Inclusive Development Strategy Research Articles

Efforts to Increase Community Participation in Supporting The Continuity of Ecotourism Development Policies

This research aims to identify strategies that enhance community participation in supporting the sustainability of ecotourism development policies. The study specifically explores how local communities can be involved in decision-making, implementation, benefit-sharing, and evaluation activities within ecotourism projects. The methodology used is a qualitative literature review, drawing on secondary data from sources such as journal articles, theses, government reports, and books relevant to community engagement and ecotourism. The results indicate that active community participation significantly improves the sustainability and success of ecotourism projects. By engaging local communities, ecotourism not only promotes environmental and cultural conservation but also brings economic benefits, such as job creation and income growth for local populations. In particular, the involvement of communities in planning and policy evaluation is essential for aligning ecotourism initiatives with local needs. The conclusion emphasizes that fostering community involvement through education and training is critical for empowering communities and ensuring the long-term sustainability of ecotourism projects. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers to create more inclusive and sustainable ecotourism development strategies. Keywords: ecotourism, policy, community

Asia-inclusive drug development leveraging principles of ICH E5 and E17 guidelines: Case studies illustrating quantitative clinical pharmacology as a foundational enabler.

With the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) E17 guidelines in effect from 2018, the design of Asia-inclusive multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs) has been streamlined, thereby enabling efficient simultaneous global development. Furthermore, with the recent regulatory reforms in China and its drug administration joining the ICH as a full regulatory member, early participation of China in the global clinical development of novel investigational drugs is now feasible. This would also allow for inclusion of the region in the geographic footprint of pivotal MRCTs leveraging principles of the ICH E5 and E17. Herein, we describe recent case examples of model-informed Asia-inclusive global clinical development in the EMD Serono portfolio, as applied to the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related inhibitors, tuvusertib and berzosertib (oncology), the toll-like receptor 7/8 antagonist, enpatoran (autoimmune diseases), the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor inhibitor tepotinib (oncology), and the antimetabolite cladribine (neuroimmunological disease). Through these case studies, we illustrate pragmatic approaches to ethnic sensitivity assessments and the application of a model-informed drug development toolkit including population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and pharmacometric disease progression modeling and simulation to enable early conduct of Asia-inclusive MRCTs. These examples demonstrate the value of a Totality of Evidence approach where every patient's data matter for de-risking ethnic sensitivity to inter-population variations in drug- and disease-related intrinsic and extrinsic factors, enabling inclusive global development strategies and timely evidence generation for characterizing benefit/risk of the proposed dosage in Asian populations.

Legal Transformation of Trading Businesses into Individual Limited Companies for Indonesian Micro and Small Enterprises

This study discusses the transformation from a Trading Business (UD) to an Individual Limited Company (PT Perorangan) as an effort to empower micro and small enterprises in Indonesia. In the context of corporate law, this transformation provides a strong legal basis and good corporate governance, enabling a Trading Business to obtain legal entity status as well as broader access to funding sources and legal protection. Utilizing a normative legal research approach, this study analyzes related legislation and assesses its impact on the sustainability of micro and small enterprises. The findings indicate that this transformation not only enhances legal certainty but also offers opportunities for companies to grow more professionally and sustainably. Moreover, the obligation to report financial documents digitally increases transparency and trust among business partners. The findings of this study are expected to make a significant contribution to the literature on empowering small businesses and encourage the government to continue supporting the transformation of Trading Businesses into Individual Limited Companies as part of an inclusive economic development strategy.

The Urgent Call for Academic Action: Rebooting SDGs to Reset Our Future

This manuscript, presented at GEEF2024, emphasizes the critical role of academia in revitalizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address current global challenges. The SDGs, adopted in 2015, aim to eradicate poverty and promote sustainable development by 2030. However, progress has stalled due to financial constraints, governance issues, the COVID-19 pandemic, and geopolitical crises such as the Russian–Ukraine war. The COVID-19 pandemic has had multifaceted impacts, reversing poverty reduction trends and disrupting education and energy investments. It has also exacerbated social inequalities, leading to the conceptualization of COVID-19 as a syndemic, an ecodemic, and an econodemic. These terms highlight the pandemic's complex interplay with preexisting health issues, environmental degradation, and economic disparities. Geopolitical crises have further hindered SDG progress by disrupting food and energy supplies and diverting resources from sustainable development initiatives. Climate change, marked by unprecedented heatwaves and natural disasters, poses additional threats to achieving the SDGs. The need for carbon neutrality and effective international cooperation is more urgent than ever before. In this context, universities play a crucial role in advancing the SDGs through research, innovation, and community engagement. Engaged universities align their research agendas with the SDGs, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and developing solutions to global challenges. Yonsei University's Institute for Global Engagement and Empowerment (IGEE) exemplifies this approach with its Yonsei SDGs Initiative. By analyzing research outputs via natural language processing, the initiative aligns academic activities with SDGs, particularly in health and well-being. The GEEF2024 conference underscored the importance of innovative strategies and international cooperation in achieving the SDGs. Discussions highlighted the need to address mental health crises, low birth rates, and the care economy's undervaluation. The conference also emphasized the necessity of inclusive development strategies that reflect the perspectives and priorities of Africa and Asia.In conclusion, universities must integrate social engagement into their core missions to remain relevant and impactful. By prioritizing research, teaching, and services that contribute to sustainable development, academia can play a pivotal role in overcoming global challenges and achieving the SDGs.

The impact of smart city construction on resident well-being: the mediating role of technology acceptance

This study investigates the relationships between smart city construction, technology acceptance, and resident well-being, integrating the Technology Acceptance Model with smart city research. Using structural equation modeling and data from 2,187 residents across five smart cities, we examine how smart city initiatives influence technology acceptance and, consequently, resident well-being. Results indicate that smart city construction positively affects perceived usefulness and ease of use of smart technologies, which in turn drive technology acceptance. Technology acceptance significantly mediates the relationship between smart city initiatives and resident well-being, highlighting its crucial role in translating urban innovations into quality of life improvements. The indirect effect of smart city construction on resident well-being through technology acceptance was significant (β = 0.183, p < 0.001), accounting for 37.1% of the total effect. Additionally, a direct positive effect of smart city construction on well-being was observed (β = 0.31, p < 0.001), suggesting benefits beyond active technology engagement. The study contributes to smart city literature by providing empirical evidence for the often-assumed link between smart city development and resident well-being, while also extending the application of the Technology Acceptance Model to urban contexts. These findings have important implications for urban planners and policymakers, emphasizing the need for user-centered design and inclusive development strategies in smart city projects to maximize positive impacts on urban populations.

Digital Economy and Business Transformation in Indonesia: An Exploration of Opportunities and Challenges

This research explores the impact of the digital economy on key sectors such as e-commerce and fintech and identifies the challenges companies face in the adoption of digital technologies. In the context of e-commerce, this research assesses how digitalization has changed the way businesses operate, including changes in business models, payment methods, and customer experience, as well as how technology has enabled market expansion and improved operational efficiency. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, the research leveraged data from annual reports of government agencies, international organizations, industry reports of market research firms, and academic journal articles on digital transformation. The results reveal that, while digitalization offers significant opportunities for market expansion, innovation, and increased financial inclusion, there are serious challenges that include infrastructure limitations, digital skills gaps, and regulatory uncertainty. The implications of these findings point to the need for inclusive infrastructure development strategies, comprehensive skills training programs, and adaptive regulatory policies. Such measures are expected to address existing gaps and maximize the benefits of the digital economy for business growth as well as the national economy.

Dynamics of Local Communities Through the Transformation of Agriculture to The Camping Sector in Pancasari Village, Buleleng, Bali

This study explores the dynamics of local communities in Pancasari Village, Buleleng, Bali, as they transition from traditional agriculture to the emerging camping sector. This transformation has led to significant economic, social, and environmental changes within the community. Economically, the shift has generated new employment opportunities, increased household incomes, and stimulated local businesses, thereby enhancing the village’s economic resilience. However, challenges such as potential inflation, uneven distribution of benefits, and increased vulnerability to external economic shocks have also arisen. Socially and culturally, the move to camping has altered traditional roles and lifestyles, facilitated cultural exchange and the introduction of new ideas but also posing risks of cultural dilution and commodification. Environmentally, the camping sector promotes sustainable tourism practices, yet it also brings negative impacts like habitat loss and increased waste. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, including interviews, observations, and document analysis, to understand these dynamics comprehensively. The findings highlight the need for sustainable planning and inclusive development strategies to address economic challenges, robust environmental management to mitigate negative impacts, and effective policy and governance frameworks to ensure equitable benefit distribution and stakeholder coordination. The study concludes that while the transformation to the camping sector presents significant opportunities for economic growth and cultural exchange, it also requires careful management to ensure long-term community well-being and sustainability. By understanding these dynamics, policymakers and stakeholders can better support the community through this transition, promoting balanced and sustainable development in Pancasari Village.

Within – Country diversity and economic output: The role of financial development

This study investigates the relationship between within-country diversity, financial development, and economic output with a particular focus on the moderating role of financial development. Analyzing data from a diverse set of countries, we find that both religious and language diversity exhibit negative associations with economic performance. However, in emerging economies, a positive interaction between linguistic and religious diversity emerges. Notably, robust financial development positively moderates the relationship between diversity and economic output, with identified thresholds indicating a critical level necessary to mitigate the adverse consequences of cultural diversity. Our findings highlight the essential role of financial systems in fostering trust and promoting economic growth, particularly in high-diversity contexts. Our findings are robust to a battery of alternative tests. By emphasizing the importance of financial development in navigating within-country heterogeneities, this study offers valuable insights for policymakers seeking to foster inclusive and sustainable development strategies.

Urbanization and Its Environmental Impact on Rangareddy's Peri-Urban Landscape: Insights from Secondary Data

This study investigates the dynamics of urbanization and its environmental implications in peri-urban areas of Rangareddy, focusing on key regions including Shamshabad, Manikonda, Gachibowli, and Shadnagar over the past two decades. Through a comprehensive analysis of land use changes, environmental assessments, socio-economic dynamics, and sustainability challenges, the research highlights significant transformations driven by rapid urban expansion. The findings reveal a notable shift in land use patterns characterized by a substantial increase in residential and commercial developments, leading to a decline in agricultural lands and natural ecosystems. This urban sprawl is fueled by population growth, economic activities, and infrastructural developments, reflecting broader urbanization trends observed across Indian cities. Environmental assessments underscore critical challenges associated with urban growth, including deteriorating air and water quality attributed to increased industrial activities and vehicular emissions. The reduction in green spaces exacerbates environmental concerns such as heat island effects and biodiversity loss, necessitating urgent interventions to integrate sustainable land management practices into urban planning strategies. Demographic shifts in peri-urban Rangareddy reveal accelerated population growth rates, surpassing national averages. While urbanization has brought enhanced access to amenities and economic opportunities, it has also exacerbated socio-economic disparities among residents. Addressing these disparities requires inclusive development strategies that ensure equitable access to resources and opportunities, fostering social cohesion and community resilience. The study identifies critical sustainability challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, water scarcity, and inefficient waste management systems. These challenges underscore the imperative for effective policy interventions and governance frameworks aimed at promoting environmental conservation and enhancing urban resilience. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for integrated urban planning approaches that prioritize green infrastructure development, pollution control measures, and community engagement initiatives. Looking forward, future research should focus on longitudinal studies to monitor urbanization trends and evaluate the effectiveness of policy interventions in mitigating environmental impacts and enhancing socio-economic conditions in peri-urban areas. Long-term strategies should emphasize adaptive governance mechanisms, stakeholder engagement, and capacity building to support sustainable urban development goals.

Strategies for Sustainable Development: Leveraging Demographic Factors in Indonesia's Regions

This study investigates the impact of demographic factors on the demographic bonus and regional development in Indonesia, using a sample of 30 provinces from 2011 to 2019. Population growth positively influences both the demographic bonus and regional development. In contrast, life expectancy and contraceptive prevalence rate have negative effects on the demographic bonus. The school-age population positively impacts both the demographic bonus and regional development. The demographic bonus negatively affects regional development and fails to mediate the relationship between population growth and regional development. However, it mediates the effects of life expectancy and the school-age population on regional development. The analysis employs descriptive analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) using Smart-PLS. The findings recommend effective management of population growth, enhanced healthcare to improve life expectancy, and balanced birth control programs. Increased investment in education and inclusive development strategies are vital. Policies should facilitate the active participation of the working-age population, supported by continuous research and development to ensure responsive policy formulation. These recommendations aim to maximize the potential of the demographic bonus and support sustainable regional development in Indonesia.

A STUDY ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: WHAT ROLES DO INSTITUTIONS AND FINANCIAL REGULATION PLAY

This study examines the relationship between financial inclusion, economic growth, and the roles of institutions and financial regulation. Financial inclusion, defined as access to and usage of financial services by all individuals and businesses, is increasingly recognized as crucial for fostering economic development. Institutions such as banks, microfinance organizations, and regulatory bodies play pivotal roles in promoting financial inclusion through policies and initiatives that enhance accessibility and affordability of financial services. Effective financial regulation ensures stability and consumer protection, thereby fostering trust and participation in financial markets. By analyzing empirical data and case studies, this study aims to provide insights into how improved financial inclusion, supported by robust institutional frameworks and regulatory environments, can contribute to sustainable economic growth. Understanding these dynamics is essential for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to enhance inclusive economic development strategies globally.

The Impact of Electronic Government Policy on Transparency and Accountability in Public Services

Implementing the Electronic Government policy has become the main focus in efforts to increase transparency and accountability in public services. This policy is intended to change the way of interaction between government and society, expand access to information, and increase service efficiency. However, there are still various challenges that need to be overcome, including data security issues and gaps in technology access across various demographics. This research aims to evaluate the impact of Electronic Government policies on transparency and accountability in public services. This research uses a qualitative approach, collecting data from various relevant studies and sources for analysis. The data is processed to identify emerging themes and patterns, ensuring the validity and reliability of the conclusions produced. The research conclusion shows that e-government is significant in increasing transparency and accountability, by speeding up service processes and increasing public participation. However, challenges such as data security and uneven access are still major obstacles. Continuous evaluation and adaptation to feedback from the community are needed to improve and sharpen the implementation of this policy. Further development in e-government technology is also essential to overcome current weaknesses. An inclusive and sustainable development strategy will be key in making e-government a more effective tool for transparent and accountable government.

The Status and Development of Informal Housing in Guangzhou Urban Villages

Amid rapid urbanization, the housing market must be more robust to provide housing for vulnerable groups. In China, informal housing, represented by urban villages, provides a large amount of living space and alleviates the emergence of urban poverty and slums. However, due to the social and environmental problems of urban villages, there are certain contradictions with the sustainable development of cities. This paper takes Guangzhou as an example, looking at the trajectory and underlying mechanisms of informal housing growth in urban villages utilizing field surveys and questionnaire interviews. The study extracts the current housing conditions and development concerns in urban villages and tries to unearth the economic and social issues behind urbanization. In addition, this study discusses the inclusive development strategy of informal housing in urban villages from three aspects: the improvement of affordable housing, the protection of migrant populations' rights and interests, and the renovation and renewal of urban, which offer insight into managing informal housing and supporting sustainable development in developing countries.

Exploring urban housing disadvantages and economic struggles in Seoul, South Korea

The present study investigates urban poverty in Seoul, South Korea, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on housing and economic challenges. Employing principal component analysis, clustering algorithms, and visualization techniques, it analyzes archived data to uncover disparities in housing conditions and economic well-being across Seoul. The research reveals significant socio-economic divisions, with over 75% of the city’s areas marked by vulnerability, indicating widespread poverty or the concentration of economically disadvantaged populations. This highlights the pervasive nature of poverty and the precarious situation of the urban poor, who are at risk due to fragile living conditions. The findings advocate for inclusive urban development strategies that prioritize the needs of marginalized groups, suggesting a shift from focusing solely on economic growth to ensuring equitable welfare for all residents.

Under the banner of heritage conservation: The gentrification of dilapidated low-income neighborhoods in the Daming Palace Protection and Renovation Project

Understanding the dynamics and implications of urban redevelopment projects, particularly in the context of China's rapid urbanization, could inform sustainable and inclusive urban development strategies. This abstract provides an overview of the Daming Palace Protection and Renovation Project (DPPRP). Unlike other redevelopment projects that prioritize economic benefits, the DPPRP is predominantly driven by political interests, with cultural and economic factors playing supporting roles. As part of the broader integrated conservation and redevelopment program, the DPPRP holds political significance, and its implementation demonstrates clear state involvement, led by the local government. The response from residents reflects the failure of China's attempts to promote citizen participation in local governance, suggesting challenges even for participatory authoritarianism. These developments have negative implications for Chinese citizens' pursuit of their right to the city, hindering their ability to shape urban spaces and participate meaningfully in decision-making processes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Daming Palace Protection and Renovation Project (DPPRP) in China, providing insights for policymakers and urban planners to enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of urban redevelopment projects.

Effect of Increasing Population on Resource Management and Impact on Sustainable Development Goals

This article explores the intricate relationship between population growth and sustainable development in Haryana, India, examining the challenges, opportunities, and pathways forward. With a steadily increasing population, Haryana faces a multitude of socio-economic and environmental challenges, including water scarcity, food security, land use management, energy demand, sustainable use of resources. Rapidly increasing population and poor management of resources has put a lot of strain on the environment as well as the daily life of the people. Through a comprehensive analysis of these issues, we aim to uncover the underlying drivers of population growth and their implications for sustainable development in the state. We explore the interconnected nature of population dynamics and sustainable development goals, focusing on the need for integrated planning, policy implementation, and infrastructure development. We highlight the importance of education, awareness, and inclusive development strategies in addressing social disparities and promoting resilience. Ultimately, we advocate for a holistic approach to sustainable development in Haryana, one that prioritizes long-term sustainability over short-term gains and fosters collaboration and innovation across sectors. By embracing sustainable practices, investing in green infrastructure, and fostering partnerships, we believe that Haryana can chart a course towards a more prosperous, equitable, and resilient future for all residents. Through dialogue, collaboration, and collective action, we envision a future where population growth and sustainable development are mutually reinforcing, where the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to thrive. As we navigate the complexities of population growth and sustainable development in Haryana, we invite stakeholders to join us in shaping a brighter, more sustainable future for the state and its people.

Access of Urban Poor to Basic Services: Concerns of Sustainability and Equity

Sharp inequality in India’s urban economy, coupled with an increasing reliance on the market system for infrastructure and basic services, has led to inadequate access to and poor quality of amenities for the urban poor. Disparities in welfarist interventions by central and state governments, manifest in changing administrative paradigm, have impacted inequality trends and patterns. Given this macro scenario, this article is designed to achieve two objectives: one, an analysis of the differential access of urban poor to select basic amenities and changes therein over time at the national level. An attempt is also made to bring out the deficits in amenities for households in different asset quintiles within the framework of India’s inclusive development strategy. Two, to analyse the pattern of access to basic services across the states, their changing pattern over time, and probe into their interdependencies with indicators of environmental sustainability. The basic idea is to examine quantitatively the complex relationship between the utilisation of natural resources, environmental degradation, and the provisioning of basic amenities to the poor. The possibility of the poor being forced to use non-renewable resources, posing serious threats to their micro-environment and its long-term implications are discussed using available secondary data and over-viewing empirical research on the subject. The article concludes by proposing broad directions in which solutions to the twin problems of providing a decent living environment to the poor and ensuring ecological sustainability can be sought.

Exploring the Discrepancy between Marketing Focused on Racial and Ethnic Diversity and the Availability of Support for Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Economic Development

This study investigates the complex relationship between the emphasis on racial and ethnic diversity in economic development marketing and the availability of grant or loan programmes for immigrant entrepreneurs. Utilizing a comprehensive survey conducted in collaboration with the International City/County Management Association and Cornell University, the research analyses responses from chief administrative officers across U.S municipalities. The study employs quantitative analysis to examine the correlation between diversity-focused marketing strategies and the existence of financial support mechanisms for immigrant entrepreneurs. Key findings reveal a statistically significant association between the emphasis on diversity in marketing and the presence of support programmes. However, the study highlights the discrepancy between marketing claims and actual support available to immigrant entrepreneurs. The policy implications suggest a need for authentic integration of diversity in both marketing and program implementation, emphasising the role of tangible support mechanisms. The findings underline the necessity of holistic and inclusive economic development strategies that align promotional efforts with practical support for immigrant entrepreneurs.

Dynamics of Economic Growth and Its Influence on Community Welfare: Case Analysis in Developing Countries

This journal article explores the dynamics of economic growth and its impact on community welfare, with a specific focus on developing countries. Economic growth is a pivotal factor in shaping the well-being of communities, and understanding the intricate relationship between growth patterns and welfare outcomes is essential for informed policymaking. The study employs a case analysis approach to delve into the unique challenges and opportunities faced by developing countries. By examining the dynamics of economic growth, the research aims to uncover the mechanisms through which growth translates into tangible improvements in community welfare indicators. The analysis encompasses a range of economic factors, including GDP growth, employment rates, income distribution, and access to basic services. Special attention is given to the role of social and economic policies in mediating the effects of growth on community welfare. Through an in-depth examination of selected developing countries, the study seeks to identify patterns and best practices that contribute to positive welfare outcomes. It also explores potential challenges and disparities that may hinder the equitable distribution of benefits from economic growth. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for policymakers, economists, and development practitioners. By elucidating the dynamics between economic growth and community welfare in the context of developing countries, the study contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable and inclusive development strategies. In conclusion, this article underscores the importance of considering the multifaceted nature of economic growth and its implications for community welfare. The research advocates for a holistic approach to development that goes beyond GDP figures, emphasizing the need for policies that foster inclusive growth and ensure that the benefits of economic progress reach all segments of society.

The Impact of Digital Financial Inclusion on Regional Green Innovation Research

Relying on green technological innovation and developing green technology is an important support for the green transformation of society. This paper empirically analyzes the impact and mechanism of digital finance on green innovation by comprehensively applying fixed effect model, multiple linear regression and mediation effect model. The results show that digital inclusive finance can significantly incentivize green innovation, and the conclusions remain robust after multiple robustness tests. The mediation effect analysis shows that digital inclusive finance can enhance entrepreneurial activity, promote industrial structure optimization and alleviate financing constraints, and then promote the development of green innovation. Heterogeneity analysis shows that heterogeneous factors such as the size of the non-state economy, environmental regulations, and distance from Hangzhou make significant differences in the impact of digital inclusive finance on regional green innovation. Therefore, the application of digital inclusive finance in the field of green innovation should be strengthened, digital inclusive finance supporting equipment and systems should be vigorously constructed and improved, digital inclusive finance development strategies should be formulated according to local conditions, and other factors should be coordinated to play a role in conjunction with digital inclusive finance in order to guide green transformation.