial flows and morbidity data

Introduction : Financial planning is one of the main ways to manage a company. As a health facility, the pharmacy should combine planning with necessity of medicines nomenclature, and availability of medicines service and care. One of the most important parameters in the planning process id forecasting the financial income of the entity. Its aim is to ensure the proper tracking of future cash flow, based on only income parameters of the community pharmacy, without taking into account the specifics of the work environment. Materials and Methods: All the provided data has been collected from a pharmacy in the period 2016 to 2020. The financial income of the pharmacy has been comparted to acute infectious diseases morbidity for the same period. We used descriptive statistics for calculating the share distribution of indicators, graphic and tabular analysis. The charts are built in Excel. Results : In the months January – April, for the period 2016 – 2019, there are opportunities to apply the economic methods for financial planning of the incomes. The financial parameters for 2020 can’t be predicted by any of the financial methods, because of the frequency changes and the proceeds for short amount of time. There are ways to predict the financial income for all of the analyzed periods, except 2020, because of the situation with Covid. While tracking the number of sick patients and comparing those figures to the movement in the cash flow, an observation could be made that there is no apparent dependency between both of these parameter.

Strategi Perencanaan Pajak (Tax Planning) dalam Efisiensi Pajak Penghasilan Badan pada PT. EPM

This writing aims to find out whether PT EPM has previously implemented tax planning of income owed to its company, know the income tax planning strategy that can be applied to PT EPM, and know the influence when implementing tax planning (tax planning) of PT EPM income. Primary data used in the form of interviews is to get company information that is not listed in the form of documents, then secondary data used in the form of income / loss statements and annual tax returns of PT EPM Agency in 2019. Data analysis methods use quantitative and qualitative methods based on numbers and things that happen within the company. Based on the results and discussions known PT EPM has never implemented income tax planning owed by the agency so that the author provides input on income tax planning strategies that can be applied by PT EPM which can then be known influence on the implementation of income tax planning strategy (tax planning) on PT EPM.

The association between a history of anxiety or depression and utilization of diagnostic imaging.

ObjectiveWhile prior research shows that mental illness is associated with lower utilization of screening imaging, little is known about how mental illness impacts use of diagnostic imaging, other than for screening. This study explores the association between a history of anxiety or depression in the prior year and utilization of diagnostic imaging.MethodsCommercial and Medicare Advantage health plan claims from 2017 and 2018 from patients with plans from one national organization were extracted. Exclusions were made for patients without continuous plan enrollment. History of anxiety or depression was determined using 2017 claims, and downstream diagnostic imaging was determined using 2018 claims. Univariate associations were assessed with Chi-square tests. A matched sample was created using Coarsened Exact Matching, with history of mental illness serving as the treatment variable. Logistic regressions were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios, before and after matching, controlling for age, sex, urbanicity, local income, comorbidities, claims history, region, and health plan characteristics. Associations between mental illness and chest imaging, neuroimaging, and emergency department imaging were also evaluated.ResultsThe sample included 2,381,851 patients before matching. Imaging was significantly more likely for patients with a history of anxiety (71.1% vs. 55.7%, P < .001) and depression (73.2% vs. 55.3%, P < .001). The adjusted odds of any imaging were 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.26) for patients with a history of anxiety, and 1.43 (CI: 1.41–1.45) for patients with a history of depression before matching, and 1.18 (CI: 1.16–1.20) for a history of anxiety and 1.33 (CI: 1.32–1.35) for a history of depression after matching. Adjusted analyses found significant, positive associations between mental illness and chest imaging, neuroimaging, and emergency department imaging both before and after matching.DiscussionIn contrast to prior findings on screening, anxiety and depression were associated with greater likelihood of diagnostic imaging within the population studied.