Inclination Of Maxillary Incisors Research Articles

Effects of single unilaterally impacted mesiodens on maxillary central incisors: A 3D quantitative assessment based on cone-beam computed tomography.

Mesiodens usually lead to the malposition and abnormal morphology of maxillary central incisors. To evaluate the detrimental effects of single unilaterally impacted mesiodens on the three-dimensional positions and morphology of the maxillary central incisor using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) examinations. A total of 321 patients aged 5-17 years with single unilaterally impacted mesiodens were included and divided into two groups: mixed dentition group (5-10 years) and early permanent dentition group (11-17 years). CBCT data for these patients were retrospectively analyzed to compare the inclination, rotation, angulation, and morphology of maxillary central incisors between the affected and contralateral control sides. The morphology, orientation, and spatial location of mesiodens were also assessed. Central incisors on the affected side showed significant palatal crown inclination, shorter root, shorter tooth, and greater crown-to-root ratio in both groups, whereas significant mesial crown angulation was only observed in the mixed dentition group. Impacted mesiodentes result in the displacement and impaired root development of central incisors, strongly suggesting timely clinical management of these abnormal teeth, such as the early removal of mesiodens and orthodontic treatments.

Soft-tissue profile changes in adult patients treated with premolar extractions

The objective of this study was to identify the soft-tissue profile changes and the potential pretreatment cephalometric parameters that clinicians could use to predict the lip response after premolar extraction treatment in adult patients. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 75 white patients treated with premolar extractions were analyzed. The following initial cephalometric measurements were recorded: upper and lower lip to E-plane, vermilion thickness, lip length, maxillary and mandibular incisor inclination, and mentolabial and nasolabial angle. Pretreatment and posttreatment radiographs were superimposed using the Björk structural method to record lip retraction and incisor/lip retraction ratio. Pearson correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare lip retraction and incisor/lip retraction ratio with the cephalometric variables. The sample was divided according to different extraction patterns. The mean upper and lower lip retraction values were 1.4 mm and 1.7 mm, respectively. Vermilion thickness showed a negative and statistically significant correlation (P<0.05) with lip retraction and incisor/lip retraction ratio. In addition, the mean incisor/lip retraction ratio was 61% and 98% for the upper and lower thin lip, respectively, whereas the mean incisor/lip retraction ratio was 17% and 44% for the upper and lower thick lip, respectively. The comparison among extraction patterns did not highlight any noticeable difference. The choice of a specific extraction pattern did not impact lip response. The vermilion thickness was the key factor influencing lip retraction: an increase in this parameter was related to a decrease in lip retraction and vice versa.

Perception of maxillary incisor inclination and its correlation with dental cephalometric measurements.

To correlate the clinical perception of maxillary incisor inclination from photographs of the smiling face with cephalometric measurements, using conventional incisor axis reference points and crown reference points. Cross-sectional study. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Lisbon (Portugal). Eight orthodontists. The perception of maxillary incisor inclination of 47 female patients (mean age 23.4 ± 1.5 years) was evaluated by eight orthodontists. The participants' photographs (smiling frontal, smiling three-quarter and smiling profile) were shown to each assessor and a continuous visual analogue rating scale was used to assess the perception of maxillary incisor inclination. Pearson's correlation and linear regression were calculated between each cephalometric measurement and the perception of incisor inclination. Anatomical crown inclination measurements U1ac-FH (r = 0.854; P < 0.01) and U1ac-SN (r = 0.845; P < 0.01) had the highest correlation values with the assessors' perception of maxillary incisor inclination. Conventional incisor axis measurements showed the lowest correlation values (r = 0.668-0.756). Cephalometric measurements of the labial surface of the anatomical crown of the maxillary incisors showed the strongest correlations with the clinical perception of maxillary incisor inclination from photographs. For optimal aesthetics, the inclination of the labial surface of maxillary incisor crown should be evaluated.

The Efficiency of Segmental Le Fort I Surgery in Clear Aligner Therapy of Skeletal Class III Deformity: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of segmental Le Fort I osteotomy in clear aligner therapy of skeletal Class III deformities and to explore whether Le Fort I segmental osteotomy was effective for maxillary incisor axis correction and reduced the duration of perioperative orthodontics. Patients who had skeletal Class III deformities (ANB<0) treated with extraction of the maxillary first premolars, segmental Le Fort I osteotomy, and clear aligners therapy were included in this retrospective study. We measured the amount of tooth extraction space that was closed by surgery and recorded the preoperative orthodontic and total treatment duration. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed to measure changes of maxillary incisor inclination before treatment (T0), 1 week before surgery (T1), 1 week after surgery (T2), and after total orthodontic treatment (T3). Statistical analyses were performed, and the P value was set at 0.05. The sample was composed of 15 patients aged 19 to 30 (M=22.9) years. The average preoperative orthodontic treatment duration was 16.2±5.22mo, with 33.5 pairs of clear aligners. The gap at the extraction site decreased from 5.42±1.57mm to 0.80±0.62mm on average after surgery. U1-SN and U1-NA(deg) increased sparingly with preoperative decompensation, decreased in quantity after surgery, and then slightly increased with postoperative compensation (T2<T3<T0<T1; △ U1-SN, △ U1-NA: T1-T2, P <0.05; T0 - T1 and T2-T3, P >0.05). Le Fort I segmental osteotomy assisted decompensation of the upper anterior teeth and reduced the duration of preoperative orthodontics with clear aligners.

Influence of alveolar bone thickness and bucco-palatal inclination on root resorption of lateral incisors in unilateral maxillary impacted canines: a retrospective observational study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the potential associations between alveolar bone thickness, bucco-palatal inclination of maxillary lateral incisors, and lateral incisor root resorption in patients with unilateral maxillary impacted canines (UMICs).MethodsA total of three hundred and five subjects (120 males, 185 females; mean age, 16.39 years; standard deviation, 4.04) with UMICs were included. Canine position and root resorption were assessed using CBCT. UMICs were divided into palatal, buccal and mid-alveolus groups (PICs, BICs and MAICs), with 117, 137 and 51 subjects, respectively. Alveolar bone thickness and bucco-palatal inclination of lateral incisors were measured using the Dolphin software.ResultsThe prevalence of lateral incisor root resorption was significantly lower in the BICs (13.9%) than MAICs (29.4%) and PICs (29.1%). Alveolar bone thickness of the apical area was smaller in UMICs with lateral incisor root resorption than no resorption in both PICs (8.33 ± 1.64 vs 10.53 ± 2.55 mm) and BICs (8.94 ± 1.85 vs 10.76 ± 2.28 mm). Furthermore, lateral incisors on the impacted side were more buccally inclined in PICs with lateral incisor root resorption than no resorption, while in both BICs and MAICs, there was no statistical difference between lateral incisor root resorption than no resorption. Moreover, alveolar bone thickness of the apical area, rather than bucco-palatal inclination of lateral incisors, was significantly correlated with lateral incisor root resorption both in PICs and BICs.ConclusionsLateral incisor root resorption is less common in BICs. Thinner alveolar bone thickness at the apical area of lateral incisors can be considered as a potential risk factor for lateral incisor root resorption in UMICs.

ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE THICKNESS OF ALVEOLAR BONE AND POSITION OF INCISOR IN CLASS I AND II MALOCCLUSIONS THROUGH LATERAL CEPHALOGRAMS

To assess the inclination of incisors and thickness of alveolar bone in malocclusions of Class I and Class II. A comparative study was conducted on 114 individuals in which incisor inclinations and their relationships with the alveolar bone were assessed by using lateral cephalograms. In the study individuals with Class I malocclusion, with a mean age of 18.6 years were recruited along with the individuals of Class II malocclusions with a mean age of 18.27 years. Almost, 114 lateral cephalograms were taken from the individuals. Out of them, 51 had class II malocclusion and 63 had class I malocclusion. The overall mandibular alveolar thickness showed no statistically significant difference between class I and class II malocclusion (P=.086), while there was a slight but statistically significant variation in the maxillary alveolar thickness (P=0.029). There was no significant distinction in the maxillary incisor inclination between the two groups (P=.603), whereas the root apex location lower labial was considerably more posterior (P &lt;.001). However, it was discovered that Class II malocclusion patients had a substantially higher mandibular incisor inclination (P=.004). In the study, the position of the mandibular incisor root apex varied significantly across classes I and II. The mandibular incisor root apex was therefore more posteriorly positioned in class II relative to the alveolar center.

Correlation between Cleft Width and Adjacent Teeth Inclination in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using CBCT: A Retrospective Study.

To evaluate buccolingual and mesiodistal inclination of cleft-adjacent maxillary permanent central incisors (U1) and canines (U3) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in the late mixed dentition and to investigate the correlation between the alveolar cleft width and cleft-adjacent teeth inclination using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Observational cross-sectional retrospective study. Department of Orthodontics, Hama University Dental School. 32 patients with UCLP (22 boys, 10 girls; mean age = 10.53 ± 1.51 years). Buccolingual and mesiodistal inclination of maxillary central incisors and canines were measured on both sides. Then, the cleft and non-cleft sides were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Pearson's correlation was used to explore the association between the alveolar cleft width and cleft-adjacent U1 and U3 buccolingual and mesiodistal inclination. The cleft-adjacent central incisors were significantly inclined lingually and distally compared with their non-cleft antimeres (P = .003, P < .001, respectively). The cleft-adjacent canines were significantly inclined buccally and mesially compared with their non-cleft antimeres (P < .001, for both). A positive correlation was found between the buccolingual inclination of cleft-adjacent U1 and the alveolar cleft width (r = 0.49, P = .004). Patients with UCLP demonstrated a significant lingual and distal inclination of cleft-adjacent U1 and a significant buccal and mesial inclination of cleft-adjacent U3. The buccolingual inclination of cleft-adjacent U1 tends to increase with increasing the alveolar cleft width; however, the correlation was weak.

Reliability and safety of miniscrew insertion planning with the use of lateral cephalograms assessed on corresponding cone-beam computer tomography images.

Recently, lateral cephalograms have been proposed for guided miniscrew insertion planning. Therefore, the aim was to assess the reliability and safety of such planning on corresponding cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) images. Intraoral scans, lateral cephalograms, and CBCT images of 52 subjects (even sexes distribution), aged 15.1 ± 2.5 years, were included. Miniscrew (n = 104) insertion planning was performed using lateral cephalograms superimposed on the maxillary intraoral scans, while the assessment of their bicortical placement, length in bone, contact with adjacent teeth, incisive canal, and nasal floor perforation was done on corresponding superimposed CBCT images. Moreover, maxillary incisor inclination, crowding, and the maxillary intercanine width were measured. The overall miniscrew length in bone was 7.2 ± 1.3mm. Bicortical placement was seen in 58.7% of the sample (38.5% of subjects). Incisive canal and nasal floor perforation was seen in 25% and 21.2% of subjects, respectively. No contact of the miniscrew with adjacent teeth was recorded. A negative significant interaction was seen between the miniscrew length in bone, the percentage of total miniscrew length and maxillary anterior teeth crowding (β, -0.10, P = .047 and β, -0.90, P = .006, respectively). Moreover, a positive significant interaction was seen between the incisive canal perforation and maxillary anterior teeth crowding (OR = 1.32, P = .021). Exclusion of subjects with impacted teeth. Miniscrew insertion planning using lateral cephalograms, despite being safe in preventing contact with adjacent teeth, is limited in achieving bicortical placement and insufficient in completely avoiding incisive canal and nasal floor perforation.

Correlation between Nasolabial Angle and Maxillary Incisors Inclination in 18-25-Year-Old Chhattisgarh Population Using Pre- and Post-Treatment Lateral Cephalograms: A Retrospective Study.

One of the primary objectives of orthodontic treatment has been the enhancement of facial aesthetics. To obtain the perfect facial profile with aesthetic balance, knowledge of facial anatomy is essential. The diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients depend greatly on the examination of the soft tissue profile. Since the nasolabial angle is significantly affected by the inclination of the upper incisors, it is a frequently employed soft tissue parameter in orthodontic diagnosis. The study aimed to find out the correlation between the nasolabial angles with maxillary incisor inclination. In this retrospective study, 120 lateral cephalograms of orthodontic patients including males and females were traced. Their nasolabial angle and maxillary incisor inclination were calculated before and after orthodontic treatment. The mean of pre- and post-treatment nasolabial angle was found to be 91.43° ± 14.008 and 97.93° ± 14.194, respectively. The mean of pre- and post-treatment incisor inclination was found to be 32.59° ± 7.290 and 23.98° ± 6.851, respectively. The gender-wise Pearson's correlation (r) of nasolabial angle with incisor inclination for male and female was found to be -0.464 with a P value of 0.164 and -0.305 with a P value of 0.118, respectively. Overall Pearson's correlation of nasolabial angle with incisor inclination was found to be -0.040 with a P value of 0.384. There is an insignificant negative correlation between nasolabial angle and incisor inclination in the Chhattisgarh population as well as among the two genders.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANGLE OF INCLINATION OF THE MAXIMUM INCLINATION TO THE SOFT TISSUE OF THE FACIAL IN BALINESE WOMEN USING THE HOLDAWAY METHOD

Introduction: Disharmony between tooth position, jaw relation and facial soft tissue has a significant effect on facial appearance. Anatomical facial appearance is determined by the lower third of the face, especially the position of the lips and related parts which are affected by the inclination of the anterior teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between the angle of inclination of the maxillary incisors and the convexity of facial soft tissue in Balinese women using the Holdaway method. Materials and Method: This type of research was analytic observational with a cross sectional approach. This study used a sample of 31 lateral cephalometric photographs of Balinese females for tracing. Samples were taken by means of purposive sampling, based on specified criteria. Results and discussion: Pearson correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the angle of inclination of the upper incisors was significant. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that there was a correlation between maxillary incisor inclination angle on the facial soft tissue convexity in Balinese females using the Holdaway method.

Factors influencing the perception of profile beauty in Class III dental compensation: A comparative cross-sectional study according to three categories of assessors

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the different factors influencing the perception of female profile facial beauty in Class III patients with protruded mandible that can be treated with orthodontic dental compensation: (1)severity of the protrusion, (2) the upper incisors inclination and (3) the presence of jawlines. The secondary objective was to determine if the rater's gender and profession played a role in the assessment of the preferred profile. A normal and smiling photographs of a female subject with normal facial and skeletal profile criteria were digitally manipulated to obtain 3 different mandibular sagittal positions: 0mm, +4mm and +8mm. Each position of the chin was evaluated with the presence or not of jawlines. In the smiling profiles, the same chin modifications were scored, and the maxillary incisor inclination was changed from 0 to +10 degrees with 5 degrees increments. A total of 320 raters (107 dentists, 103 orthodontists and 110 laypeople) scored the attractiveness of the different images using a Visual Analogue Scale. The limit of statistical significance wasP<0.05. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were conducted to assess the predictors of variations in ratings within each set of photos, as well as the interactions of predictors where adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated and reported. In the profiles without a smile, image +4mm chin (Class III treated by compensation) and image +8-mm mandible (Class III not treated) were selected as the most and least attractive images, respectively, by almost all groups with no difference. The presence of jawlines has a positive role in facial attractiveness. In the smiling profiles, all the examiners showed a preference for image +4-mm chin and a slight protrusion of maxillary incisors (+5 degrees). No significant difference was found between genders in this study. Class III treated by compensation (+4mm) are more attractive than non-treated Class III (+8mm) by almost all groups with no difference. The presence of jawlines has a positive role in facial attractiveness. In the smiling profiles, all the examiners showed a preference for image +4-mm chin and a slight protrusion of maxillary incisors (+5 degrees). Orthodontists older than 50 years old are aware of the difficulty to treat a skeletal Class III and tend to accept it due to their long career experience. No significant difference was found between genders in this study.

Correlation of alveolar bone thickness and central incisor inclination in skeletal Class I and II malocclusions with different vertical skeletal patterns: A CBCT study

This study aimed to assess the alveolar bone thickness (ABT) and labiolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular central incisors in patients with Class I and II skeletal patterns with normal-angle, high-angle, and low-angle vertical patterns. The study sample consisted of 200 cone-beam computed tomography scans of patients with skeletal Class I and II malocclusions. Each group was further divided into low-angle, normal-angle, and high-angle subgroups. Labiolingual inclinations of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and ABT were measured at 4 levels from the cementoenamel junction in the labial and lingual surfaces. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t test, 2-way analysis of variance, and Spearman's correlation test were applied for statistical analyses. The only significant difference between Class I and II groups regarding the ABT was found at the labial side of the maxillary central incisor, 9 mm apical to the crest. At this level, the mean ABT was 0.87 mm in patients with a skeletal Class I malocclusion, which was significantly greater than that in patients with a skeletal Class II malocclusion with a mean ABT of 0.66 mm (P= 0.02). Comparisons among the vertical subgroups revealed that on the labial and lingual sides of the mandible, as well as the palatal side of the maxilla, significantly thinner alveolar bone was found in patients with high-angle growth patterns than those with normal-angle and low-angle patterns in both sagittal groups (P<0.05). Significant weak to moderate correlations were found between ABT and tooth inclination (P<0.05). Significant differences in ABT covering central incisors between patients with skeletal Class I and II malocclusion are merely observed at the labial surface of the maxilla, 9 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. Compared with patients with normal-angle and low-angle, those with a high-angle growth pattern and Class I and II sagittal relationships have thinner alveolar bone support around maxillary and mandibular incisors.

EVALUATION OF DENTOALVEOLAR COMPENSATION IN DIFFERENT SKELETAL MALOCCLUSIONS IN BENGALEE POPULATION- A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY

Introduction: Humans have been aware of facial esthetics from prehistoric times. An 'esthetically pleasing face' is described as one in which various facial features are well proportioned and balanced from both 'frontal and prole' view. Evaluating the face in prole is an integral part of a complete orthodontic diagnosis. The labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior (AP) position of maxillary incisors have a crucial effect on the appearance of the smiling prole. Aims: To evaluate and compare dentoalveolar compensations in various skeletal malocclusions. The Cross sectional study Materials and methods: , this Study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019 at Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, panihati, Kolkata- 7 00114. 120 patients were taken in our study. Result: In the present study mandibular central incisor to SN shows statistically signicant difference in mean value when intergroup comparison were made between control group with group-II, and group-III, between group- Mandibular incisors are proclined labially in skeletal class- II malocclusion, while mandibular incisors were found upright or retroclined in skeletal class-III malocclusion. In Group-II (skeletal Conclusion: Class- II malocclusion) upper incisors are proclined in the upper jaw, and lower incisor proclined in lower jaw.

Clinical predictors of potentially impacted canines in low-risk patients: A retrospective study in mixed dentition

To evaluate the null hypothesis that there is no difference in a set of clinical predictors of potentially impacted canines between low-risk patients with and without displaced canines. The normal canine position group consisted of 30 patients with 60 normally erupting canines ranked in sector I (age, 9.30 ± 0.94 years). The displaced canine group comprised 30 patients with 41 potentially impacted canines ranked in sectors II to IV (age, 9.46 ± 0.78 years). Maxillary lateral incisor crown angulation, inclination, rotation, width, height, and shape, as well as palatal depth, arch length, width, and perimeter composed a set of clinical predictors, which were evaluated on digital dental casts. Statistical analyses consisted of group comparisons and variable correlations (p < 0.05). There was a significant association between sex and mesially displaced canines. Unilateral canine displacement was more prevalent than bilateral displacement. The crown of the maxillary lateral incisors was significantly angulated more mesially and rotated mesiolabially in low-risk patients with displaced canines, who also had a shallower palate and shorter anterior dental arch length. Lateral incisor crown angulation and rotation, as well as palatal depth and arch length, were significantly correlated with the canine displacement severity. The null hypothesis was rejected. Maxillary lateral incisor angulation inconsistent with the "ugly duckling" stage as well as a shallow palate and short arch length are clinical predictors that can significantly contribute to the early screening of ectopic canines in low-risk patients.

A new torquing method for anterior tooth inclination control: a clinical report with a 7-year follow-up

Abstract Appropriate orthodontic mechanotherapy, particularly in relation to incisor inclination control is a key consideration for successful treatment and the delivery of optimal aesthetics. A novel, easy, safe and effective torquing technique, termed Park’s cervical torque tie, has been devised. A female patient sought orthodontic treatment and presented with a Class II division 2 malocclusion with crowding but a favourable facial profile. The treatment plan involved the distal movement of the maxillary posterior teeth, decrowding and incisor inclination correction. Palatal root movement was applied to the retroclined upper incisors by a novel cervical torque tie. The treatment was successfully completed after the distalisation of the dentition and palatal root movement of the upper incisors. However, following post-treatment cone-beam computed tomography, less bone coverage was evident on the palatal surface of the upper incisors. After a seven year follow-up, the treatment results were well maintained, and cortical bone regeneration was confirmed.

Clinical effects of different prescriptions on the inclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors by using passive self-ligating brackets.

Controlling the incisal inclination is fundamental in orthodontics. However, the relationship between the inclination prescription and its clinical outcome is not obvious, and the incisal inclination changes generated by different bracket prescriptions were investigated. Twenty-eight non-extraction dental Class II patients (15 females, 13 males; mean age = 12.9) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were treated using passive self-ligating fixed appliances with three inclination prescriptions for maxillary incisors (high, standard, low), and two for mandibular incisors (standard, low). Clinical outcomes were compared among different prescriptions, and regression analysis was used to explain the effects of bracket prescriptions and to understand the prescription selection criteria (α = 0.05). For maxillary central incisors, low and high prescriptions were related to linguoversion (p = 0.046) and labioversion (p = 0.005), respectively, while standard prescription maintained the initial dental inclination. Maxillary lateral incisors did not show significant changes. For mandibular incisors, low prescription led to linguoversion (p = 0.005 for central incisors, p = 0.010 for lateral incisors), while standard prescription led to labioversion (p = 0.045 for central incisors, p = 0.005 for lateral incisors). The factors affecting inclination changes were the imposed change and selected prescription, while prescription selection was influenced by the initial dental inclination and initial intercanine distance. The direction of correction of incisal inclination can be controlled by choosing a certain prescription, but the final inclination may show limited consistency with it. The amount of imposed inclination change was the most relevant predictor of the clinical outcome.

Effects produced by the facemask with and without skeletal anchorage for the orthopaedic treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.

Skeletally anchored facemask has been proposed to maximize skeletal effects and minimize dental effects in the treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients. To compare the dento-skeletal effects produced by the facemask with or without skeletal anchorage for the treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and OpenGrey were used for the electronic search without language, publication status, and year restrictions. Only RCTs were included. Inclusion criteria were: growing patients (age under 18 years) with Class III malocclusion, with indications for treatment with the facemask. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. GRADE statement was executed. The mean of differences (MD) and the risk ratio (RR) were used. Three articles with a total of 123 patients were included. One article was at low risk of bias while two were at high risk of bias. There were no significant differences between the two groups in ANB angle, Wits appraisal, SNB angle, and SN-MP angle. SNA angle was significantly increased in the skeletally anchored facemask (pooled MD = 0.80 favouring skeletal anchorage, 95% CI from 0.29 to 1.31, P = 0.002, I2 = 12 per cent, three studies, GRADE moderate). The U1-SN angle was significantly reduced in the skeletally anchored facemask (pooled MD = -5.91 favouring skeletal anchorage, 95% CI from -7.64 to -4.27, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0 per cent, two studies, GRADE moderate). There were significantly less complications in tooth-anchored facemask (pooled RR = 7.98 favouring dental anchorage, 95 per cent CI from 1.04 to 61.27, P = 0.05, I2 = 0 per cent, two studies, GRADE low). Few RCTs (three) were included, and two studies were at high risk of bias. There were no long-term RCTs comparing skeletally anchored facemask with dental-anchored facemask. Only Asiatic patients were included in this systematic review. Skeletally anchored facemask was associated to a greater increase of SNA angle at the end of treatment though clinically not significant. Facemask with skeletal anchorage determined a reduced inclination of maxillary incisors compared to dental-anchored facemask with greater risks of complications. PROSPERO register (CRD42020221982).

Correlation of Forehead Type with Maxillary Incisor Inclination in Dravidian South Indian Population: A Prospective Study

Correlation of Forehead Type with Maxillary Incisor Inclination in Dravidian South Indian Population: A Prospective Study

An assessment of perception of attractive profiles after altering tooth inclination and mandibular anterior repositioning on the photographs

Facial profile disharmonies in the anteroposterior (AP) position of the mandible is among the most frequent reasons that patients seek orthodontic treatment. Although previous studies of profile esthetics have mainly focused on the position or the inclination of the maxillary incisors in profile views with normal mandibular positions, to our knowledge, no studies have yet evaluated the esthetic effects of maxillary incisor inclination in relation to different mandibular positions in male and female individuals for smile profile. The objective of this study is to evaluate the significant relationship between preferred tooth position in relation to different mandibular positions in male and female subjects’ smile profiles. A right lateral profile and frontal view photograph with the patient in a natural head position. Smile parameters will be evaluated and recorded. These smiling photographs will be altered using a commercially available image editing software program (Adobe Photoshop CS, version 8.0; Adobe Systems). The number of photographs that will be available after alteration and given to the judges to rate the attractiveness of each. The data thus obtained will be put to significant statistical analysis and the results thus obtained will be carried out to achieve the aim and objective of the study.

The Association of ACTN3 Rs1815739 Polymorphism with Various Malocclusion Phenotype

A functional polymorphism on the 16th exon of the alpha-actinin-3 gene has an effect on the protein structure and cellular signaling and therefore on muscle contraction. In this study, we aimed to analyze the alpha-actinin-3 rs1815739 polymorphism in 3-dimensional malocclusions and different craniofacial skeletal patterns. Forty-nine volunteering subjects enrolled for the study. Genotyping of alpha-actinin-3 rs1815739 polymorphism was per- formed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pre-orthodontic cephalometric radiographs were traced using NemoTech ceph- alometric tracing software. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows was utilized to carry out statistical analysis. P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. The respective numbers and the percentages of alpha-actinin-3 rs1815739 polymorphisms for RR, RX, and XX genotypes were 39 (79.6%), 4 (8.2%), and 6 (12.2%), respectively. Twenty-one patients had low angle vertical patterns and 17 patients had Class I and the same number of the patients had Class III facial patterns. But none of these had statistically significant difference in terms of alpha-actinin-3 rs1815739 polymorphism and in vertical or sagittal facial patterns, and mandibular incisor inclination. When we examined the maxillary anteroposterior position, we found a significant difference between rs1815739 polymorphisms (P < .05). Also, we detected a significant difference between rs1815739 polymorphism and maxillary incisor inclination (P < .05). Maxillary incisor inclination and maxillary anteroposterior position are associated with alpha-actinin-3 rs1815739 poly- morphism in a Turkish cohort.