Income For Inhabitants Research Articles

Zmiany zaludnienia obszarów wiejskich w Polsce a ich poziom rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego = Changes in population in rural areas of Poland as set against their levels of socio-economic development

Recently in Poland there has been an intensive process of transforming the economic structure of rural areas, which manifests itself, inter alia, in changing the occupational structure of its inhabitants. Development of non-agricultural ways of farming in rural areas leads to creation of rural areas of multifunctional character, with population growth, where the role of agriculture as a source of income of inhabitants is decreasing. On the other hand, in the marginal areas, with still dominant agricultural function, there is a significant population loss. One of the effects of the observed process are changes in rural settlements. The aim of the presented research is to deepen the existing knowledge on the evolution of spatial distribution of rural population depending on the level of socio-economic development of the region and structural features of the level achieved. The authors used research conducted within the framework of monitoring rural development in Poland. They compared them with the statistical database of the Central Statistical Office, which made it possible to distinguish growing and depopulating villages. The results of the study confirmed that the spatial differentiation of population in rural areas undergoes constant evolution and its effect is a decrease of population in areas located far from larger cities and an increase in suburban areas.

Mechanisms explaining the birthplace effect for male elite football players

ABSTRACT Earlier research shows that wide regional variations exist in the success of athletes’ talent development but is divided with respect to the role of urbanity: both low and high urbanity have been identified as settings that contribute to the presence of talent hotspots. In this article, we intend to provide more insight into the role of urbanity in talent development in Dutch football. We used public data on the regional background of male elite players (N = 825) and combined this with public data on municipal characteristics from Statistics Netherlands and other sources: urbanity, football participation, instructional resources and population composition effects (migration background and income of inhabitants). Linear regression analysis showed that football participation, the proportion of non-western migrants and median income predict “talent yield”, i.e., the proportion of young people that reach an elite level in a municipality. Urbanity does not have an independent influence when the proportion of non-western migrants in the municipality is taken into account. The presence of instructional resources does not have an independent influence. The results suggest that characteristics of the built environment, such as indoor and outdoor play opportunities, may be less influential in talent development than previously assumed.

Work and Sources of Income of Inhabitants of Wrocław in the Years 1956–1970 in the Light of Classified Advertisements Placed in Słowo Polskie

Abstract The article analyses a group of classified advertisements placed in the Lower Silesian daily Słowo Polskie in the years 1956–1970 that referred to jobs and alternative sources of income of inhabitants of Wrocław. Classified advertisements of the Gomulka period have become the mirror of social problems and methods of survival in those hard times. Based on them, we can reconstruct everyday life in the People’s Republic of Poland. Classified advertisements reflect numerous processes that took place in the Polish society after the period of post-war chaos and Stalinist regime. They show increasing consumer aspirations, decreased level of fear in the society and various faces of the so-called “small stabilization.”

Study into predicted efficiency of the application of hybrid solar collectors to supply energy to multi-apartment buildings

This paper reports a study into efficiency of the application of hybrid solar collectors, which can simultaneously generate both electricity and thermal energy to supply power to multi-storey buildings. The novelty of the work is that efficiency was predicted taking into consideration the dynamics over recent years and by extrapolating trends in prices up to the year2045 inthe market of renewable energy, in contrast to existing approaches that disregard their likely change over the considered period. The results of calculations were used to model a predicted market value of the equipment, taking into consideration a reduction in its price due to the improved technology for manufacturing the collectors, their installation, and operating costs, over a specified period. In this case, the dynamics in the «basic» and «green» tariffs for solar electric and thermal energy were considered. Values for the coefficients of determination have confirmed sufficient adequacy of the derived models. An example has been provided for determining the electric and thermal loading on a multi-apartment building equipped with gas stoves; the proper equipment for a hybrid solar collector has been selected. The structures and procedures have been proposed for connecting a hybrid collector to the systems the supply electricity and heat to the building. The collector’s modules the type of ATMOSFERA F2PV are arranged at the roof of the building, whose electric components are connected, through an inverter, to the inlet-distributor device in a building or to the low-voltage buses at a power substation with a voltage of 10/0.4 kV, which powers the building. A heat-carrier is fed from the collector, through storage capacities, to a thermal unit into the system of hot water supply and heating of the building. The obtained results of the study have made it possible to predict a probable energy efficiency (the amount of saved conventional fuel), economic (net discounted profit) and environmental efficiency (reduction in emissions that contribute to the global climate warming). The payback period has been determined by consistent calculation of net income for each year over the entire period of realization of investments provided the specified trend in market prices does not change. The paper presents the results from calculating the magnitude of investments and income for inhabitants per each apartment in the building from the implementation of the investment project.

ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITIES FOR PLACEMENT OF POPULATION’S MONEY

The income of inhabitants can be not only consumed but also deposited or diverted to investments which can be made by using one or several money placement possibilities. This article deals with four money placement possibilities: deposits offered by banks, transactions with financial instruments, financing platforms and transactions with cryptocurrency. During the research was investigated how to calculate the amount of the provisional income, thus clarifying which placement possibilities are worth to choose for getting the maximum benefit in the future. The provisional amount of the income depends on the influence of the several factors; if an investor foresees them he will get the maximum level of the benefit in the future.

Economic and welfare influences of an energy excise tax in Jiangsu province of China: A computable general equilibrium approach

In recent years, although China's energy intensity has gradually decreased, the total consumption of energy commodities has increased sharply. Levying an excise tax on energy commodities is one of the keys to control energy consumption. This paper constructed a Computable General Equilibrium model to simulate levying an energy excise tax in Jiangsu province, which is one of China's strong economic provinces with lower endowments of energy resources. The results show that the energy excise tax is beneficial for energy saving, while levying energy will cause economic and welfare declines. When at a level tax rate of 5%, 10%, and 15%, the loss of GDP will reach 0.27%, 0.66%, and 1.13% respectively, and the incomes of inhabitants and enterprises alike will decrease. When the energy tax revenue used to compensate for the welfare losses suffered by inhabitants or enterprises, there is a double dividend effect (energy saving and increasing income). Moreover, the simulation indicated that a 5% improvement of energy efficiency brings about a “backfire” phenomenon, with an increase of 142% in energy consumption. However, when considering the cost of energy-efficiency improvements, the rebound effect will be significantly decreased. Policy suggestions are further recommended to help improve the energy policy in regard to reducing energy consumption.

Building Blocks of Knowledge on integrated care for professionals in neigborhood teams

Introduction: In 2015 there has been a radical change in the Netherlands in legislation on long term health care. Municipalities became responsible for finance and organization of almost all health care, social care and support in work and income. In 2016 National Centers of Expertise Vilans, Movisie, NJI, NCJ brought their expertise together in the national program “Integraal werken in de wijk” integrated working on neighborhood level. The program supports municipalities and professionals in the implementation of integrated health and social care on neighborhood level. In the program communities, professionals, citizens and informal caregivers are working together intensively. https://www.integraalwerkenindewijk.nl/ In march 2017 the program published a research on the first experience of policy makers of municipalities with the organization of local integrated care. https://www.integraalwerkenindewijk.nl/publicaties “Organisatievormen en positionering van wijkteams: overwegingen en ervaringen van gemeenten in beeld maart 2017” In 2014, 2015 and 2017 Movisie, NJI and Vilans did research in 62% of the Dutch municipalities on the organization of local integrated care. The 2017 survey will be presented in January 2018. It shows the most recent development in local integrated care in Dutch municipalities and the dilemmas they are facing. https://www.movisie.nl/publicaties/sociale-wijkteams-beeld Description of policy context and objective: Most municipalities chose new forms of organization: generalist integrated care teams in which specialized health care and social professionals work together for all inhabitants in a neighborhood or village. One of the dilemmas for municipalities is how to enable specialized health care workers to work as generalists. What expertise do you need as a generalist worker? How do you keep up your own expertise and learn about new fields of expertise? The national program “Integrated working on neighborhood level” developed ‘Building blocks of Knowledge for integrated care in communities’ for generalist workers, together with the professionals. https://www.integraalwerkenindewijk.nl/publicaties Kennisbouwstenen voor professionals die integraal werken in de wijk november 2017 Targeted population: Health care and social care professionals working in integrated care teams in neighborhoods and villages. Highlights: The building blocks provide professionals the full scope of knowledge on life areas eg metal health, safety, income of inhabitants as well as knowledge of specific populations eg elderly, migrants, LHTB. It helps professionals to find out what is general basic knowledge, basic knowledge specific for the life area and specialist knowledge. The building blocks were developed with and tested by professionals in neighborhood teams. Comments on transferability: The Building Blocks are available as a clickable pdf for all professionals. The national program provides in an update next year and helps teams with implementation of the Building Blocks in daily work. It also helps new team members to find out what they need to develop training program. Conclusions: Specialized professionals who start to work in integrated teams as generalist can be uncertain of the knowledge they need when working with all kinds of inhabitants. Finding out what knowledge is needed and relevant for their work brings certainty and provides better integrated care for inhabitants.

Społeczne i gospodarcze aspekty rozwoju turystyki narciarskiej

Rozwój ośrodków narciarskich jest najważniejszym czynnikiem rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego niektórych krajów i regionów górskich. Przyczynia się do wzrostu demograficznego oraz poprawy jakości usług i infrastruktury w miejscowościach górskich, jest ważnym źródłem zatrudnienia i dochodów mieszkańców, a także kreuje tzw. psychologiczną stabilność osób zamieszkujących te tereny. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie, na podstawie danych uzyskanych z Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS, wpływu rozwoju ośrodków narciarskich na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy 16 gmin, na terenie których leżą największe stacje narciarskie polskich Karpat. Pod względem społecznym i gospodarczym badane gminy są znacznie zróżnicowane. Przejawia się to m.in. w saldzie migracji, poziomie bezrobocia i przedsiębiorczości, a także w strukturze podmiotów gospodarczych. W zdecydowanie najkorzystniejszej sytuacji znajdują się te gminy, w których turystyka narciarska odgrywa istotną rolę w strukturze ich funkcji turystycznej. Są to przede wszystkim gminy położone w Beskidzie Śląskim i na Podhalu. Charakteryzują się one przeważnie dodatnim saldem migracji, niższym poziomem bezrobocia niż średni poziom dla Polski i wyższym od średniego poziomem przedsiębiorczości. Odwrotne cechy wykazują natomiast gminy słabiej zagospodarowane dla narciarstwa, leżące w Beskidzie Żywieckim, Beskidzie Sądeckim, Pieninach i Bieszczadach.

Second Homes in the Alpine Region of Yugoslavia

The development of second homes that are occupied only seasonally or for periods of leisure is not an unusual phenomenon in countries with a socialistic form of government. In 1981 there were 332,800 second homes in Yugoslavia and they represent an important component of the cultural landscape, especially in the Slovenian Alps where the income of inhabitants is five times higher than the national average. Many of these new homes are in the traditional resort areas but holiday homes are also expanding into what were formerly small agricultural villages. This paper outlines some significant results of a statistical study of the distribution of second homes and discusses changes brought about during the last twenty years.