Income In Indonesia Research Articles

Review of the tourist industry's role in Indonesia's GDP growth

This research was conducted to know the development of the tourism sector in Indonesia in recent years and to find out how much the tourism sector contributes to national income in Indonesia. The type of research used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The kind of data used in this research is secondary data. The secondary data is recorded systematically in the form of time series data. This research used data on the number of domestic tourist visits, the number of foreign visits, and the tourism sector's contribution to Indonesia's GDP from 1999-2022. Data sources are a means of finding the required data. Data from official publications is obtained based on information compiled and published by certain agencies, namely the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and other agencies. The findings in this research are that state revenues from the tourism sector are starting to improve as the pandemic ends. Several travel restrictions have begun to be removed so that the tourism sector has already started to provide income for the country through all its economic activities. The tourism sector's contribution to the Indonesian economy is still minimal. In the last 3 years, tourism has contributed no more than 2% of Indonesia's total Gross Domestic Product.

Analisis Dampak Perusahaan Samsung Terhadap Pendapatan Nasional Di Indonesia

This research analyzes the impact of the multinational company Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Against national income in Indonesia. Using secondary research methods, data from various sources, including the Central Statistics Agency, Samsung’s financial reports, market studies,and previous academic research, was analyzed to understand Samsung’s contribution to the Indonesian economy. The analysis results show that Samsung’s presence has made a significant contribution to Indonesia’s economic growth through foreign direct investment, jobcreation, increased exports and tax contributions. Apart from that, positive impacts are also felt through the development of supporting industries, increasing human resource capacity, and support for the MSME sector. However, it is also necessary to pay attention to negative impacts such as unhealthy competition and the potential for market domination. Therefore, appropriate regulatory and supervisory measures are needed to maximize the positive impact and minimize the negative impact of Samsung’s presence. Overall, Samsung’s role in driving the Indonesian economy to wards more advanced and sustainable grow this very significant. Collaboration between companies, government and society needs to be improved to ensure the benefits are felt fairly and sustainably.

Do Tax Rates Encourage Profit Shifts By Multinational Companies In Indonesia?

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies have experienced a decline in financial performance which has the potential to cause financial difficulties. While the government has provided stimulus to help, there are concerns about increasing tax avoidance efforts and profit-shifting practices with businesses transitioning to digital models. However, there is a view that companies may prefer ethical behavior to safeguard their reputation in the midst of a crisis. This study analyses profit-shifting behaviour by multinational companies in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing primarily on the effect of differences in Indonesia's income tax rates on average rates in countries where the group of companies operates. Descriptive analysis is used in this study to provide an overview and general information about the data obtained in the field which is a research variable and will be used as analysis material to answer research questions. The research sample involved 163 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and met certain criteria, such as the calculation of corporate income tax according to the Income Tax Law and the exclusion of certain sectors. Data was analyzed for the period 2017-2022, covering the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as changes in tax rates in Indonesia. The results show that the difference in Indonesia's corporate income tax rate with the average tax rate in the country where multinational companies operate has a negative and significant effect on profit before tax.

INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF COASTAL SOCIETY IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI

The goal of this study was to discover the information-seeking behaviour of coastal communities in Southeast Sulawesi, which has the second highest marine catch (fish) income in Indonesia, despite the fact that the majority of its territory is made up of oceans, but the people's income is still low and less prosperous, as evidenced by the export value of marine catches still falling under East Java, Jakarta, and South Sulawesi. The data for this study were collected from 105 respondents who used a quantitative technique to fill out a list of information seeking behaviour, while 10 respondents used a qualitative approach, namely in-depth interviews about the hurdles experienced when seeking information. According to the findings of this study, the information seeking behaviour of coastal populations in Southeast Sulawesi is still manual, that is, they still use experiences and feelings by 45.8% of the time, and the barriers they confront in obtaining information are related to technology by 29.1% of the time. The outcomes of the study are directly related to the income obtained by the coastal villages of Southeast Sulawesi, which is still poor and less prosperous

Analysis of the Impact of Increased Prices of Basic Necessities on Per Capita Income in Indonesia: A Review from a Domestic Economic Perspective

The increase in prices of basic necessities has a significant impact on a country's per capita income. This research aims to analyze the impact of rising prices of basic necessities on per capita income in Indonesia, with an emphasis on the domestic economic perspective. The panel data regression analysis method is used to evaluate the relationship between increases in prices of basic necessities and per capita income, by controlling for various other economic and demographic factors. The research results show that the increase in prices of basic necessities has a real influence on per capita income in Indonesia. A decrease in purchasing power due to an increase in the price of basic necessities can reduce the real income of individuals and families, which in turn affects overall per capita income. The impact is felt especially among households with low income levels.
 Other factors such as inflation, economic growth and government policies also play a role in determining the impact of rising prices of basic necessities on per capita income. Therefore, there is a need for appropriate policies to effectively manage rising prices of basic necessities, including steps to control inflation, strengthen the social protection system, and increase economic productivity. In conclusion, the increase in prices of basic necessities has significant implications for per capita income in Indonesia. A holistic and sustainable approach is needed in formulating economic policies that can overcome these challenges, taking into account various external and internal factors that influence domestic economic dynamics.

Analisis Pengaruh Investasi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Dan Konsumsi Terhadap Pendapatan Perkapita Di Indonesia

This research aims to determine the influence of investment, economic growth, and consumption on per capita income in Indonesia from 1990-2022. The research method used is quantitative research using time series data. The data used in this research was obtained from the World Bank. The variables used in the analysis are investment, economic growth, and consumption. The software used to carry out the study is E-views 12. The research results show that the investment variable has a positive and significant effect on per capita income, and the economic growth variable has a positive and significant impact on per capita income. The consumption variable has a negative and significant effect on per capita income.

Analysis of the Impact of Increased Prices of Basic Necessities on Per Capita Income in Indonesia: A Review from a Domestic Economic Perspective

Analysis of the Impact of Increased Prices of Basic Necessities on Per Capita Income in Indonesia: A Review from a Domestic Economic Perspective

ROLE OF THE PASAI SAMUDRA KINGDOM COMPLEX TOURISM OBJECT TOWARDS INCREASING TRADERS' INCOME

The tourism sector is currently one of the sectors that has great potential to increase regional income in Indonesia. However, there are still many areas with tourism potential that are not developed and even tend to be neglected. This is certainly not in accordance with one of the regional government's plans for developing tourist villages. and also the Cultural and Tourism Development Policy instructed by the President Number 16 of 2005. The Samudra Pasai royal complex tourist attraction is located in two locations, namely in Gampong Beuringen and in Gampong Kuta Kareng which is one of the mainstay religious tourist attractions in North Aceh district. This research is qualitative research using descriptive analysis to explain the role of tourist attractions in increasing the income of traders in the surrounding area. Data collection was carried out by interviewing informants from the North Aceh Culture Service, the Samudra Pasai Kingdom Tourism Object Manager, Village Heads and traders. This research provides results that the Samudra Pasai Royal Complex tourist attraction has not provided a maximum role in increasing traders' income.

The Effect of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion on Income Inequality in Indonesia

Income inequality is an economic phenomenon that has an impact on economic instability and the welfare of society. Indonesia's income inequality has not significantly improved or changed much from previous years. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy and financial inclusion on income inequality in Indonesia. The type of research used in this study is quantitative research. The data used is panel data of 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2016, 2019, and 2022. The analysis method used is Panel Data Regression using the Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The results show that (1) financial literacy does not affect income inequality in Indonesia; (2) financial inclusion does not affect income inequality in Indonesia; (3) poverty has a significant positive effect on income inequality in Indonesia; and (4) wages has a significant negative effect on income inequality in Indonesia. Suggestions in this study: Financial institutions should start expanding the target of introducing new and existing products to increase public understanding and confidence, especially among the lower middle class. In addition, government intervention must be carried out massively and aggressively so that a general understanding of finance increases.

Conflict of interests in declaring state/regional loss of tax income in Indonesia

Empirical and juridical gaps exist in fulfilling the element of loss in state/regional (of income) as referred to in the law in Indonesia. This study aims to address two existing issues. First, to point out the illegal practices by DJP in declaring losses to state/regional (of income) in Indonesia's taxation field. Second, to suggest or offer a legal concept regarding the competent agency's constitutional authority in declaring losses to the state/regional (of income) in Indonesia's taxation field. Two conclusions are drawn based on a normative legal study using the theory of checks and balances. First, the calculation of losses on state/regional (of income) in the field of taxation does not comply with the mandate of the constitution, namely independent, accountable, and transparent because there are no applicable tax laws and regulations to regulate procedures and experts who calculate losses on state/regional (of income) areas in the field of taxation in Indonesia. Second, because losses to the state/regional (income) in the field of taxation are part of state finances, and to align with the principle of checks and balances, the constitutional authority of the competent agency in declaring it is The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK). Therefore, referring to BPK's authority to declare losses in state/regional (income) in Indonesian taxation is recommended.

Analisis Capital Expenditure, Foreign Independent Directors, dan Manajemen Risiko Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

Indonesia, known as the country with the largest natural resource potential in the world, especially in the energy sector, is an important contributor to Non-Tax State Revenue. The main source of this income in Indonesia comes from the energy sector, especially the oil and gas and mining sub-sectors. In this context, it is very important for companies that manage energy resources to increase their value, so that they can continue to carry out research and development related to these resources. This research aims to examine and show the influence of capital expenditure, foreign independent directors, and risk management on the value of companies operating in the oil and gas and mineral and coal sub-sector in Indonesia, which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2016-2020 period. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods, with multiple linear regression analysis as the analysis technique. The sample selection method used was purposive sampling, with a total of 95 samples. The research results show that capital expenditure and risk management have a significant effect on company value. However, foreign independent directors do not have a significant influence on firm value. The implication of this research is that companies can increase investment in capital assets and implement risk

Pengaruh Upah Minimum Dan Pengeluaran Mikro Terhadap Pendapatan Daerah Di Indonesia

The minimum wage is very effective as a tool to reduce income inequality. Apart from limiting the minimum wage in general, this policy also has an effect on increasing income and plays an important role in overcoming income gaps. Apart from the minimum wage, micro-spending also influences income inequality. This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of minimum wages and micro expenditure on regional income in Indonesia. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The data used is secondary data for 1 period, namely 2022, obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The variables used are Regional Income (Y), Minimum Wage (X1), Micro Expenditures (X2). The classic assumption test uses the SPSS for Windows version 25 program. The estimation results show that the provincial Minimum wages affect poverty in Indonesia, education affects poverty in Indonesia, and health affects poverty in Indonesia. Local minimum wages, education, and health influence poverty in Indonesia.

Pengaruh Lokasi dan Fasilitas Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung di Pantai Pasir Putih Tampora Kecamatan Banyuglugur Kabupten Situbondo

Indonesia is a country consisting of land and sea that stretches from Sabang to Merauke and has a very beautiful natural charm and is suitable for tourism. The tourism sector plays an important role in economic growth. This is in the sense that tourism is one of the industrial sectors that plays a role in increasing income in Indonesia. The research method uses quantitative procedures. This study aims to determine the effect of location and facilities on visiting decisions at Pasir Putih Tampora Beach, Banyuglugur District, Situbondo Regency. Collecting samples using non-probability sampling by taking accidental sampling as respondents. There are 98 tourists who have visited tourist objects as accidental sampling respondents. Then the data were analyzed using the PLS (Partial Least Square) procedure. Therefore, this study found that the location and facilities contributed to the decision to visit the Tampora White Sand Beach, Banyuglugur District, Situbondo Regency.

Impact evaluation of cooperative membership on welfare: Evidence from captured fishery households in Indonesia

Two challenges faced by fishers are access to loans and markets. They typically seek loans to fulfill their daily needs and invest in fishing equipment to mitigate their income instability. However, their access to credit from formal institutions is often constrained by limited or unavailability of collateral. In terms of market access, some fishers cannot be physically present in the market because their fishing schedule does not align with the operational schedule of the fish market. Furthermore, they tend to live far from the markets, so they often find it difficult to sell their catch in the markets directly. Many fishers worldwide join cooperatives to mitigate uncertainty and boost income. Cooperatives are designed to provide stable fish markets, fair prices, credit, fishing tools, and market information. This study aims to evaluate the impact of cooperative membership on households' income in Indonesia's capture fisheries sector. The analysis employs a quasi-experimental method with a cross-sectional design using survey data on household income in the agricultural sector collected by Statistics Indonesia (BPS) in 2013. The dataset comprises 28,727 capture fisheries households spread across 33 provinces. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method was used to construct a control group by identifying similarities in observed characteristics. The results affirm that cooperative membership has a positive and significant impact on the household income of the capture fisheries sector in Indonesia. Being a cooperative member increases households’ income, thereby improving their living standards. These findings underscore the significance of policymaking that supports cooperative associations as they help improve fishers’ livelihoods and sustainability.

Profit Management, Capital Intensity, Gender Diversity, On Tax Avoidance with Corporate Sustainability as An Intervening Variable

The highest income in Indonesia comes from tax revenue. High and low tax revenues will determine the state budget in financing public expenditures. So awareness is needed for taxpayers or entities to pay their tax obligations. The purpose of the study is to empirically prove or analyze the effect of profit management on tax avoidance. This research uses quantitative methods, namely research procedures that produce data in the form of numbers and are generally analyzed using descriptive statistics with the source of data taken in this study is secondary data. The results of hypothesis testing in table 4 show that the t-Statistic value is 4.393073, while the prob. From profit management is 0.0000 which means 0.0000 < 0.05 indicates that profit management variables affect tax avoidance. The conclusions obtained are based on phenomena, problem formulations, hypotheses and research results conducted on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2021 period, it can be concluded that simultaneously the variable of profit management has a positive effect on tax avoidance.

Model Penawaran Dan Permintaan Bawang Putih Indonesia: Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik

There is a reasonably high gap between the ability to supply garlic and demand that requires the government to carry out a garlic import policy to meet domestic needs. The high dependency on imported garlic supplies has caused garlic imports to increase. This study aims to analyze the supply and demand model for garlic and formulate policy recommendations regarding the supply and demand for Indonesian garlic using system dynamics model approach. The model in this study is simulated for the next 12 years (2022-2033). Based on the model simulation results, in the base conditions (before the scenario was implemented), the behavior pattern of garlic availability was goal-seeking. At the same time, demand had an exponential growth behavior pattern, and supply had an increasing trend. In 2033, it is estimated that the availability of garlic will experience a deficit, and garlic production and total farmers' income will continue to decline. Therefore, policies are needed to increase garlic farmers' availability, production, and total income in Indonesia through several policy scenarios. The policy scenario with the best results is a combination of an increase in area, productivity, and the realization of mandatory planting by importers because it can produce the highest availability and production of garlic compared to other scenarios. The most sensitive variable to the availability of Indonesian garlic is mandatory planting. Each increase in the realization of mandatory planting by importers by 10 percent can increase the availability of Indonesian garlic by 4.7 percent.

Rural development from village funds, village-owned enterprises, and village original income

This study investigates whether village funds, village-owned enterprises (henceforth, BUMDes), and village original income in Indonesia (PADes) enhance rural development. We employ three empirical methodologies to analyze data collected from 361 districts across Indonesia. These methods encompass cross-section regression, Difference-in-Difference (DID) technique, and Structural Equation Model (SEM)-based mediation analysis. The findings show that village funds positively and significantly impact rural development (measured using the village development index). However, the impact of BUMDes on rural development shows weak evidence. The quasi-experiment also reveals that districts with higher funding for their villages do not experience greater improvements in the village development index between 2016 and 2020. Furthermore, our study indicates that PADes play a crucial role in determining rural development, either directly or as a mediator for village funds and BUMDes. Policymakers should monitor the allocation of village funds to evaluate future allocation policies. Additionally, PADes performance is important for determining village fund transfers and development progress.

Fringe Benefits in Tax Law: Matching Principle and Tax Justice Perspective

This study addresses a significant issue within Indonesia's income tax policy, focusing on the taxation of fringe benefits and non-monetary compensations. Fringe benefits, being non-monetary rewards granted to employees, have gained prominence in various sectors' remuneration structures. The evolving landscape of in-kind taxation, encompassing natural elements, prompts inquiries into the determinants of tax imposition choices and their equity ramifications. The study aims to explore the income tax perspective on fringe benefits and non-monetary gains, emphasizing the applicability of the matching principle and its implications for equitable taxation. Despite the rising importance of fringe benefits, scholarly discourse on the alignment of conformity principles with in-kind taxes remains sparse. Therefore, this study offers a fresh contribution in comprehending this matter. Employing both a policy analysis and taxation approach, the study draws data from literature, tax statutes, and the latest economic reports. The findings underscore the significance of integrating the conformity principle in the taxation of fringe benefits and non-monetary rewards. This integration can augment the efficiency and transparency of state financial management, curbing detrimental tax avoidance practices that undercut state revenue. In summary, this study validates that adopting the conformity principle in taxing fringe benefits and non-monetary gains holds the potential to bolster state revenue and enhance fiscal management efficiency. The research's implications can guide policy makers in refining the national tax framework and fostering equitable taxation in Indonesia.

Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Pemahaman Wajib Pajak, Saksi Perpajakan, Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Di KPP Grogol Petamburan Jakarta Barat

The level of national economy and development is one of the most important things for a country, and Indonesia is no exception. Tax is the largest source of income in Indonesia that supports and sustains the development process. However, in fact there are still several compliance problems caused by various factors. This study aims to analyze whether the factors of taxpayer awareness and comprehension, as well as sanctions and service quality of e-filing implementation have an influence on individual taxpayer compliance. The method that researcher use in this research is quantitative method. The sample in this research are individual taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Grogol Petamburan, West Jakarta. The sampling technique is convenience sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data collection technique that researcher use is a questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) taxpayer awareness has a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, (2) taxpayer comprehension has a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, (3) tax sanctions have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, while (4) service quality has no effect on taxpayer compliance.

Micro Small Industries Performance Improvement: Analysis of the KUR Program

MSMEs contribute 61.07% to Indonesia's GDP, but over 40% face capital problems. Kredit Usaha Rakyat, or People’s Business Credit (KUR), is a government program to solve that by giving subsidies through financial institutions to strengthen MSME’s capital. Since 2015, the processing industry sector has been a priority sector of the KUR program, with KUR's realization target Micro Small Industries (MSI) is 40%, and the target continues to rise to 60% in 2019. This study analyzes the KUR program's impact on MSI performance in Indonesia. This study uses secondary cross-section data from the MSI survey of Badan Pusat Statistik or Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) from 2014, 2015, and 2019 with Pooled Least Square (PLS) analysis method. The estimation results show that MSI who access the KUR program have a higher average income of 45% compared to MSI who do not access the KUR program. This means the KUR program significantly positively affects increasing MSI income in Indonesia. The results of the sub-sample analysis show that the income of the industrial sub-sectors, such as tobacco, paper, rubber, plastics, machinery, and equipment, are positively significantly affected by the KUR program, and the others, such as printing and recording media industry, base metals, computers, electrical equipment, electronic goods, motor vehicles, other transportation equipment, and repair services, installation of machinery and equipment are not significantly affected. Thus, the government should continue the KUR program, especially for the positively affected processing industry and sub-sector, to improve the performance of micro-small enterprises and industries in Indonesia.