Context Of Inclusive Education Research Articles

Analysis of Knowledge and Skills among Special Education Teachers in Inclusive Schools in Indonesia

This research examined the knowledge and skills of special education teachers within the context of inclusive education in Indonesia. Employing a quantitative survey approach, the study aimed to determine whether a statistically significant disparity existed between these two variables. The data collection technique utilized included knowledge tests and performance assessments, involving 637 participants from 26 districts/cities. The data analysis technique employed was the t-test using SPSS. The research findings indicated that the mean knowledge score (51.85) was lower than the mean skill score (73.90). The t-test result showed a value of -29.87 with p-value <0.05, indicating a significant difference between the knowledge and skill scores. Several factors contributed to the higher skill scores, including limited access to specialized training and professional development, curriculum structures prioritizing skill-based coursework, and the unique demands of inclusive education settings.

Profiles of Teaching Assistants’ Role Performance in Chinese Elementary Schools: A Person-Centred Approach

ABSTRACT Using a person-centred approach, this study aims to identify teaching assistants’ (TAs) profiles in terms of their role performance levels and how these profiles are associated with TAs’ personal and job characteristics. Three hundred and eighty TAs from Chinese elementary schools completed the Teaching Assistants’ Role Performance Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis yielded three profiles: (1) the low role performance level, (2) the medium role performance level, and (3) the high role performance level. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that profile membership was associated with TAs’ personal and job characteristics (i.e. educational level, years of classroom experience, professional training received, and part-time or full-time status) in different ways. The findings contribute to the literature on TA role performance in an inclusive education context and have practical implications for improving role performance among TAs.

Teaching assistant roles in supporting students with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Chinese primary classrooms: divergent expectations among general education teachers and teaching assistants

Objectives Clarifying the roles of teaching assistants (TAs) is crucial for enhancing their support effectiveness. This study aimed to explore the differences in expectations regarding the roles of TAs between general education teachers and TAs in Chinese primary classrooms as well as the factors associated with these differences. Methods A sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach was employed. A total of 465 general education teachers and 400 TAs were surveyed to provide quantitative data, while five teachers and five TAs were interviewed to provide qualitative data. Results The quantitative survey revealed significant differences between teachers and TAs in terms of their overall expectations regarding TA roles as well as differences in the dimensions of personal care and classroom support. In particular, teachers scored significantly higher than TAs with regard to personal support; however, they scored significantly lower than TAs with respect to overall expectations and classroom support. The qualitative investigation revealed that these differences in role expectations were associated with internal (i.e., perceptions of the purpose of TA support and knowledge of student abilities) and external factors (i.e., professional training from schools and communication between teachers and TAs). Conclusions This study enriches the international literature on the role expectations of TAs in an inclusive education context and has important implications for their role clarification.

Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) from the perspective of inclusive education

This article addresses the role of Specialized Educational Assistance (SEA) within the context of inclusive education in Brazil. Since participating in the World Conference on Special Educational Needs in 1994, the country committed to ensuring access to all children to elementary education by 2015, promoting inclusive education that considers the different learning needs of students, including those with disabilities. SEA is a fundamental strategy provided for by the National Policy on Special Education in the perspective of inclusive education, offering support and resources to minimize the difficulties faced by students with disabilities. This article discusses relevant legislation, including Decree No. 7,611/2011, which establishes guidelines for special education, highlighting the importance of integrating SEA into the school's pedagogical proposal and involving family participation. Additionally, it is emphasized that SEA is not intended to replace regular education but to complement it, offering services adapted to the individual needs of students.

‘That’s Not Something That’s Necessarily on the Radar’: Educators’ Perspectives on Dysgraphia

Abstract This qualitative study focused on educators’ perspectives of teaching students with dysgraphia. Dysgraphia can be referred to as a specific learning disorder (SLD) in writing and includes difficulties with handwriting, spelling, and/or composition skills. To explore the educators’ experiences, an interpretative phenomenological analysis method was implemented. This involved generating semistructured interviews and locating key concepts from these interviews, in tandem with researcher reflections. The results indicated that educators developed their self-efficacy in supporting students with dysgraphia on the job, augmented by self-guided and external searches for information about dysgraphia. The participants described their colleagues as generally unable to provide them with dysgraphia-specific knowledge due to a lack of awareness of dysgraphia within schools. Two of the three educators pursued Multisensory Structured Language training, departing the classroom to work in private tuition. Three teachers offered strategies for supporting students with dysgraphia, such as explicit, systematic, scaffolded, and repetitive instruction coupled with assistive technologies or lined paper and slant boards. The study concluded that dysgraphia-specific professional learning, coupled with collective efficacy, could proactively build teachers’ capacity and self-efficacy in supporting dysgraphia within an inclusive education context. These measures would more aptly support students with dysgraphia to reach their potential.

Analysis of Inclusive Education Perception among In-Service Early Childhood Teachers Using Inclusive Indicators

This article presents an analysis of inclusive education perceptions among in-service kindergarten teachers, contextualized within the context of inclusive education in China. In the 1980s, the Ministry of Education in China initiated the ‘Learning in Regular Classrooms’ campaign, advocating for the integration of special needs children into mainstream classrooms — an instrumental stride toward inclusive education. With the growing emphasis on inclusivity, the preschool education in China has progressively moving forward to embrace this paradigm. In this study, a survey was conducted with 30 in-service early childhood teachers in China, seeking to comprehensively assess their perceptions towards inclusive indicators within the broader framework of inclusive education. Through a meticulous analysis of the inclusive education indicators exhibited by 30 in-service kindergarten teachers, the research utilizes Booth's questionnaire as a validated instrument to gauge the nuanced facets of inclusive education implementation. The findings illuminate diverse performances among in-service kindergarten teachers, unravelling variations across three pivotal dimensions of inclusive education.

Collaboration within a curriculum of support in the classroom: occupational therapists' and educators' perceptions and experiences

Introduction: According to South Africa's key education policies, all children can learn and need support, necessitating collaboration between occupational therapists and educators. Collaboration between occupational therapists and educators within the classroom is however a relatively new practice in South Africa and there is a dearth of literature that report on studies in this regard. The aim of this study was thus to explore occupational therapists' and educators' experiences in adopting a classroom approach in three primary mainstream schools in the Metro North education district in the Western Cape. Methodology: A qualitative research approach andexploratory descriptive design was utilised. Data collection included semi-structured interviews and focus groups with educators and occupational therapists who participated in the curriculum of support in the classroom programme. Thematic data analysis was conducted. Findings: Three themes highlighting the meaning and value the participants assigned to classroom collaboration, andfactors that facilitate or limit the implementation of the curriculum of support emerged from the analysis. Conclusion: The study is useful in expanding the understanding of the changing role of occupational therapists within the context of inclusive education and contributes to the development of educator support strategies utilising the whole classroom approach. This approach entails the educator and occupational therapist working together in implementing activities in the classroom to all learners. These learning activities are based on curriculum themes and occupational therapy principles and components. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Occupational therapists' roles in the education practice context are expanding from traditionally working in special school settings to providing support to educators within public mainstream schools. The role of the occupational therapist within public mainstream schools is evolving from a consultative role and providing input into the individual support of learners to providing hands-on support to educators and collaborating with them within the classroom.

Powerful Knowledge in Religious Education—Questions of Epistemology and Subject Literacy in Democratic and Inclusive Educational Contexts

In this article, the focus is to grasp ongoing discussions regarding powerful knowledge in relation to social sciences in a broader sense, but especially in relation to religious education. Discussions around norms and values are central in classrooms where both multireligiousness and secularity characterize students’ everyday life and where students constantly move between different multicultural contexts. It is the aim of this contribution to explore the ongoing discussions relating powerful knowledge in RE to existential questions and controversial issues. One way for teachers to work with these goals is to focus partly on subject literacy and on powerful knowledge in relation to inclusive teaching, and partly on subject content where core value issues are expressed together with existential and controversial questions. This will be discussed and explored in this contribution focusing on powerful knowledge and epistemology in social science, and especially in the school subject of religious education.

Building Policies and Initiatives for Inclusive Educational Contexts: The GLIC Italian Experience.

Inclusive education has emerged as a global priority, and the integration of assistive technology (AT) is recognized as a crucial component for creating inclusive educational environments. However, the successful implementation of AT hinges on supportive policies and initiatives. This article delves into the experience of the GLIC Association in collaboration with the Italian Ministry of Education, exploring their efforts in developing policies and initiatives to facilitate the introduction of AT in educational contexts. The GLIC Association has devised a service provisioning model in state schools that ensures adequate support for the integration of AT, thus promoting inclusive education.

Indonesian Teachers' Self-Efficacy on Implementation Cooperation and Class Management towards Inclusive Education

In inclusive education, teachers' self-efficacy represents their self-assessment of the capability to organize classroom learning with students' various learning needs, including disabilities. The teacher's self-efficacy is observed in three aspects, namely instruction efficacy, collaboration efficacy, and managing behaviour. This study examines the effects of differences in working units, experiences of teaching students with special needs, and teacher training on inclusive education on teacher self-efficacy in the inclusive education context. The participants of this study were 233 teachers, in which most of them were women and had master's degrees. For the data analysis, we used Multi-Variate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). This study concludes that only the teacher work unit variable induces different teacher self-efficacy scores. Teachers in elementary schools have the highest self-efficacy scores in instruction, collaboration, and managing behaviour efficacy.

Mentoring Novice Teachers in a Norwegian Context of Inclusive Education

ABSTRACT There is global agreement that schools should be inclusive, however both experienced and inexperienced teachers find this challenging. In this study we explore how experienced teachers working as local mentors for newly qualified teachers (NQTs) address the challenges they face in an inclusive school. The study is designed as a qualitative study consisting of three different focus group discussions with three samples of mentors, and two surveys with one sample of mentors and one of NQTs. Data was collected in 2021, and descriptive analysis of the survey-data and thematic analysis of focus group discussions were conducted in 2022. Key findings indicate that the topics dominating NQTs supervision also challenge their mentors’ practices concerning 1) pupil behaviour and inclusive-adapted education, 2) inclusive classroom management and relationship building, and 3) inclusive parent-teacher cooperation. Furthermore, although the mentors acknowledge lack of expert knowledge, their self-efficacy is maintained due to professional mentoring-collaboration. An implication of the study is the need for recognising the mentoring process as a joint responsibility between all members of the professional community in schools, and not only a task for the assigned mentor.

Research on online inclusive education in Taiwan in the era of COVID-19

ABSTRACT Since 2019, many studies explored the effectiveness of online courses, but few investigated how to create an inclusive education context in the online course environment. In June 2021, this study conducted an online questionnaire survey of 208 ordinary class teachers and special education teachers from kindergartens, elementary schools, and middle schools in northern, central, and southern Taiwan via random sampling. The questionnaire consisted of six open-ended questions to examine the views of the participants. We used grounded theory to code and classify the qualitative data, and performed chi-square tests to quantitatively analyze the data obtained. The results indicated that most teachers recommended the use of interactive and cooperative online teaching strategies; the management of online inclusive education courses in the form of synchronous and asynchronous online courses to help students with special needs adapt to online courses; the building of a good cooperative relationship with parents and reducing the digital divide; full cooperation between ordinary class teachers and special education teachers; and sharing of textbooks and teaching strategies with each other. In addition, the majority of teachers considered their digital abilities below average, which was especially obvious among kindergarten and special education teachers.

Moving Towards Inclusive Education: Secondary School Teacher Attitudes Towards Universal Design for Learning in Australia

AbstractAchieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 is underpinned by the provision of quality inclusive education for all young persons, including persons with disabilities. The universal design for learning (UDL) framework provides the basis for establishing an inclusive pedagogical learning environment in classrooms. However, implementing such an inclusive pedagogical framework continues to be profoundly challenging across all countries, including Australia. Teacher attitude is the most important construct in efforts to create inclusive educational contexts. The aim of this study was to examine secondary school teachers’ attitudes towards the UDL framework in Australia. One hundred and twenty mainstream secondary classroom teachers in Sydney completed an online survey. The mean values and standard deviations of a self-designed UDL framework were calculated to examine teacher attitudes. Correlations and multiple regressions were conducted to verify the relationship between teachers’ attitudes and their background variables. The main results indicated that Australian secondary school teacher attitudes towards the UDL framework were generally positive, although they still had some practical concerns, such as having inflexible ideas about how to provide instructions. The findings provide useful insights for developing professional teacher training to promote inclusive education, where the UDL framework is a lens for interpreting inclusive education.

ИНКЛЮЗИВТІ БІЛІМ БЕРУДЕ КӨРУ БҰЗЫЛЫСТАРЫ БАР БАЛАЛАРДЫҢ СӨЙЛЕУ ӘРЕКЕТІН ОЙЫН КЕШЕНІ АРҚЫЛЫ ДАМЫТУ

The article presents findings from an analysis of speech development indicators in children with vision impairments within the context of inclusive education using various gaming technologies. The authors experimentally establish a direct correlation between the speech development of visually impaired children, age-related patterns, the curriculum content, and the cultural environment. Furthermore, the article reports results that suggest that play, being the primary activity for preschool children, positively influences the speech development of visually impaired children and addresses social inclusion challenges. Speech impairments limit cognitive activities and a person's ability to adapt socially at any age. The results obtained indicate that visually impaired children effectively absorb the developed gaming materials. The authors put forward a series of recommendations and practical solutions for the optimal implementation of corrective measures within the framework of inclusive education, fostering a favorable educational environment that enhances the quality of learning for visually impaired children. This article is of significant practical value for the educational community, as it aids in creating an optimal environment in the context of inclusive education.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Organisation of volunteer activities of students in the framework of inclusive education through innovative technologies

The goal of the research was to examine how student volunteerism might be organised using cutting-edge technology within the context of inclusive education, and this aspect was covered. The study employed quantitative research methodologies in its numerous aspects, and 264 volunteer students who are enrolled in different schools throughout Kazakhstan participated in the participant group. In the fall of 2021–2022. The participant groups in the study received 4-weeks of online training. The study made use of the ‘Inclusive Education and Technology’ data gathering tool, which was created by the researchers and put together by subject-matter specialists. The individuals that made up the participant groups were given the measuring tool, and it was supplied and collected online. Frequency analysis, t-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences programme were used to analyse the data, and the results were added to the study along with the tables. Based on the research’s findings, the participant groups have high use cases for inclusive education, and it has been indicated that new technology training areas will help them.
 Keywords: Inclusive education, innovative technology, organisation, online education;

Creating Inclusive Classrooms for Highly Dysregulated Students: What Can We Learn from Existing Literature?

The ability to self-regulate is a key focus for educators, especially for neurodivergent students, such as those with ADHD, fetal alcohol syndrome, mental health difficulties, autism, and/or anxiety. Students not being able to self-regulate frequently results in their behaviours being labelled as “naughty” or “challenging” by teachers. Continued dysregulation can lead to periods of suspension and exclusion, impacting both attendance rates for students and their broader families. Previous research has shown that the impacts of poor self-regulation can be wide-ranging, spanning both social and academic outcomes. The broad negative impact of poor self-regulation means that it is important to support families and classroom teachers to effectively improve children’s self-regulation. However, to support families and educators, there is a need to develop and deploy a theoretical framework to suggest why self-regulation may be under-developed and, conversely, how self-regulation may be effectively developed across a wide range of contexts. This paper considers current literature exploring the links between individual experiences of emotions and connections with core abilities of interoception, self-regulation, emotional intelligence, and metacognition. It outlines a hypothesised model of how these abilities intertwine and how supporting core building blocks within educational settings can enable supportive and inclusive educational contexts, providing positive experiences for students and teachers alike.

Self-efficacy and Work Motivation among Inclusive Education Teachers in China

ABSTRACT This study was a pioneering attempt to determine the statistical effect of inclusive education teachers’ self-efficacy on their work motivation. Five hundred and thirty-four inclusive education teachers in Beijing, China, participated in the study through responding to two inventories: the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices Scale and the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale. Results suggested that age, experience in teaching students with special educational needs, training, and subject taught had statistical influence on teacher self-efficacy but not on work motivation. Teacher self-efficacy made a unique positive contribution to three of the four types of work motivation examined, with efficacy in using inclusive instructions, efficacy in collaboration, and efficacy in managing behaviour demonstrating the strongest predictive effect on introjected regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic motivation, respectively. The findings enrich the literature on self-efficacy and on work motivation in an inclusive education context, and have practical implications concerning teacher preparation for inclusive education.

Pre-Service Social Educators’ Professional Competences: An Inclusive Education Context

The quality of education is increasingly a priority area for state development. In the context of globalisation, the mission of the education system has become to create conditions for the achievement of greater stability in society, by ensuring equal rights and opportunities for all citizens, including individuals with disabilities. Amid efforts towards fully inclusive education, the professional competences of specialists addressing the needs of those with learning disabilities are crucial. High-quality training is required for qualified educator –particularly for social educators – in this field. It aimed the research at identifying the necessary professional competences and personal qualities of pre-service social educators to work in an inclusive education, as well as to identify the difficulties university lecturers face in the training of social educators. A qualitative research design was applied in the study. Fifty-one respondents-university lecturers participated in it. Its results showed that, alongside central competences, emotional-volitional qualities have played a significant role in the social educators’ engagement in inclusive education. The research enabled to identify that the professional difficulties have the highest indicator among the difficulties that lecturers face when training pre-service social educators. It can be assumed that these findings will advance improvements in the development of social educators’ professional competences and solutions to obstacles during their university-level studies.

Teachers in Distance Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Context of Mainstream, Inclusive and Special Education

The aim of the article is to present the results of research on distance education conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Silesian Voivodeship (Poland). The research focuses on the work of teachers in mainstream schools and those who work with students with special educational needs. The author presents: the difficulties indicated by teachers, the support they experience and the solutions they apply, especially to students with special educational needs. The study was based on a quantitative paradigm, using a diagnostic survey method and online survey questionnaires, sent to respondents in the LimeServey system. 958 teachers representing primary and secondary schools participated in the study.The teachers indicated the difficulties of distance learning, such as the inability to monitor the progress of students, problems with the organization of group activities and the use of activating methods in teaching. They found the support in interpersonal contacts and self-study work; they rarely used the help of specialists. Half of the respondents worked with students with special educational needs. The largest group of such students were those with specific learning difficulties. Students with disabilities accounted for about 36% of those students identified by teachers. The teachers working with students with special educational needs experienced technical problems on the part of the student and psychophysical problems resulting from the specific condition of the student with special educational needs.The results of the research and the recommendations were presented to the school authorities in order to improve the quality of distance education and raise the standards of teachers.