Incineration Technique Research Articles

Life Cycle Assessment of Incineration Technique for Management of Used Sanitary Napkins

Life Cycle Assessment of Incineration Technique for Management of Used Sanitary Napkins

Experimental analysis for thermodynamic characteristics of municipal solid waste for energy generation with environmental and economic assessment in Indian scenario

Excessive energy use has caused a disturbance in the planet’s life support system. It has created an adverse impact on water and natural resources. Power generation from solid waste can be an alternative to reduce waste volume and has an extra advantage in cleaning the surround-ing with the gain of electric power supply. Innovative technologies and future perspectives of MSWI were highlighted. Moreover, the latest understanding of immobilization mecha-nisms and advanced characterization technologies were elaborated to foster the future design of treatment technologies and the actualization of sustainable management for MSWI. Solid waste to energy conversion provides economic and atmospheric benefits by introducing re-newableenergy sources at minimum environmental influences.This analysis has focused on MSW to energy conversion system by incineration technique to generate electricity along with other bi-product and determines the system’s financial feasibility. The experiment has been conducted to calculate the physio-chemical characteristics of municipal waste with a bomb calorimeter and incinerator for electricity generation. Solid waste characteristics like chemical exergy, entropy, higher heating point, energy flux, and potential have been analyzed for the in-cineration technique’s viability.The thermal properties have been analytically described in the experiment. The result shows that MSW has a higher calorific value of 8.5-12.5 Mega Joule/kg, and charcoal has a higher calorific value of 27-32 Megajoule/kg.It also analyses that one-ton MSW can produce 600 kWh electricity with 360 gm CO2-eq/kWh generation.

Circular economy of medical waste: novel intelligent medical waste management framework based on extension linear Diophantine fuzzy FDOSM and neural network approach.

Environmental pollution has been a major concern for researchers and policymakers. A number of studies have been conducted to enquire the causes of environmental pollution which suggested numerous policies and techniques as remedial measures. One such major source of environmental pollution, as reported by previous studies, has been the garbage resulting from disposed hospital wastes. The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted into mass generation of medical waste which seems to have further deteriorated the issue of environmental pollution. This necessitates active attention from both the researchers and policymakers for effective management of medical waste to prevent the harm to environment and human health. The issue of medical waste management is more important for countries lacking sophisticated medical infrastructure. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to propose a novel application for identification and classification of 10 hospitals in Iraq which generated more medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic than others in order to address the issue more effectively. We used the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method to this end. We integrated MCDM with other techniques including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), linear Diophantine fuzzy set decision by opinion score method (LDFN-FDOSM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analysis to generate more robust results. We classified medical waste into five categories, i.e., general waste, sharp waste, pharmaceutical waste, infectious waste, and pathological waste. We consulted 313 experts to help in identifying the best and the worst medical waste management technique within the perspectives of circular economy using the neural network approach. The findings revealed that incineration technique, microwave technique, pyrolysis technique, autoclave chemical technique, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, dry heat, ozone, and ultraviolet light were the most effective methods to dispose of medical waste during the pandemic. Additionally, ozone was identified as the most suitable technique among all to serve the purpose of circular economy of medical waste. We conclude by discussing the practical implications to guide governments and policy makers to benefit from the circular economy of medical waste to turn pollutant hospitals into sustainable ones.

Flue Gas Emissions and Performance Evaluation of Small-scale Solid Waste Incinerators at Njokerio and Ng’ondu in Njoro, Kenya

Solid waste management is challenging and incineration technique is more preferred to other methods in reduction of mass and volume, removal of odour and energy recovery in both industrial and residential environments. The challenges facing residents at Njokerio, Ng’ondu and Green Valley estates in Njoro, Kenya included poorly designed open-wastes collection systems, exceeding incinerator loading rates and inappropriate operating temperatures. It also include inadequate design specifications, poorly mixed solid wastes with high moisture contents resulting to high emissions of noxious heavy dense smoke. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors influencing flue gas emissions and performance of small-scale incinerators. Data collected were statistically analysed to determine trends, means, F-values and Least Significant Different (LSD) at . Wastes incineration at varying moisture contents (MC) from 15 to 75% produced mean emission values for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and hydrocarbon (HC) ranging between 5 and 11 ppm, 5 and 14%, and from 508 to 1168 ppm, respectively. Varying the incinerator loading rates from 15 to 75 kg/h yielded means CO ranging between 5 and 12 ppm, CO2 from 5 to 14%, and HC between 252 and 1096 ppm. Waste incineration at varying operating temperature levels from 180 to 900°C contributed to mean emissions for CO, CO2 and HC ranging from 14 to 5 ppm, 15 to 6% and 1253 to 316 ppm, respectively. The Egerton University dispensary incinerator had the best incineration performance compared to the rest. High moisture contents, overloaded incinerators and low operating temperature levels contributed to high emission levels of flue gases leading to dark and dense smoke which resulted into incomplete wastes combustion indicating poor incineration performance. Wastes incineration at low loading rates, low moisture contents and high operating temperatures produced white and fine bottom ash, low levels of carbon, implying complete wastes combustion.

Status and Development of Sludge Incineration in China

Sewage sludge disposal and utilization have become an ever-increasing challenge due to the rapid development of urbanization and strict environmental protection requirements in China. Incineration is becoming one of the most important strategies for sludge disposal due to the large volume reduction rate, destruction of contaminations, and energy recovery. A general introduction to sludge disposal status in China will be summarized, including sludge production, characteristics of sludge, and existing disposal methods. Second, current research and developments regarding the whole process of sludge incineration will be introduced, which consist of the pretreatment of sewage sludge (e.g., thickening, conditioning, dewatering, and drying), incineration (e.g., co-combustion and mono-combustion), and pollutant control (e.g., gaseous pollutant, heavy metals, and fly ash). Different kinds of incinerators performing sludge mono- or co-combustion are thoroughly introduced and analyzed. Finally, several typical commercial applications of sludge incineration, including the key operation parameters, will be discussed in detail to illustrate the development of the sludge incineration technique in China.

High temperature corrosion performance of ceria doped Cr3C2-NiCr coated superalloys under actual medical waste atmosphere

Incineration technique is well known process which has been adopted to burn medical or municipal waste. Burning of medical waste generates contaminated environment which can be harmful for the components of incinerator. As the temperature is very high in incinerator, austentic steel and superalloys are generally used in construction of the components. However these alloys also suffered corrosion which can be delayed for some time by providing a coating protection on the surface of the alloys before installation. Hence, in this study, ceria incorporated Cr3C2-NiCr coating powder was deposited on Superni 600 and Superco 605 superalloys. For deposition, one of the thermal spray techniques know as detonation gun was used. The coated samples were drilled to hang using wire in the secondary chamber of incinerator operating at 1050 °C for 1000 h in a hospital. It was observed that coated Superco 605 suffered more corrosion as compared to coated Superni 600.

Evaluation of corrosion performance of Superni 600 hung in secondary chamber of medical waste incinerator operating at 1050 °C

Incineration technique is widely used to dispose of contaminated waste, municipal waste or medical waste. Burning medical waste causes formation of highly corrosive environment inside the chambers. Present study deals with the performance of Ni based Superalloy Superni 600 hanged inside the secondary chamber of medical waste incinerator for 1000 h under cyclic condition. Superni 600 showed good corrosion resistance under this environment. Formation of dense and compact layer of Cr2O3 was observed at substrate oxide interface which acts as a diffusion barrier for corrosive species.

Integrated drying and incineration of wet sewage sludge in combined bubbling and circulating fluidized bed units

An original integrated drying and incineration technique is proposed to dispose of sewage sludge with moisture content of about 80% in a circulating fluidized bed. This system combines a bubbling fluidized bed dryer with a circulating fluidized bed incinerator. After drying, sewage sludge with moisture less than 20% is transported directly and continuously from the fluidized bed dryer into a circulating fluidized bed incinerator. Pilot plant results showed that integrated drying and incineration is feasible in a unique single system. A 100 t/d Sewage Sludge Incineration Demonstration Project was constructed at the Qige sewage treatment plant in Hangzhou City in China. The operational performance showed that the main operation results conformed to the design values, from which it can be concluded that the scale-up of this technique is deemed both feasible and successful.

Textile Sludge Management by Incineration Technique

The rapid growth of textile industry in Bangladesh plays an important role in economic development. The sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in textile units is considered hazardous as it is often contaminated with heavy metals of dyestuffs and chemicals. Currently, land filling is the most common practice for textile sludge disposal. Leaching of heavy metals from textile sludge is a growing concern in Bangladesh. This study attempts to find out an environment-friendly solution for the management of the textile sludge. In this study, sludge samples were collected from treatment plants of various textile units located at Savar, Gazipur and Narsingdi. An electric incinerator was designed, fabricated and installed for the incineration of textile sludge. The sludge samples were incinerated at 5000C, 7000C and finally at 8000C for different time intervals. The volume reduction of the sludge samples was nearly 80% at 8000C. The incineration techniques were used for volume reduction and destruction of the hazardous elements. The oven dried samples were powdered and mixed at various proportions (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) with clay for making the ceramic products and also mixed with sand, cement and aggregates for making blocks for the stabilization of heavy metals in sludge. The properties of ceramic products such as firing shrinkage, bulk density, leaching of Heavy metals and the compressive strengths were evaluated. Incinerated ash samples were also used for ceramic tiles and block preparations. The concentrations of heavy metal in leachate from the stabilized sludge samples were very low. The compressive strength, bulk density, water absorption of the stabilized sludge and ash samples were examined and the results showed that up to 10% of the raw sludge and 10-20% ash samples could be used for stabilization and/or solidification and additionally, 80% volume reduction of the raw sludge could be obtained.

Life cycle assessment of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soil remediation processes

A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of the remediation of industrial soils contaminated by polychlorobiphenyl (PCB). Two new bioremediation treatment options were compared with the usual incineration process. In this attributional LCA, only secondary impacts were considered. The contaminated soil used for the experiments contained 200 mg of PCB per kilogram. Three off-site treatment scenarios were studied: 1) bioremediation with mechanical aeration, 2) bioremediation with electric aeration and 3) incineration with natural gas. Bioremediation processes were designed from lab-scale, scale-up and pilot experiments. The incineration technique was inspired by a French plant. A semi-quantitative uncertainty analysis was performed on the data. Environmental impacts were evaluated with the CML 2001 method using the SimaPro software. In most compared categories, the bioremediation processes are favorable. Of the bioremediation options, the lowest environmental footprint was observed for electric aeration. The uncertainty analysis supported the results that compared incineration and bioremediation but decreased the difference between the options of aeration. The distance of transportation was one of the most sensitive parameters, especially for bioremediation. At equal distances between the polluted sites and the treatment plant, bioremediation had fewer impacts than incineration in eight out of 13 categories. The use of natural gas for the incineration process generated the most impacts. Irrespective of the aeration option, bioremediation was better than incineration. The time of treatment should be taken into account. More precise and detailed data are required for the incineration scenario. More parameters of biological treatments should be measured. LCA results should be completed using ecological and health risk assessment and an acceptability evaluation.

The Working Procedure Design and Industrialization Experiment on Sludge Incineration Generate Electric Power

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sludge characteristics of the Qingdao Ni Buwan Sewage Treatment Plant and introduces the sludge disposal technique in recent years and designs an incineration working procedure on power station. The method used in our study is known as directly heat dry-cure incineration technique for generate electric power in Qingdao Jiaonan Power Co., Ltd. We have carried out several sets of experiments to test the validity of incineration generate electric power. The results of the experiment indicate that this incineration program is practicable, resolves the sludge disposal problem in Qingdao Ni Buwan Sewage Treatment Plant and has effect and profit in economic , social and environment.

305 コロナ放電によるディーゼル排ガス中の PM と NOx の連続除去 : 実車への適用

In order to reduce the concentration the diesel soot particles PM and NO_x in the diesel exhaust, exhaust gas is excited by passed though a corona discharge collector for diesel soot particles (CCDS) and a corona discharge reactor for NO_x (CRNR) in the high electric voltage field. In a CCDS, diesel soot particles is accumulated on the central electrode, after that, soot particles is removed by the incineration technique. In a CRNR, NO_x decreases as is oxidized to HNO_3. In this study, we coupled these corona reactors for removing the soot and NO_x, and we tried driving test on road using a diesel-engine truck equipped with the presented apparatus. We found that 1) the soot removal rate of 60% obtained at a corona input power of over 40W, 2) the NO_x removal rate of 97% obtained at a corona input power of over 100W, and 3) Soot removal rate was influenced by water contained in the exhaust gas.

Experimental investigation on waste heat recovery by refinery oil sludge incineration using fluidised‐bed technique

This paper details the experimental investigation and the methodology of fluid bed incineration of three different oil sludge wastes from one of the major refineries of South India using the pilot plant facility at School of Energy, Bharathidasan University, Trichy. The trial runs conducted in the fluid bed incinerator system show that more than 98 % combustion efficiency and 99 % incineration efficiencies were achieved for all the three types of oil sludge wastes. Moreover the flue gas composition at the stack location, the scrubber sludge generated at the alkali wash water tank and the ash collected at the post combustion chamber indicate that fluidised bed incineration technique is safe and effective way of treating these refinery oil sludge wastes. It is also concluded that the above technique is not only successful in removing toxicity but also providing reduction in the volume of waste to be disposed. In addition, it results in waste heat recovery through optimum steam production at the gas cooler arrangement.

Experience with radioactive waste incineration at chalk river nuclear laboratories

Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories is a nuclear research centre operated by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. A full-scale waste treatment centre has been constructed to process low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes generated on-site. A batch-loaded, two-stage, starved-air incinerator for solid combustible waste is one of the processes installed in this facility. The incinerator has been operating since 1982. It has consistently reduced combustible wastes to an inert ash product, with an average volume reduction factor of about 150:1. The incinerator ash is stored in 200 L drums awaiting solidification in bitumen. The incinerator and a 50-ton hydraulic baler have provided treatment for a combined volume of about 1300 m 3/a of solid low-level radioactive waste. This article presents a review of the performance of the incinerator during its six years of operation. In addition to presenting operational experience, an assessment of the starved-air incineration technique will also be discussed.

Asbestos and mesotheliomas

Seven selected cases with asbestos in the lungs and a mesothelioma in the pleura or peritoneum were studied intensively using routine methods, polarized light, incineration technique, and acid digestion. We found that asbestos bodies, fragments, particles, and dust could be found in hilar and mediastinal nodes regularly. We could find asbestos bodies in lymphatics being transported to the nodes. We found asbestos bodies in the spleen, abdominal tumor, and small bowel wall and dust and particles in abdominal nodes and peritoneum. We found a small mesothelioma arising in the pleura in a case of peritoneal mesothelioma. We found a squamous cell carcinoma in the right lung and a mesothelioma of the left pleura. We have concluded that asbestos is irritating mechanically and chemically and that it is distributed widely in the body by the lymphatics and blood resulting in malignancies of various types with the pleura and peritoneum being especially susceptible.