Inclusion Of Prebiotics Research Articles

Exploring the Anti-Obesity Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Rats; An Experimental Study

Background: Excessive body fat, or obesity, poses a significant global health concern. Research has highlighted the connection between gut microbiota and obesity. This study aimed to investigate whether the administration of prebiotics and probiotics significantly contributes to controlling obesity in a rat model with induced obesity through a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: This experimental study involved 50 healthy male Albino Wistar Rats, aged between 10-14 weeks and weighing between 140-180 grams, whereas female rats and rats with any disease were excluded. They were divided into five groups: control (G-I), HFD alone (G-II), Prebiotic + HFD (G-III), Probiotics + HFD (G-IV), and Prebiotic + Probiotics + HFD (G-V). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, calculating Mean±S.D. ANOVA and post-hoc tests assessed weight changes between groups, with p-values ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Weight changes were observed across all groups on days 0, 35, and 98. The percentages of mean weight change from day 0 to 98 were as follows: G-I, 11.08%; G-II, 47.98%; G-III, 29.88%; G-IV, 29.58%; and G-V, 20.54%. Significant differences (p<0.001) were noted among the groups. Conclusion: Results in our study indicated that the inclusion of prebiotics and probiotics in the diet of rats following an HFD yields a beneficial outcome in terms of reduction of body weight. This positive effect is attributed to the stimulation and enhancement of the activity of beneficial gut bacteria. The synergistic interaction between prebiotics, probiotics, and the gut microbiota shows promise in mitigating obesity through targeted dietary interventions.

Effects of feeding eubiotics as antibiotic substitutes on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and microbiology of broilers

The inclusion of prebiotics and/or probiotics in broiler diets as a substitute for antibiotics is a topic of interest in poultry nutrition research due to concerns about antibiotic resistance and the need for sustainable poultry production practices. A total of 200 one-day-old chicks were housed in 40 cages, with eight cages repeated per treatment. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with one of five feed treatments at the following rates: 0 (control), 0.05 g Neoxyval/kg (antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP)), 0.2 g GalliPro®/kg (probiotic), 0.6 g TechnoMos®/kg (prebiotic) and a mixture of 0.2 g GalliPro®/kg + 0.6 g TechnoMos®/kg (symbiotic). During 0–42 days, the growth performance of broilers, carcass characteristics and intestinal histomorphology were investigated. The AGP, prebiotic and probiotic-treated birds outperformed the control and symbiotic-treated groups in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion, performance index and feed efficiency. The birds given AGP and probiotics had the longest partial and total small intestine length, while the birds given prebiotics had the smallest. In addition, prebiotic-treated birds had longer ileum villi and higher ileal lactic acid bacteria colonies than control and AGP-treated birds. Clostridium perfringens was eradicated from the ileum by probiotics, but not from the caecum. In conclusion, probiotics and prebiotics can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets.

The Role of Nutritional Factors in the Modulation of the Composition of the Gut Microbiota in People with Autoimmune Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease marked by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and the presence of autoantibodies. The gut microbiota has been shown to be involved in the alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as strengthening immunity, thus its’ possible involvement in the pathogenesis of T1DM has been highlighted. The goal of the present study is to analyze information on the relationship between the structure of the intestinal microbiome and the occurrence of T1DM. The modification of the intestinal microbiota can increase the proportion of SCFA-producing bacteria, which could in turn be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of T1DM. The increased daily intake of soluble and non-soluble fibers, as well as the inclusion of pro-biotics, prebiotics, herbs, spices, and teas that are sources of phytobiotics, in the diet, could be important in improving the composition and activity of the microbiota and thus in the prevention of metabolic disorders. Understanding how the microbiota interacts with immune cells to create immune tolerance could enable the development of new therapeutic strategies for T1DM and improve the quality of life of people with T1DM.

Caecal bacterial composition of broiler chickens affected by porang glucomannan

Glucomannan is consisted of D-glucose and D-mannose with β-1.4 linkages. Poultry had no enzyme to digest β linkage so that porang (Amorphophallus onchophyllus) glucomannan could be a prebiotic candidate. The study purposed to determine the effect of porang glucomannan on caecum bacterial composition (similarity, diversity, grouping of bacteria) using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms method and performance (body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio) of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty unsexed day old chicks (DOC) were divided into 6 treat-ments and 3 replicates (10 birds each) using completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were P0 (basal feed), P1 (basal feed + 0.05% porang glucomannan), P2 (basal feed + 0.1% porang glu-comannan), P3 (basal feed + 0.15% porang glucomannan), KJ (basal feed + 0.1% commercial konjac glucomannan), and KM (commercial feed). The results showed that caecal bacterial composition of porang glucomannan treatment had similarity with konjac glucomannan and basal feed. Diversity index and species number of porang glucomannan treatment was higher than konjac glucomannan. Gluco-mannan prebiotics had higher Lactobacillus while the lowest Clostridium was obtained in 0.1% porang glucomannan treatment. The inclusion of glucomannan prebiotics gave no negative effect on the per-formance of broilers.

A Review of some prebiotics and probiotics supplementation effects on farmed fishes: with special reference to Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS)

Aquaculture has been increasingly contributing to animal protein production during the last few decades. Tilapia is known as one of the highly valuable fish cultured in wide geographical areas in several countries as a source of animal protein including Egypt. Tilapia has the merit of tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions and ability to utilize food from the lowest trophic levels. The intensification of aquaculture production is usually challenged by infections including bacterial and parasitic burdens, which obligates the use of chemicals and antibiotics to control disease outbreaks. The injudicious use of antibiotics inevitably led to expansion of resistance, mutant pathogenic strains and detrimental effects to fish and consumer health. Therefore, it is imperative to find alternative ecofriendly sources as prebiotics and probiotics which can improve fish health, performance, and immunity without any side effects to the fish themselves or the consumer health. Prebiotics are known as a group of non-digestible food ingredients which encourage the growth of advantageous microorganisms in the gastro-intestinal tract. Like probiotics and synbiotics, inclusion of prebiotics as feed supplements into diets of farmed fishes is usually accompanied by immunomodulation and increased resistance of fish against serious bacterial agents as Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The current review article focuses on the potential effects of probiotics and MOS-containing prebiotics on health status, immune response and survivability of farmed fishes specially referring to Nile tilapia.

Inclusion of Probiotics into Fermented Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Milk: An Overview of Challenges and Opportunities

Buffalo-milk-based dairy products provide various health benefits to humans since buffalo milk serves as a rich source of protein, fat, lactose, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin A and natural antioxidants. Dairy products such as Meekiri, Dadih, Dadi and Lassie, which are derived from Artisanal fermentation of buffalo milk, have been consumed for many years. Probiotic potentials of indigenous microflora in fermented buffalo milk have been well documented. Incorporation of certain probiotics into the buffalo-milk-based dairy products conferred vital health benefits to the consumers, although is not a common practice. However, several challenges are associated with incorporating probiotics into buffalo-milk-based dairy products. The viability of probiotic bacteria can be reduced due to processing and environmental stress during storage. Further, incompatibility of probiotics with traditional starter cultures and high acidity of fermented dairy products may lead to poor viability of probiotics. The weak acidifying performance of probiotics may affect the organoleptic quality of fermented dairy products. Besides these challenges, several innovative technologies such as the use of microencapsulated probiotics, ultrasonication, the inclusion of prebiotics, use of appropriate packaging and optimal storage conditions have been reported, promising stability and viability of probiotics in buffalo-milk-based fermented dairy products.

Probiotics, Prebiotics and Other Dietary Supplements for Gut Microbiota Modulation in Celiac Disease Patients.

To date, the only available treatment for celiac disease (CD) patients is a life-lasting gluten-free diet (GFD). Lack of adherence to the GFD leads to a significant risk of adverse health consequences. Food cross-contamination, nutritional imbalances, and persistent gastrointestinal symptoms are the main concerns related to GFD. Moreover, despite rigid compliance to GFD, patients struggle in achieving a full restoring of the gut microbiota, which plays a role in the nutritive compounds processing, and absorption. Pivotal studies on the supplementation of GFD with probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli, reported a potential to restore gut microbiota composition and to pre-digest gluten in the intestinal lumen, reducing the inflammation associated with gluten intake, the intestinal permeability, and the cytokine and antibody production. These findings could explain an improvement in symptoms and quality of life in patients treated with GFD and probiotics. On the other hand, the inclusion of prebiotics in GFD could also be easy to administer and cost-effective as an adjunctive treatment for CD, having the power to stimulate the growth of potentially health-promoting bacteria strains. However, evidence regarding the use of prebiotics and probiotics in patients with CD is still insufficient to justify their use in clinical practice.

Development of a bioactive synbiotic edible film based on cassava starch, inulin, and Lactobacillus casei

One of the most important trends in the development of edible films is the inclusion of both probiotics and prebiotics in the polymeric matrix, so they can play an active role in the health of consumers. In this paper, a synbiotic film made from cassava starch as polymeric matrix, inulin as prebiotic molecule, and L. casei as the probiotic bacteria was developed. Several assays have been conducted on the effect of inulin concentration on the rheological, mechanical, barrier, and optical properties of the films, as well as on the effect of including probiotic bacteria in the films. Results showed that inulin has a plasticizing effect on the polymeric matrix, thus increasing its elongation at break, while reducing its tensile strength. Furthermore, the high water solubility of inulin increases significantly the film's water vapor permeability, so a threshold of 0.5% inulin was chosen for probiotic bacteria inclusion. Viability of L. casei during the film storage at 10 and 25 °C was also studied. Results showed reduced viability due to storage stress. However, this was slower at lower temperatures. Viability in simulated gastric conditions was also studied, lower viability values on cassava starch films that when inulin was included. Given that cassava starch is known for its low resistance to acid hydrolysis that leaves L. casei unprotected in gastric media; however, inulin seems to have a protective effect on the probiotic bacteria, thus decreasing the viability loss.

English

The use of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics as remedial measures against fish diseases has been questioned. The huge amounts of antibiotics used in animal husbandry has exerted a very strong selection pressure on the resistance among bacteria, which have adapted to this situation, mainly by a horizontal and philandering flow of resistance genes. Prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics have been proposed as strategic means to enhance feed utilization, growth and immunity in fish production. In the present trial, a total of 180 fish was divided into 4 groups of 3 replicates each. Each replicate contained 15 fish. The formulated diets were supplemented with prebiotic (Sargassum muticum), probiotic (Parkia biglobosa) and symbiotics (a combination of Parkia biglobosa and Sargassum muticum). Efficiency of the inclusion of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics in formulated diets was evaluated in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 2.53±0.05g). Formulated diet was fed 5% body weight to a group of 15 fish (in 3 replica) for 12 weeks, compared to fish fed control pellet containing similar ingredients but was not supplemented. Results showed on the skin of fish fed probiotics diet recorded improved GST and SOD activity and less CAT activity whereas in the liver fish fed prebiotic and symbiotic diet showed improved GST and CAT activity relative to the control. There were significant (p<0.05) differences between fish fed the control diet and all treatments (prebiotic, probiotic, symbiotics). It may be concluded based on the results recorded in this study that prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics supplementation in diets has positive effect on antioxidant enzyme activity in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus to improve resistance against bacterial infections. Key words: African catfish, antioxidant enzyme, feed utilization, growth, diets. &nbsp

The Effects of Fermentable Dietary Fiber on Performance and Metabolism of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of new prebiotics in the diet on performance and metabolism (liver protein, glucose and glycogen) of Nile tilapia. For 60 days, 720 Nile tilapia (3.4 ± 0.60 g) were maintained in 24 polypropylene tanks (280 liters). Fish were fed with experimental diets with addition of 2.5 and 5 g kg-1 of dietary fiber of citrus pulp (DFCP), dietary fiber of linseed (DFL) and Actigen®. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3x2 factorial arrangement. At the end of the period, there was higher final weight of tilapias fed on diets containing DFCP and DFL, and regardless of prebiotic, the best results in the final weight and length were observed for inclusion of 2.5 g kg-1. There was higher body protein deposition in tilapia fed on diets containing DFCP, without differences from those with inclusion of DFL. Total fat deposition was higher for the lowest level of inclusion (2.5 g kg-1). The digestive somatic index was higher for the diet with inclusion of DFCP, which did not differ from the diet with inclusion of Actigen®. There were higher concentrations of liver glycogen in the diets containing DFCP and Actigen®. Faced with the search for alternative growth promoters, this study confirms the possibility of using the new prebiotics (DFCP and DFL) in nutrition of Nile tilapia, because they showed efficiency equivalent to the prebiotic Actigen®.

Sensory methods applied to the development of probiotic and prebiotic foods.

Food containing probiotics and prebiotics is one of the top-selling functional foods around the world. For the foods containing probiotics and prebiotics to be successful, their inclusion can not detract from a consumers' liking of the food product or impart negative sensory properties in the food product. Sensory analysis must be completed to ensure the inclusion of prebiotics and probiotics does not detract from the food item. Sensory analysis allows food product developers to make educated decisions and evaluate the sensory properties of new food products, including functional foods containing probiotics and prebiotics. Additionally, food product developers need a clear understanding of which method or technique should be used based on the objective of the testing, experimental design, validity and reliability of the method. This chapter focuses on the importance of sensory evaluation techniques in the development of functional food containing prebiotics and probiotics. Examples of sensory methodologies and their application to the production of food containing probiotics and prebiotics will be presented.

Fermentation capacities of fructan- and pectin-rich by-products and purified fractions via an in vitro piglet faecal model.

Dietary strategies such as the inclusion of prebiotics have been suggested for modulating intestinal microbiota. In piglets, this strategy could result in a reduction of post-weaning-associated disorders and the use of antibiotics. To date, mainly purified fractions have been tested for their prebiotic effects at weaning while trials of potential health-promoting effects of products and corresponding by-products remain rare. In this study, fructan- and pectin-based ingredients have been tested in a two-step in vitro model for their fermentation kinetics as well as for their short-chain fatty acid production and microbiota profiles in fermentation broth as indicators for their prebiotic activity. Chicory root, in contrast to chicory pulp, exhibited an extensive and rapid fermentation similar to inulin and oligofructose, although butyrate levels of root and pulp did not reach those of the purified fractions. Chicory pulp showed higher relative levels of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium cluster IV and butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA transferase gene abundance compared to chicory root. Sugar beet pulp, orange and citrus by-products displayed extensive gas fermentation patterns, equivalent to those of purified pectin, and revealed an elevated butyrate production compared to purified pectin. Moreover, several orange and citrus by-products displayed significantly higher relative levels of Bifidobacterium spp. in comparison to purified pectin. Chicory root and pulp as well as orange and citrus by-products appear to be promising ingredients for piglet diets for modulating intestinal fermentation for health purposes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

PSVII-19 Potential biomarkers of intestinal injury and inflammation in nursery pigs fed prebiotics

Abstract Prebiotics may alter protein fermentation and reduce biogenic amines that cause intestinal injury and inflammation. Biochemical markers are important in assessing gut integrity and inflammation, especially in evaluating efficacy of interventions for intestinal health at weaning. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weaning and dietary prebiotics on potential biomarkers of intestinal barrier integrity and immunity. Sixty-four pigs (21 d; BW 6 ± 0.5 kg) of mixed sex were used to test 4 dietary treatments with 4 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. Pens were randomly allocated to 1 of the 4 diets following completely randomized design in a 2-phase 28-d feeding experiment. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean based diet (Control), Control + fructooligosaccharide (FOS), Control + chicory pulp (PC) and Control + sugar beet pulp + (SBP). Prebiotics were incorporated in the diet by partially replacing corn at rate of 0.05 and 0.1% in phase 1 and 2, respectively. Blood samples were collected from 2 pigs per treatment on d 0, 14 and 28 and analyzed for concentrations of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP), and diamine oxidase (DAO). Dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance. The TJP1 concentration increased with time (P < 0.001). The DAO and IFABP concentrations decreased (P < 0.001) over time. Pigs fed FOS and PC had lower concentrations of DAO (P = 0.034) and IFABP (P = 0.043) than Control and SBP at d 14. Results show that TJP1, DAO, and IFABP serum concentrations vary over the weaning period which may be indicative of intestinal restitution in response to weaning stress. Moreover, inclusion of prebiotics in the diet may affect serum biomarkers which may support the inclusion of prebiotics to improve gut health in weaned pigs.

The effects of prebiotics on growth performance and in vitro immune biomarkers in weaned pigs.

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effects of prebiotics in nursery pigs on growth performance and immune biomarkers. Sixty-four weaned pigs (31 ± 1 d; BW 8 ± 0.1 kg) of mixed gender were housed (4 pigs/pen) in an environmentally controlled nursery with ad libitum access to feed and water over a 35-d study. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: control (53% corn, 32% SBM, 7% fishmeal, 8% others), control + 2.5% GroBiotic-S (GS), control + 0.05% chicory (CL), or control + 0.5% chicory (CH). Feeders and pigs were weighed weekly. On day 21, blood samples were obtained from three pigs/treatment for collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Isolated PBMC were cultured and subsequently challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 ng/mL). Cell culture supernatants were collected for quantification of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, respectively. Dietary treatment had no effect on BW. At days 28 to 35, pigs fed GS (790 ± 15 g), CL (704 ± 15 g), or CH (692 ± 15 g) had greater (P < 0.05) ADG compared with control (643 ± 15 g) pigs. In addition, overall (days 0–35), pigs fed GS (823 ± 18 g), CL (783 ± 18 g), or CH (782 ± 18 g) had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI compared with control, and ADFI for GS-fed pigs was greater (P < 0.05) than either CL or CH. There was no difference in G:F among treatments. In vitro LPS challenge increased (P < 0.05) IL-8 secretion from PBMC isolated from CL (23,731 ± 3,221 pg/mL) pigs compared with control (10,061 ± 3,221 pg/mL) and CH (12,411 ± 3,221 pg/mL) pigs. Secretion of IL-10 from PBMC isolated from CL (63 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs was greater (P < 0.05) compared with control (22 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs and tended (P < 0.1) to be greater compared with CH (34 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs. Results indicate that inclusion of prebiotics in nursery pig diets has positive effects on growth performance and may have immunomodulatory effects (in vitro) on cells isolated from prebiotic-fed pigs.

Effects of dietary inclusion of commercial toxin binders and prebiotics on performance and immune responses of broiler chicks fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the dietary inclusion of commercial toxin binders (CTs) and prebiotics on growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology and blood variables of broiler chicks fed with aflatoxin and non-aflatoxin-contaminated diets. Six hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks, initial weight of 42 ± 3 g, were used in 10 treatments with six replications (n = 10 birds). ASRI1 and ASRI2 commercial toxin binders and lactose prebiotic were included in their diets. Experimental diets included: 1) basal diet without aflatoxin and additives (NC); 2) basal diet containing aflatoxin (PC); 3) NC diet containing ARSI1; 4) NC diet containing ARSI2; 5) NC diet containing prebiotics; 6) PC diet containing ARSI1; 7) PC diet containing ARSI2; 8) PC diet containing prebiotics; 9) PC diet containing ARSI1+prebiotics; and 10) PC diet containing ARSI2+prebiotics. Growth performance, humoral and cellular immune responses, jejunal morphology and some blood variables were assessed. Results showed that broiler chicks fed with a PC diet showed a higher feed conversion ratio and lower body weight in the grower and finisher periods. Broiler chicks fed with PC diets showed lower immunoglobulin G and M and also cellular immunities compared to the NC diet. The PC group also showed lower values for villus length, villus width and crypt depth, and higher values for liver enzyme activities compared to the PC diet. However, dietary inclusion of prebiotics and CTs, in single and combined form, improved growth performance in grower and finisher periods, cellular and humoral immunities, intestinal morphology and the serum concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and liver enzyme activities of broiler chicks fed with aflatoxin. Keywords: Aflatoxin, ASRI1 toxin binder, broiler chicks, growth performance, humoral immunity

Inclusion of prebiotics on the viability of a commercial Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus culture in a tropical fruit beverage.

The viability of probiotics in the development of functional tropical fruit beverages is a technological challenge that may benefit from the addition of prebiotics, due to the synergistic (synbiotic) interaction. This study evaluated the viability of a commercial probiotic (Lactobacillus casei) in a blended red fruit beverage (RFB; 20% strawberry, 10% blackberry and 5% papaya), enriched with three separate prebiotics: inulin (IN), fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides, added at 1 and 5%. The consumer preference for the beverages was also examined. The inoculum was produced in MRS broth supplemented with 10% RFB, which reached the exponential phase (9.96 log CFUmL-1) after incubation at 37°C for 24h. In search of the probiotic strain's adaptation and viability in the presence of the different prebiotics (measured by optical density, OD600 nm), the prebiotics were added to MRS broth at 1 and 5%. Since 1% IN (OD = 3.99 ± 0.36) and 1% FOS (OD = 3.48 ± 0.28) were the most significant, these treatments, without inoculation of probiotics, were assessed by the sensory panel. Although neither RFB was significantly preferred the RFB with 1% IN received the greatest number of responses (n = 33/60). Its effect on the viability of L. casei inoculated in the RFB was monitored by the growth kinetics at 37°C for 50h. The findings indicated that fortification with 1% IN could have a possible protective effect on the stability of L. casei in RFBs, highlighting the use of tropical fruits as potential carriers of probiotics.

The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) innate immunity and gut health are modulated by dietary plant-protein inclusion and prebiotic supplementation

Inclusion of prebiotics in aqua feeds, though a costly strategy, has increased as a means to improve growth. Still, its effects on health improvement are not fully disclosed. Regarding their immunestimulatory properties, research has focused on carbohydrates such as fructooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides demonstrating their modulatory effects on immune defences in higher vertebrates but few studies have been done on their impact on fish immunity. Replacing fish meal (FM) by plant protein (PP) sources is a current practice in the aquaculture business but their content in antinutrients is still a drawback in terms of gut well-functioning. This work intends to evaluate the short-term effect (7 or 15 days feeding the experimental diets) on juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune status of dietary i) replacement of FM by PP sources; ii) prebiotics supplementation. Six isoproteic (46%) and isolipidic (15%) diets were tested including a FM control diet (FMCTRL), a PP control diet (PPCTRL, 30 FM:70 PP) and four other diets based on either FM or PP to which short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) or xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were added at 1% (FMFOS, PPFOS, FMXOS, PPXOS).The replacement of FM by PP in the diets induced nitric oxide (NO) and lysozyme production, while immunoglobulins (Ig), monocytes percentage and gut interleukin 10 (IL10) gene expression were inhibited. Dietary scFOS supplementation inhibited total bactericidal activity and neutrophils relative percentage regardless protein source and increased plasma NO and thrombocytes percentage in fish fed FM-based diets, while monocytes percentage was increased in PPFOS-fed fish. XOS supplementation down-regulated immune gene expression in the gut while it partly enhanced systemic response. Inconsistency among results regarding FM replacement by PP-based ingredients exposes the need for further research considering both local and systemic responses. Distinct outcomes of prebiotic supplementation were highlighted reflecting sight-specific effects with no clear interaction with protein source.

1012 Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics and prebiotics (SynerAll) on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

1012 Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics and prebiotics (SynerAll) on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

Effects of dietary inclusion of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on intestinal histological changes in challenged broiler chickens

The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of probiotics, prebiotics and their combination on intestinal histological changes in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens . Two hundred and forty newly hatched male broilers (Ross 308) were equally distributed into six treatments: negative control group: unsupplemented unchallenged birds; positive control group: unsupplemented challenged birds; neoxyval-fed group: 0.5 g/kg diet (antibiotic) challenged birds; GalliPro-fed group: 0.6 g/kg diet (probiotic), challenged birds; TechnoMos-fed group: 0.75 g/kg diet (prebiotic), challenged birds; and synbiotic-fed group: birds challenged by C. Perfringens (4 x 10 8 CFU /mL). At 35 days old, samples from the ileum and jejunum were collected for histological measurements (height, width and villus surface area), and histopathological changes were assessed. The results showed that the length and surface area of villi in the ileum and jejunum were lower in the positive control, whereas length and surface area of villi in the ileum and jejunum of all feed additive treatments were higher, compared with the positive control and antibiotics. Necrotic enteritis (NE) development was evident in the positive control group. Signs of necrosis of the mucosal membranes, haemorrhage and fibrosis with depletions of gut associated lymph follicle (GALF) in submucosal layer were very clear. Pathological changes improved in all feed additives, except for the antibiotics. These results indicated that alternatives to antibiotics could be used to improve the length and surface area of a villus and the health of the animal by suppressing C. perfringens . Keywords: Broiler chickens, Clostridium perfringens , histomorphometric and histopathology changes

Economic evaluation of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics in juvenile Nile tilapia

This study aimed to evaluate economically the inclusion of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics in diets of Nile tilapia (4.07 ± 0.30 g), at two stocking densities (0.6 and 1.2 kg m-3). A total of 288 fish were distributed over 32 tanks (40 L) in a completely randomised design, in a 2 x 4 factorial (stocking density x additives), with four replications, over six weeks. The following were evaluated: total feed consumption (FC), final biomass (FB), relative gain in biomass (RGB), apparent feed conversion (AFC), survival rate (SUR), average cost of feed per kg of live weight gain (ACF), total cost of feed (TCF), total cost of production (TCP), gross income (GI), operating profit (OP) and economic efficiency index (EEI). No effect was seen the evaluated parameters from the interaction (p>0.05) between stocking density and inclusion of the feed additives. No influence was observed (p>0.05) on SUR from the stocking density, although this significantly influenced the parameters FB, FC, RGB, AFC, ACF, TCF, TCP, GI and OP. There was no significant influence from the inclusion of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics on FC, SUR and TCF, however there was an influence (p<0.05) on the parameters FB, RGB, AFC, ACF, TCP, GI and OP. The control diet at the higher density displayed the worst EEI. The best EEI was obtained by fish at the lower density which received feed with added probiotics and symbiotics. The best indices of economic and zootechnical performance obtained demonstrate the economic viability of including prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics in the diets of Nile tilapia.