Inclusive Version Research Articles

Multiracial Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (MRMET): An inclusive version of an influential measure

Can an inclusive test of face cognition meet or exceed the psychometric properties of a prominent less inclusive test? Here, we norm and validate an updated version of the influential Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), a clinically significant neuropsychiatric paradigm that has long been used to assess theory of mind and social cognition. Unlike the RMET, our Multiracial Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (MRMET) incorporates racially inclusive stimuli, nongendered answer choices, ground-truth referenced answers, and more accessible vocabulary. We show, via a series of large datasets, that the MRMET meets or exceeds RMET across major psychometric indices. Moreover, the reliable signal captured by the two tests is statistically indistinguishable, evidence for full interchangeability. We thus present the MRMET as a high-quality, inclusive, normed and validated alternative to the RMET, and as a case in point that inclusivity in psychometric tests of face cognition is an achievable aim. The MRMET test and our normative and validation data sets are openly available under a CC-BY-SA 4.0 license at osf.io/ahq6n.

What’s Good About Inclusion? An Ethical Analysis of the Ideal of Social Inclusion for People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities

‘Social inclusion’ is the leading ideal in services and care for people with intellectual disabilities in most countries in the Global North. ‘Social inclusion’ can refer simply to full equal rights, but more often it is taken to mean something like ‘community participation’. This narrow version of social inclusion has become so ingrained that it virtually goes unchallenged. The presumption appears to be that there is a clear moral consensus that this narrow understanding of social inclusion is good. However, that moral consensus is not clear in the case of people with profound intellectual and/or multiple disabilities (PIMD), who are not able to express their needs and preferences verbally. Moreover, social inclusion has proven to be difficult to conceptualize and implement for people with PIMD. Therefore, it becomes imperative to ask about the ethical rationale of the narrow understanding of social inclusion. For what reasons do we think social inclusion is good? And do those reasons also apply for people with PIMD? This article addresses these questions by providing an ethical analysis of the ideal of social inclusion for people with PIMD. It discusses four ethical arguments for social inclusion and probes their relevance for people with PIMD. The article argues that none of these arguments fully convince of the value of the narrow understanding of social inclusion for people with PIMD. It ends with advocating for an ethical space for imagining a good life for people with PIMD otherwise.

포스트휴먼 장애학 관점에서의 ‘학생 주도성’ 개념에 대한 비판적 고찰: 2022 개정 교육과정을 중심으로

The aim of this study was to critically examine the concept of student agency, an idea that has characterized recent curriculum reform policies, focusing on the 2022 revised curriculum, from the perspective of posthuman disability studies (PDS) and to propose a more inclusive framework for it. To this end, this study first explored how PDS enables us to rethink human agency, which underlies the notion of student agency. Next, the analysis of the 2022 revised curriculum and its related policy documents revealed that student agency embodied in the 2022 revised curriculum is predicated on the logics of choice-responsibility undergirding a range of curricular devices (e.g., the high school credit system). Drawing on PDS, the study argues that the 2022 revised curriculum may (inadvertently) contribute to the perpetuation of ableism by assuming that student agency can be exercised based on modern humanist values, such as autonomy, self-determination, and self-responsibility. Furthermore, it was also found that, unlike non-disabled students, disabled students are positioned in the curriculum as potentially less agentic, i.e., exceptional learners requiring educational interventions whose focus is on special kinds of learning experiences for their independence. Finally, the study discusses directions for developing a more just and inclusive version of the future curriculum that reflects PDS-based alternative ways of thinking about not only student agency but students’ differences, including disabilities.

Inference Engine driven by Situation-Based Correlation

Drawing an intelligible inference is a challenging aspect of correlation studies in data mining. Regression analysis and inferences drawn based on correlation of system state play important role in decision making. However, traditional regression algorithms operate on data in an opaque manner thereby shielding end user from knowing the reasoning behind the inference drawn. Such techniques also fail to learn from repetitive historical conditions occurring in the system over a longer time-span. In this paper, we propose a novel situation- based correlation technique which can be used to not only predict system behavior but also to convey reasoning behind the prediction. “Situation” can be defined as a more inclusive version of the system state, which encompasses variables, parameters, rules, and relationships that describe the behavior of the system over the span of finite time interval. The proposed algorithm identifies similar situations in high dimensional time- series records and produces interpretable digital record of matching situations. We then deploy the proposed situation- based correlation algorithm as core of inference engine to successfully demonstrate fully functional expert system. (Abstract)

Achieving Inclusive Microfinance: Recommendations from Catholic Social Teaching and Economic Development Literature

Microfinance programs are promoted as powerful tools for increasing financial inclusion and reducing poverty in the developing world. While these programs have shown promise, they often fail to reach the most marginalized potential clients and can actually increase exclusion through mechanisms such as social sanctions. In this paper, we review recent microfinance literature highlighting the benefits, drawbacks, and potential mechanisms of exclusion inherent in current microfinance models. We then outline principles, rooted in Catholic Social Teaching, that provide a fuller understanding of the human person and can help inform a more inclusive version of microfinance. Finally, we apply these principles and recent innovations in the economics literature to propose a list of practical recommendations for inclusive microfinance to achieve integral development.

National indifferences during everyday nationalism: Experiencing the nation in Finland in the aftermath of the Second World War

AbstractOur article discusses the adaptability of the concept of national indifference to the context of post‐war Finnish society and everyday nationalism. This period witnessed a transformation of previously exclusive and aggressive nationalism into a tempered and relatively inclusive version. Within this historical context, national indifference became an entangled category that could not be clearly attributed to a specific group of people but which carried with it a gradual change in subjective attitudes and consciousness. The case of post‐war Finland demonstrates that just as nationalism changed its shape over time, becoming subtly embedded in everyday life, so too did national indifference. The article thus argues that an increase in the level of national indifference could actually make space for national integration and, furthermore, that any given expressions of nationalism, as well as the lack of them, must be studied against the background of people's experiences, which lend historically conditioned meaning to national sentiment and indifference alike.

Inclusion as Assimilation, Integration, or Co-optation? A Post-Structural Analysis of Inclusion as Produced Through Mental Health Research on Peer Support.

In the last 20years, research on the inclusion of peer support within mental health settings has burgeoned, paralleling the broad adoption of service user inclusion within policy as a moral imperative and universally beneficial. Despite the seemingly progressive impetus behind inclusion, increasingly peer support workers talk of exhaustion working within mental health systems, the slow rate of change to oppressive values and practices, and ongoing experiences of workplace exclusion. Such experiences suggest differences in the way in which inclusion is produced across different stakeholder groups and contexts. In this article, we adopt Bacchi's 'what's the problem represented to be?' approach to identify how mental health research, often understood as an a-political activity, produces versions of inclusion. We argue current research predominantly produces inclusion as 'assimilation' and 'integration'. We use critical inclusion, mental health, and survivor scholarship to evaluate the effects these productions have for peer support and peer support workers, finding that both problematise peer support workers and those seeking support. We consider possibilities for more liberatory productions of inclusion, building on the notion of inclusion as 'co-optation'. Our analysis points to the need for researchers to engage with an uncomfortable reflexivity to enable more emancipatory possibilities regarding inclusion and peer support.

Radical Politics, Left Convergence And The War of Position

One of the central problems in leftist thought in the twenty-first century has been the ability to unite its various parts in order to develop some form of wider convergence capable of challenging the post-cold war neoliberal capitalist order. Despite numerous rich critiques of the workings of neoliberal capitalism, political strategy has all too often been recued to a renewal of a dated twentieth-century statist project on the one hand and an ambiguous process of civil contestation on the other. This article builds on recent calls for convergence on the left, particularly between the grand traditions of Marxism and Anarchism, which have seen an unparalleled renaissance in innovative development in the last thirty years. It suggests that an open-ended framework of Gramsci's 'war of position' provides an avenue for this convergence to build forms of political strategy. Whilst Gramscian hegemony has often been understood as one of the problematic concepts within leftist though and indeed one that has often led to divergence, it suggests that inclusive version of the term as applied by Stuart Hall and Raymond Williams remains one in which convergence can develop and thrive.

Traveling planning concepts revisited: how they land and why it matters

ABSTRACT What constitutes the “landing” of “traveling planning concepts” (TPCs) in new places remains conceptually elusive in the literature. To explore this process, this paper proposes a multidimensional conceptual framework that identifies key recurring activities during landing. The framework is applied to a qualitative analysis of the ongoing development of an innovation district in the rising yet unequal city of Medellín. The analysis reveals a process during which introductions of the concept with add-on components were legitimized based on translations adjusting it to the local circumstances, while governance procedures coordinated mandates for action, and a version of the concept gradually materialized. These recurring activities constituted mechanisms that generated the progression of landing through subsequent phases. In Medellín, the TPC resulted in a distributed model that corresponds neither to the prevailing innovation district concept nor the locally intended socially inclusive version. This paper contributes by showing why the analysis of landing processes is key to understanding whether, how, and in what form traveling planning concepts appear in new destinations. This novel framework enables a systematic and comprehensive identification of the causal process comprising the mechanisms that make both the TPC landing and the version of the TPC it produces unique.

The Black Badge of Courage: The Politics of Recording Black Union Army Service and the Militarization of Black History in the Civil War's Aftermath

Abstract Scholars have detailed how Black activists looked to public forums to secure Black soldiers’ valor in American memory following the Civil War. This article reveals that they were not the only operators preserving African Americans’ wartime contributions. Rather than gravitating toward orations or monuments like other prominent activists, William Wells Brown and Frances Rollin turned to the power of history during Reconstruction. Drawing together trends of antebellum historical writing and nationalism among African American intellectuals and leaders, Brown and Rollin constructed heroic, textual accounts of Black Civil War soldiers. Brown contended that the soldiers were crucial not only to abolition but also to rescuing the Union. With his The Negro in the American Rebellion (1867), Brown contributed to a more inclusive version of American nationalism. Rollin added an ethnographic argument, crafting a muscular retelling of Martin Delany's wartime service. Rollin's Life and Public Services of Martin R. Delany (1868) affirmed Black pride and annulled burgeoning racial tropes. As a result, by the 1870s, Brown and Rollin helped assure African Americans a place in the body politic and crafted an enduring symbol—the Black badge of courage—that cemented military service as a central theme of Black historical writing.

Black Women, Citizenship, and the Making of Modern Cuba

Black Women, Citizenship, and the Making of Modern Cuba

Creating Spaces for Intersubjectivity: A Sustainable Vision for Democratic Citizenship Education

Responding to the multiculturalist critiques of deliberative democratic education, Amy Gutmann and Sigal Ben-Porath suggested a more inclusive version of deliberative democratic education that emphasizes toleration, public recognition, and mutual respect. Despite its benefits and possibilities, however, their concept of democratic education fails to embrace poststructuralist ideas regarding democratic education. In the pursuit of a sustainable vision for democratic citizenship education, this study sought to conceptualize hybrid spaces wherein an ontology of plurality is woven into Gutmann and Ben-Porath’s idea of deliberative democratic education. By proposing an alternative way to integrate poststructuralist ideas such as intersubjective accounts of self-identity and human agency into the current practice of deliberative democratic education, the authors seek to promote continued dialogue on the purposes and possibilities of education for a more sustainable and democratic society.

Toward a post‐neoliberal social citizenship?

Toward a post‐neoliberal social citizenship?

Challenging EdTech: Towards a More Inclusive, Accessible and Purposeful Version of EdTech

Challenging EdTech: Towards a More Inclusive, Accessible and Purposeful Version of EdTech

Modes of historical memory: from Hegemonism to agonism

The article substantiates an agonistic approach to the historical memory of society, in which the latter is not a single hegemonic narrative, but a set of competing versions of the past. According to the author, the relevance of the agonistic regime of memory is connected with the fact that in the modern world the factor of mass migrations, the struggle for recognition by ethnic, racial and other minorities, the activation of regional identities introduces new mnemotic actors into the public space, challenging the established historical "canon". At the same time, an attempt to suppress counter-narratives usually causes the phenomenon of "mnemotic resistance", and therefore cannot be considered as a productive strategy. The agonistic approach to the politics of memory makes us evaluate resonant events around the Black Lives Matter movement in a different way, disputes over the concept of historical education, demands for renaming streets and squares, demolition of monuments, changes in memorable dates and holidays. The "rewriting of history" turns out not to be an existential threat to the national community, but a natural process of the nation's revision of ideas about itself. At the same time, it is fundamentally important that memorial conflicts take place within a common symbolic space, and discussions are held about the national past. This is the only way a truly inclusive version of historical memory can arise.

A New Result for ψ‐Hilfer Fractional Pantograph‐Type Langevin Equation and Inclusions

In this paper, we deal with the existence and uniqueness of solution for ψ‐Hilfer Langevin fractional pantograph differential equation and inclusion; these types of pantograph equations are a special class of delay differential equations. The existence and uniqueness results are obtained by making use of the Krasnoselskii fixed‐point theorem and Banach contraction principle, and for the inclusion version, we use the Martelli fixed‐point theorem to get the existence result. In the end, we are giving an example to illustrate our results.

Existence Results for the Solution of the Hybrid Caputo–Hadamard Fractional Differential Problems Using Dhage’s Approach

In this work, we explore the existence results for the hybrid Caputo–Hadamard fractional boundary value problem (CH-FBVP). The inclusion version of the proposed BVP with a three-point hybrid Caputo–Hadamard terminal conditions is also considered and the related existence results are provided. To achieve these goals, we utilize the well-known fixed point theorems attributed to Dhage for both BVPs. Moreover, we present two numerical examples to validate our analytical findings.

On the generalized fractional snap boundary problems via G-Caputo operators: existence and stability analysis

This research is conducted for studying some qualitative specifications of solution to a generalized fractional structure of the standard snap boundary problem. We first rewrite the mathematical model of the extended fractional snap problem by means of the mathbb{G}-operators. After finding its equivalent solution as a form of the integral equation, we establish the existence criterion of this reformulated model with respect to some known fixed point techniques. Then we analyze its stability and further investigate the inclusion version of the problem with the help of some special contractions. We present numerical simulations for solutions of several examples regarding the fractional mathbb{G}-snap system in different structures including the Caputo, Caputo–Hadamard, and Katugampola operators of different orders.

Analysing British Asian national sporting affiliations post-London 2012

London’s selection as hosts for the 2012 Olympic Games was a significant moment for Britain. It was a chance to reinforce, through sport, a collective and inclusive British national identity. Most international sporting contests draw on English rather than British loyalties and identity constructions. This might have been especially important for members of the large British Asian diaspora, many of whom feel excluded from ethnically exclusive and narrowly White notions of ‘Englishness’. This paper is framed within a post-London 2012 period and examines the role of sport in constructing and negotiating British Asian national identities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young British Asians in two English cities. For those who rejected an English national identity through sport, the Games presented an opportunity to connect with a more inclusive British version of sporting allegiance.

On partial fractional Sturm\u2013Liouville equation and inclusion

The Sturm–Liouville differential equation is one of interesting problems which has been studied by researchers during recent decades. We study the existence of a solution for partial fractional Sturm–Liouville equation by using the α-ψ-contractive mappings. Also, we give an illustrative example. By using the α-ψ-multifunctions, we prove the existence of solutions for inclusion version of the partial fractional Sturm–Liouville problem. Finally by providing another example and some figures, we try to illustrate the related inclusion result.