Incoherent Behavior Research Articles

Watermarking Tiny MLCommons Image Applications Without Extra Deployability Costs

The tasks assigned to neural network (NN) models are increasingly challenging due to the growing demand for their applicability across domains. Advanced machine learning programming skills, development time, and expensive assets are required to achieve accurate models, and they represent important assets, particularly for small and medium enterprises. Whether they are deployed in the Cloud or on Edge devices, i.e., resource-constrained devices that require the design of tiny NNs, it is of paramount importance to protect the associated intellectual properties (IP). Neural networks watermarking (NNW) can help the owner to claim the origin of an NN model that is suspected to have been attacked or copied, thus illegally infringing the IP. Adapting two state-of-the-art NNW methods, this paper aims to define watermarking procedures to securely protect tiny NNs’ IP in order to prevent unauthorized copies of these networks; specifically, embedded applications running on low-power devices, such as the image classification use cases developed for MLCommons benchmarks. These methodologies inject into a model a unique and secret parameter pattern or force an incoherent behavior when trigger inputs are used, helping the owner to prove the origin of the tested NN model. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques using AI frameworks both on computers and MCUs, showing that the watermark was successfully recognized in both cases, even if adversarial attacks were simulated, and, in the second case, if accuracy values, required resources, and inference times remained unchanged.

Incoherent, chimera and coherent behaviors in ring of locally and array of non-locally coupled current-modulated edge-emitting semiconductor lasers

The investigation in this paper on the ring of locally and the array of non-locally coupled current-modulated (CM) edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (EESLs) is numerical. The dynamical characteristics of a ring of locally coupled CMEESLs display incoherent and chimera behaviors for small values of coupling strength while coherent behaviors are observed for large values of coupling strength. The dynamical characteristics of a circlet of non-locally twained CMEESLs reveal that the twaining force is of great importance when considering the coherent and incoherent characteristics of the nodes found inside the circlet. Considering the twaining force in an infinitesimal interval, the array of non-locally coupled CMEESLs displays chimera states. Incrementing the twaining force, the array of non-locally coupled CMEESLs is in a state of coherency and a total destruction of the chimera states is observed. The findings in this paper suggest that the ring of locally and array of non-locally coupled CMEESLs under study could have significant implications for applications in neuro-inspired computing, particularly in neuromimetic computing.

It’s You and Me: Infants’ cross-modal communicative signals and mother-infant interactive behavior predict infant regulatory patterns in the still-face paradigm at 3 months

Infant regulatory behavior develops since birth and impacts their early social interactions. Infants differ in the relative coherence and incoherence of their cross-modal communicative signals during en-face infant-caregiver interactions. We expand this research by evaluating whether different infant regulatory patterns observed during the Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF) at 3 months are associated with the coherence or incoherence of infants’ cross-modal communicative behaviors during en-face interactions or with multiple dimensions of mother-infant interactive behavior during free-play. Analyses were based on data collected from 100 mother-infant dyads from urban, working- and middle-class backgrounds in Portugal who were videotaped during the FFSF and free play at 3 months. Results confirm that infants’ different regulatory behavior patterns in the FFSF at 3 months are associated with the coherence and incoherence of their cross-modal interactive behaviors and specific aspects of mother-infant interaction. Infants with a Social-Positive oriented regulatory pattern during the FFSF displayed more coherent and less incoherent communicative behaviors with their mothers and were more cooperative during free play. In turn, their mothers were more sensitive. Our findings support the perspective that infants' regulatory behavior strategies in the context of caregiver regulatory support and sensitivity are likely to increase dyadic correspondence and infant ability to engage with the world.

Iraq's Struggle to Contend With the Sino‐US Rivalry

AbstractThis article analyzes Iraq's response to evolving US‐China relations, focusing on its foreign‐policy objectives of ending isolation, strengthening security, and fostering economic growth. Iraq seeks American support to attain these goals, aspiring to reintegrate into the international system and bolster its defense mechanisms. Simultaneously, Baghdad perceives China and its Belt and Road Initiative as instrumental to economic recovery. Despite these aspirations, Iraq encounters impediments that stem from its external environment and domestic politics. As a relatively feeble power, Iraq grapples with limited economic, political, and diplomatic influence, which constrains its ability to effectively respond to shifts in the Sino‐US rivalry. In addition, the country engages in incoherent foreign behavior due to consociationalism and the nonstate armed groups that operate outside of the state`s orbit. The analysis concludes that Iraq's responses to US‐China tensions are reactive, not proactive; circumstantial, not strategic. This article is part of a special issue on the responses of Gulf countries to rising Sino‐American competition, edited by Andrea Ghiselli, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, and Enrico Fardella.

Recovering Marcus Theory Rates and Beyond without the Need for Decoherence Corrections: The Mapping Approach to Surface Hopping.

It is well-known that fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) fails to correctly capture the quadratic scaling of rate constants with diabatic coupling in the weak-coupling limit, as expected from Fermi's golden rule and Marcus theory. To address this deficiency, the most widely used approach is to introduce a "decoherence correction", which removes the inconsistency between the wave function coefficients and the active state. Here we investigate the behavior of a new nonadiabatic trajectory method, called the mapping approach to surface hopping (MASH), on systems that exhibit an incoherent rate behavior. Unlike FSSH, MASH hops between active surfaces deterministically and can never have an inconsistency between the wave function coefficients and the active state. We show that MASH not only can describe rates for intermediate and strong diabatic coupling but also can accurately reproduce the results of Marcus theory in the golden-rule limit, without the need for a decoherence correction. MASH is therefore a significant improvement over FSSH in the simulation of nonadiabatic reactions.

Stable chimera states: A geometric singular perturbation approach.

Over the past decades, chimera states have attracted considerable attention given their unexpected symmetry-breaking spatiotemporal nature and simultaneously exhibiting synchronous and incoherent behaviors under specific conditions. Despite relevant precursory results of such unforeseen states for diverse physical and topological configurations, there remain structures and mechanisms yet to be unveiled. In this work, using mean-field techniques, we analyze a multilayer network composed of two populations of heterogeneous Kuramoto phase oscillators with coevolutive coupling strengths. Moreover, we employ the geometric singular perturbation theory through the inclusion of a time-scale separation between the dynamics of the network elements and the adaptive coupling strength connecting them, gaining a better insight into the behavior of the system from a fast-slow dynamics perspective. Consequently, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition to produce stable chimera states when considering a coevolutionary intercoupling strength. Additionally, under the aforementioned constraint and with a suitable adaptive law election, it is possible to generate intriguing patterns, such as persistent breathing chimera states. Thereafter, we analyze the geometric properties of the mean-field system with a coevolutionary intracoupling strength and demonstrate the production of stable chimera states. Next, we give arguments for the presence of such patterns in the associated network under specific conditions. Finally, relaxation oscillations and canard cycles, seemingly related to breathing chimeras, are numerically produced under identified conditions due to the geometry of our system.

Dispersive Hydrodynamics of Soliton Condensates for the Korteweg–de Vries Equation

We consider large-scale dynamics of non-equilibrium dense soliton gas for the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation in the special “condensate” limit. We prove that in this limit the integro-differential kinetic equation for the spectral density of states reduces to the N-phase KdV–Whitham modulation equations derived by Flaschka et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 33(6):739–784, 1980) and Lax and Levermore (Commun Pure Appl Math 36(5):571–593, 1983). We consider Riemann problems for soliton condensates and construct explicit solutions of the kinetic equation describing generalized rarefaction and dispersive shock waves. We then present numerical results for “diluted” soliton condensates exhibiting rich incoherent behaviors associated with integrable turbulence.

Charge transport properties in a novel holographic quantum phase transition model

We investigate the features of charge transport in a novel holographic quantum phase transition (QPT) model with two metallic phases: normal metallic and novel metallic. The scaling behaviors of direct current (DC) resistivity and thermal conductivity at low temperatures in both metallic phases are numerically computed. The numerical results and the analytical ones governed by the near horizon geometry agree perfectly. Then, the features of low-frequency alternating current (AC) electric conductivity are systematically investigated. A remarkable characteristic is that the normal metallic phase is a coherent system, whereas the novel metallic phase is an incoherent system with non-vanishing intrinsic conductivity. Especially, in the novel metallic phase, the incoherent behavior becomes stronger when the strength of the momentum dissipation enhances.

Cross-modal coherence and incoherence of early infant interactive behavior: links to attachment in infants born very preterm or full-term

ABSTRACT Infants exhibit flexibly organized configurations of facial, vocal, affective, and motor behavior during caregiver-infant interactions that convey convergent messages about their internal states and desires. Prior work documents that greater cross-modal discrepancy at 4 months predicts disorganized attachment. Here, we evaluated whether: very preterm (VPT) or full-term (FT) status predicts cross-modal coherence or incoherence in infants’ behavior with the caregiver at 3 months; and, regardless of prematurity, whether cross-modal interactive coherence or incoherence predicts 12-month attachment. Participants included 155 infants (85 FT; 70 VPT), and their mothers followed from birth to 12 months (corrected age). Infants’ cross-modal coherent and incoherent responses were scored microanalytically from videotaped en-face interactions. Infants’ attachment security was evaluated during Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. Infants born VPT exhibited more incoherent cross-modal responses and insecure attachment than infants born FT. Regardless of prematurity, infants’ coherent and incoherent cross-modal interactive behaviors at 3 months predicted different attachment patterns at 12 months.

Route to Chaos and Chimera States in a Network of Memristive Hindmarsh-Rose Neurons Model with External Excitation

In this paper we have introduced and investigated the collective behavior of a network of memristive Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) neurons. The proposed model was built considering the memristive autapse of the traditional 2D HR neuron. Using the one-parameter bifurcation diagram and its corresponding maximal Lyapunov exponent graph, we showed that the proposed model was able to exhibit a reverse period doubling route to chaos, phenomenon of interior and exterior crises. Three different configurations of the ring-star network of the memristive HR neuron model, including ring-star, ring, and star, have been considered. The study of those network configurations revealed incoherent, coherent , chimera and cluster state behaviors. Coherent behavior is characterized by synchronization of the neurons of the network, while incoherent behaviors are characterized by the absence of synchronization. Chimera states refer to a differet state where there is a coexistence of synchroniaed and asynchronized nodes of the network. One of the interesting result of the paper is the prevalence of double-well chimera states in both ring and ring-star network and has been first mentioned in the case of memrisitve HR neuron model.

Possible helimagnetic order in Co4+-containing perovskites Sr1−xCaxCoO3

We systematically synthesized perovskite-type oxides Sr1−xCaxCoO3 containing unusually high valence Co4+ ions by a high pressure technique and investigated the effect of systematic lattice change on the magnetic and electronic properties. As the Ca content x exceeds about 0.6, the structure changes from cubic to orthorhombic, which is supported by the first-principles calculations of enthalpy. Upon the orthorhombic distortion, the ground state remains to be apparently ferromagnetic, with a slight drop of the Curie temperature. Importantly, the compounds with x larger than 0.8 show antiferromagnetic behavior, with positive Weiss temperatures and nonlinear magnetization curves at the lowest temperature, implying that the ground state is non-collinear antiferromagnetic or helimagnetic. Considering the incoherent metallic behavior and the suppression of the electronic specific heat at the high x region, the possible emergence of a helimagnetic state in Sr1−xCaxCoO3 is discussed in terms of the bandwidth narrowing and the double-exchange mechanism with the negative charge transfer energy, as well as the spin frustration, owing to the next-nearest neighbor interaction.

Capgras syndrome and poor facial emotion recognition

IntroductionCapgras syndrome is a disorder of personal identification characterized by the delusional belief that one or more persons close to the subject have been replaced by physically identical doubles.ObjectivesTo deepen our knowledge of the Capgras syndromeMethodsA case report about a Capgras syndrome.ResultsWe report the case of a 46-year-old female patient who was admitted in February 2021 for incoherent speech and behavior disorder against her family members. Three years ago, she started to have hypochondriacal concerns. A week before her admission, she threatened her husband with a knife and she was convinced that her daughters were dead and that they had been replaced by clowns. She had a Capgras delusion with a hallucinatory and interpretative mechanism against her daughters, she reported olfactory and cenesthetic hallucinations. Biological explorations and brain CT were normal. The PANNS scale showed a positive scale of 36, a negative scale of 39, the general psychopathology scale of 53. She had a total score of 30/40 on The Penn emotion recognition test. The patient had difficulty in recognizing low intensity emotions (0 or 1) and 50% of the false responses were for the neutral emotion with responses tending towards anger first and then sadness.Conclusions Capgras syndrome remains poorly described in the literature and the hypotheses concerning its origin often oscillate between neuropsychological and psychodynamic. With the recent advances in neuroscience, it would be interesting to deepen its physiopathology in order to place it in a more modern nosological framework.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Bi-chromaticity and tunability of random lasing in mesoporous silica SBA16 doped with rhodamine B

The random laser emission from ordered mesoporous silica SBA16 doped with rhodamine B (RB) organic dye was investigated. Powdered SBA16 with 16 nm average pore diameter have been synthesized and doped with five different concentrations of the organic dye. Typical incoherent feedback random laser behavior was observed. The bi-chromatic emission was characterized for the sample with the highest dye concentration. Tunable random laser emissions from 578 to 618 nm were obtained depending on the excitation laser spot diameter and the rhodamine-B load. The results indicate that mesoporous RB-doped SBA16 is a promising material for the development of solid-state random lasers.

A challenging case of an adolescent and young adult patient with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the need for a multidisciplinary approach: a case report

BackgroundAdolescents and young adults diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are treated according to pediatric-based regimens to achieve better results. However, implementation of intensive chemotherapy protocols in this age group is associated with increased treatment-related toxicities, affecting almost every organ and system. In this case, the focus of our interest was on rather rare entities: steroid-induced psychosis that seldom develops in children and adolescents, and choroid plexus hemosiderosis, infrequently identified as a first sign of iron overload.Case presentationThe aim of this paper is to present a challenging case of a 15-year-old Caucasian male patient treated for high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia and who experienced various adverse incidents during intensive chemotherapy, thus necessitating a high-quality multidisciplinary approach. Slow minimal residual disease clearance was an additional concerning issue. Induction and re-induction were complicated by steroid-induced hyperglycemia that required multiple-week insulin. During consolidation, acute kidney injury on the basis of chronic kidney disease was verified, demanding subsequent drug dose modifications. By the end of re-induction, after dexamethasone cessation, infrequent steroid-induced psychosis, presented as incoherent speech, aggressive behavior, and mood swings, required intensive psychiatric support. Neurological evaluation of seizures revealed uncommon choroid plexus hemosiderosis by brain magnetic resonance imaging, warranting appropriate selection of iron chelation therapy in the context of preexisting nephropathy. Ultimately, iron deposits of moderate intensity were verified by liver magnetic resonance imaging, while heart tissue remained intact. The early diagnosis and adequate treatment of aforementioned difficult toxicities resulted in complete recovery of the patient.ConclusionsTreating adolescents with high-risk acute leukemia and multiple therapy-related morbidities remains a challenge, even in the era of extensive and effective supportive therapy. Superior survival rates might be achieved by prompt recognition of both frequent and rarely encountered adverse episodes, as well as well-timed and appropriate management by a well-coordinated multidisciplinary team.

Background-enhanced collapse instability of optical speckle beams in nonlocal nonlinear media

We study the focusing dynamics of incoherent wave-packets (speckle beams) in the presence of a nonlocal nonlinear response in the framework of the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. In the highly nonlocal regime, we show that the speckle beam develops a collective incoherent collapse instability — at variance with a conventional collapse that is inherently a coherent object, here it is the incoherent beam as a whole that develops a collapse. More specifically, we study the impact of a homogeneous incoherent background on the development of the incoherent collapse instability. Despite the fact that the homogeneous background is modulationally stable, we show that it significantly strengthens the formation of the incoherent collapse instability. Our theoretical analysis is based on a wave turbulence formulation of the Vlasov equation, which allows us to introduce an effective hydrodynamic model that is subsequently solved by the method of characteristics. A quantitative agreement is obtained between the simulations of the NLS equation, the Vlasov equation and the hydrodynamic model, without using adjustable parameters. The interaction between the background and the collapsing structure is described by means of a coupled system for the singular and smooth components of the solution of the Vlasov equation. The theory reveals that the mechanism underlying the background-induced collapse enhancement is due to a transfer of momentum from the background to the collapsing structure, while there is no ‘mass’ exchange among them. Furthermore, we show that a strong background level significantly boosts the collapse dynamics. Our work should stimulate the development of nonlinear experiments aimed at observing the incoherent collapse phenomenon in nonlinear thermal media. From a broader perspective, these investigations pave the way for the study of novel forms of global incoherent collective behaviors in wave turbulence, such as the formation of incoherent rogue waves.

Chimeras Unfolded

The instability of mixing in the Kuramoto model of coupled phase oscillators is the key to understanding a range of spatiotemporal patterns, which feature prominently in collective dynamics of systems ranging from neuronal networks, to coupled lasers, to power grids. In this paper, we describe a codimension–2 bifurcation of mixing whose unfolding, in addition to the classical scenario of the onset of synchronization, also explains the formation of clusters and chimeras. We use a combination of linear stability analysis and Penrose diagrams to identify and analyze a variety of spatiotemporal patterns including stationary and traveling coherent clusters and twisted states, as well as their combinations with regions of incoherent behavior called chimera states. Penrose diagrams are used to locate the bifurcation of mixing and to determine its type. The linear stability analysis, on the other hand, yields the velocity distribution of the pattern emerging from the bifurcation. Furthermore, we show that network topology can endow chimera states with nontrivial spatial organization. In particular, we present twisted chimera states, whose coherent regions are organized as stationary or traveling twisted states. The analytical results are illustrated with numerical bifurcation diagrams computed for the Kuramoto model with uni-, bi-, and trimodal frequency distributions and all-to-all and nonlocal nearest-neighbor connectivity.

The cellular automata inside optical chimera states

Cellular automata are conceptual discrete dynamical systems useful in the theory of information. The spatiotemporal patterns that they produce are intimately related to computational mechanics in distributed complex systems. Here, we investigate their physical implementation in the framework of chimera states in which coherent and incoherent behavior coexist. Hence, chimera states were subject to quantitative and qualitative analyzes borrowing the same tools used to characterize cellular automata. Our results reveal the existence of cellular automata-type dynamics submerged in the dynamics exhibited by our optical chimera states. Thus, they share a panoply of attributes in terms of computational abilities.

Tunable random lasing in dye-doped mesoporous silica SBA-15

Mesoporous silica, known as SBA-15, possesses a hexagonal pore structure, with 8-nm-diameter pores and high surface area $(\ensuremath{\sim}700\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}/\mathrm{g})$. The mesoporosity of SBA-15 is excellent to be filled with luminescent chromophores aiming at optical and photonic applications. SBA-15 powder infiltrated with Rhodamine B (RB) was prepared with different RB loads. Using the second harmonic of a pulsed Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser (8 ns, 10 Hz) as the excitation source, the light emission spectra of the samples were investigated. Typical incoherent feedback random laser behavior was observed. Tunable random laser emissions from 579 to 585 nm were obtained depending on the excitation laser spot diameter and the RB load. The results indicate that mesoporous SBA-15 infiltrated with RB is a promising material for the development of solid-state random lasers.

Is liquidity wasted? The zero-returns on the Warsaw Stock Exchange

The purpose of our study is to examine the dynamics of various liquidity proxies around specific price formation within intraday data. We examine the behavior of the measures representing price impact, depth of the market, its width and elasticity around intraday zero-return observations. Our sample is based upon quotations of blue chip stocks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, one of the European emerging markets. This paper identifies an incoherent behavior of liquidity measures from different dimensions around intraday zero-returns. Although the transaction costs are lower and zero return configurations seem to offer better liquidity, this potential is not exploited as the trading activity measures decrease. The stock market is characterized by high resiliency as the observed changes in liquidity measures are short-term.

Complex temperature dependence of coherent and incoherent lattice thermal transport in superlattices

Currently, it is still unclear how and to what extent a change in temperature impacts the relative contributions of coherent and incoherent phonons to thermal transport in superlattices. Some seemingly conflicting computational and experimental observations of the temperature dependence of lattice thermal conductivity make the coherent–incoherent thermal transport behaviors in superlattices even more elusive. In this work, we demonstrate that incoherent phonon contribution to thermal transport in superlattices increases as the temperature increases due to elevated inelastic interfacial transmission. On the other hand, the coherent phonon contribution decreases at higher temperatures due to elevated anharmonic scattering. The competition between these two conflicting mechanisms can lead to different trends of lattice thermal conductivity as temperature increases, i.e. increasing, decreasing, or non-monotonic. Finally, we demonstrate that the neural network-based machine learning model can well capture the coherent–incoherent transition of lattice thermal transport in the superlattice, which can greatly aid the understanding and optimization of thermal transport properties of superlattices.