Incidental Matter Research Articles

Teaching Strategies Strengthening EFL Learners’ Self-Confidence in Speaking Learning Dynamics

Studies on effective speaking teaching strategies have caught mushrooming attention in these last two decades. This is not happening by incidental matters as globalized educationalists are still having arduous moments in devising more suitable, enjoyable, and relatable speaking learning strategies that can maximize EFL learners’ self-confidence. According to previous researchers, self-confidence is one of the propelling factors enabling EFL learners to gain more advanced communication proficiency levels since they possess a higher level of preparedness in confronting a wide variety of challenging speaking learning enterprises. This small-scale library study employed a thematic analysis approach while analyzing a certain number of identical research results produced by prior 25 speaking investigations published worldwide. By utilizing this research method, the researcher can potentially yield more relevant, contextual, and comprehensible research outcomes due to an iterative data analysis conducted before initiating more specific research theme groupings. Based on the thematically categorized research results, second language educators can progressively inculcate robust speaking self-confidence among EFL learners upon the activation of more authentic and enjoyable speaking learning activities. More comprehensive delineations regarding these two speaking learning methodologies can be discerned in the ensuing parts of this research paper

Internship in Relation to Humanities and Languages

Abstract The place of 'humanities' is very important for the overall development of human beings, because these sciences are the scriptural system related to the life of human beings. Which we also known as 'humanities'. Humanities may be different from technical and science subjects. But there is no loss of inner science or knowledge in it. For example, whether it is linguistics or psychology or sociology, all include the science of that subject. Languages also have the potential to entertain the medical and intellectual entertainment of the human mind. On the one hand, through languages, creators create literature by accepting mediums such as story, novel and poetry. In addition, there is scope for creativity, innovation and improvements according to time and country in literature. Very important subjects such as sociology, geography, economics or psychology create content and knowledge in relation to human existence and development. No subject is above the needs and responsibilities of the hour. Just as one has to fulfil one's social and worldly needs. In the same way, not every subject and scripture can take up subject-appropriate and incidental matters.

Critique of the Exclusive Jurisdiction of the High Court over Statutory Marriages and Other Incidental Matters

It is common knowledge that all lawyers in Nigeria who want to file matrimonial matters bordering on Statutory Marriages head to the High Court. This is because it has been so from time immemorial and has continued to be so. It is of no contention that the High Court has jurisdiction over Statutory Marriages by law. The bone of contention rather is the seemingly exclusive jurisdiction conferred on it. What is the basis upon which this exclusivity of jurisdiction of the High Court on Act marriages lie? A thorough search through the laws has shown that there is a provision conferring jurisdiction on the High Court but non conferring exclusive Jurisdiction on same. To get to the root of this conclusion, doctrinal method was used. This revealed that other courts outside the High Court share jurisdiction with the High Court in addressing Act marriages under the Act. To cure this wrong perception among lawyers, it is recommended that the provisions of the law empowering the High Court and other Courts alongside to adjudicate on Statutory Marriages should be brought to the knowledge of the lawyers. Judges of the High Courts can help educate lawyers who appear before them.

Model zażalenia w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z 4 lipca 2019 r.

The following paper includes an analysis of the model of a complaint in the polish civil proceedings. This issue is discussed especially in the light of essential legislative changes introduced by the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act – the Code of Civil Procedure and some other acts. These changes fundamentally altered the model for reviewing court decisions in incidental matters, which are not conclusive for the entire proceedings. The Act, in particular, significantly limited the catalogue of decisions of courts of first instance which can be appealed againts to the court of second instance, reshaping this particular model of control into an exception to the simultaneously introduced principle of examining a complaint by different judges of the same court. On the other hand, the act expanded the scope of decisions of courts of second instance which are examined by different judges of the same court. A similar solution was introduced also in in the enforcement proceedings. Therefore, in the current legal status, majority of incidental decisions in civil proceedings has been covered by the so called horizontal complaint. In consequence, a complaint lost its devolutive nature and thus ceased to be an appelate messure.

Towards Implementing a New Maritime Accident Reporting and Analysis System in Namibia

When Namibia became an independent state in 1990, the Republic of Namibia inherited the Merchant Shipping Act No. 57 of 1951 from the old South Africa regime. The Merchant Shipping Amendment Act, 1991 was signed into force “in order to adjust its provisions in view of the independence of Namibia; and to provide for incidental matters.” Maritime issues were placed under the authority of the Ministry of Works and Transport, however, without any particular defined body, except Department of Transport, to enforce the provisions of the amendment Act (The Merchant Shipping Act No. 57 of 1951, as amended in 1991). In 1995 the Directorate Maritime Affairs was established to be the Ministry’s executing body, and one of the first tasks taken on in order to get a firm picture of the maritime legal situation was to carry out an analyse of the Merchant Shipping Act. According to Professor Hilton Staniland of the University of Natal, in his executive summary he states among others: ‘’The 1951 Act is out of date and places, in particular, the safety of life and ships at sea, the protection of the marine environment provide Namibia a disadvantageous position as far as international maritime transport and trade is concerned. It is interesting in this connection to note the concerns at that time expressed by representatives from the fishing industry: ‘’The industry therefore (not sufficient Namibians with certificates) favours the amendment of section 83 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1951 in order to provide for the more ready recognition of foreign certificates. Section 83 of the Act opens up for allowing holders of foreign certificates to serve on board Namibian ships. In the meantime the newly established Directorate Maritime Affairs should make a choice: Either hastily accede to the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Conventions or first ensure that relevant instruments were in place and then work for the accession to the Conventions. It was decided to ensure that the Directorate would be able to enforce the Conventions and then accede. The aims of the directorate are: to ensure the safety of life and property at sea; to prevent and combat pollution of the marine environment by ships and to promote the maritime interests of Namibia.

Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights in Nigerian Courts

Abstract There is no point in making comprehensive provisions for the protection of various intellectual property rights without also providing a corresponding comprehensive system for enforcing the same when the rights are or about to be infringed. Therefore, an accessible, sufficient and adequate system/procedure is paramount in any worthwhile intellectual property system. Right holders must be granted means to enforce their rights just as is obtainable in other forms of tangible and intangible properties. To this end, all intellectual property systems need an effective judicial system that is empowered to deal with both civil wrongs and criminal offences while being presided over by adequate number of judges with the requisite experience in intellectual property law. This paper therefore examines: the raison-d’être for protecting intellectual property rights; the various enforcement mechanisms via the courts; sanctions and remedies for infringement of intellectual property rights amongst other incidental matters. The paper concludes with a call for the review of the sanctions for infringing intellectual property rights.

Before Alternative Voices: <em>The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser</em>

Before Alternative Voices: <em>The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser</em>

Las Armas de Destrucción Masiva y la Estrategia Global de Seguridad de la Unión Europea

The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) is one of the main security challenges facing the international community today. However the new Global Security Strategy of 2016 raises the question of non-proliferation of WMD only as an incidental matter, not addressing directly the threat, a fundamental threat in the regional and global security. This is a clear step backwards for the European common security.

Brief of Amicus Curiae Matthew B. O’Brien in Support of Hollingsworth and Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group of the U.S. House of Representatives Addressing the Merits and Supporting Reversal

Brief of Amicus Curiae Matthew B. O’Brien in Support of Hollingsworth and Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group of the U.S. House of Representatives Addressing the Merits and Supporting Reversal

The Use of ICT in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Universities

The contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the contribution of higher education institutions in achieving these have been emphasized. This study sought to find out the extent to which university-based researches on ICTs addressed and impacted the three MDGs of gender balance, education development and social and economic development in the target communities. The study was descriptive in nature and used both qualitative and quantitative in design using questionnaires, structured interviews and documentary schedules. The findings of the study showed that sensitivity to gender balance was an incidental matter, ICT applications were a means to extend access to wider educational opportunities, information and communications, and these studies added value to primary local economic resources and productivity-related socioeconomic activities. It was concluded that the studies surveyed did make some positive contributions towards the MDGs agenda and the impact was generally not direct.

Dylematy i paradoksy identyfikacji ideologicznych w okresie transformacji

The history of political transformation in Poland is an uninterrupted process of forming identifications along party lines, as well as of the political milieus’ searching, for a response to the question regarding the location of their own subjective space within the wider political sphere. It is worthwhile, when we discuss this, to ask whether the building up of a party’s identity is dictated by ideological and programmatic reasons or whether it is an incidental matter. The values and beliefs concealed in the 80s, when the opposition belonged to the underground, have been permanently inscribed into the Polish political landscape. A group of doctrines which served as a component in the build-up of party identity may be perceived. The religious and national values, as well as the historical and cultural issues, which emerged into the daylight, may be treated as the embryo of certain ideas, which in time, as a result of public debates, have become fundamental determinants of many political parties.

John Keats's Attitude to Lawyers

In one of his journal-letters to his brother George and sister-in-law Georgiana, John Keats expressed his disapproval of lawyers. The paper considers the cause of and justification for that disapproval, as well as other incidental matters, such as Keats's thoughts of becoming a physician in the then-divided medical profession and his attitude both to the clergy and to the American physical and cultural environment.The paper includes: an image of a plaster cast taken from a life mask of Keats; and copies of seven contemporary satirical prints, one political in nature, the others depicting medical, clerical and legal men. It also includes copies of three contemporary topographical prints, one of Apothecaries Hall, one of the Bank of England and one of Girdlers' Hall.

"The Greatest Russian Tragedy of the 20th Century" : An Interview with Viktor Danilov (1925–2004)

Viktor Petrovich Danilov, who died suddenly and tragically in 2004, was a prolific and innovative historian who devoted his entire career to the study of the Soviet peasantry. (1) In June 2001, I interviewed him in connection with a radio documentary that I was then preparing on the &classification of Sovietera archives. I anticipated a conversation of 30 to 40 minutes, concentrating on the multivolume documentary publication Tragediia sovetskoi derevni (The Tragedy of the Soviet Countryside), of which Viktor Petrovich was the senior editor. (2) It soon became apparent, however, that he wanted to tell me more about his long career and the broader context in which he worked, first during the Khrushchev-era Thaw, then in the ideologically restrictive Brezhnev era, and finally in the years of archival openness that began during perestroika. Having met with him on a number of occasions over the previous decade, I was familiar with much of the story that he related. I encouraged him to go into as much detail as he could. I knew that he had had similar conversations with other colleagues, at least one of which has been published, but to the best of my knowledge no other publication has given as much attention to the subjects we discussed. (3) Our conversation extended over two days and touched on a range of events and experiences from the 1950s to the beginning of the 21st century. Although many of the topics he discussed have been closely examined elsewhere, his personal reminiscences and reflections provide a different illumination. (4) They convey many of the qualities that won him the respect, acclaim, and affection of a wide circle of colleagues and students around the world. They also underscore his distinctive point of view on events past and present and his assessments, not just of the Stalinist Old Guard of the 1960s, but of some of the most prominent people and trends of the post-1991 era. The following text is a verbatim transcription of the interview, omitting only a few passages where Danilov corrected himself or referred to incidental matters unrelated to the issues under discussion. To round out the picture, I have in a few places added in square brackets biographical material drawn from earlier, unrecorded conversations and from the observations of others who knew him well. (5) Danilov began university study after frontline military service in World War II. He was a lieutenant in artillery, an officer younger than many of the men he commanded. This formative experience came up repeatedly in our conversations and in his colleagues' recollections of him. He also spoke warmly about the assistance he received from his family, his siblings in particular, when he began undergraduate study in Orenburg after the war ended. After completing his first degree there, he applied and was accepted for graduate study at the Institute of History (Academy of Sciences of the USSR) in Moscow, and it was at this point that our recorded conversation began. V.D. When I was admitted to graduate study I was required to study the Soviet period. I told them I would work only on the history of the peasantry from the Revolution to collectivization in 1929. In 1950, it was clear to any beginning historian, or even to a student, that one could not conduct independent research or put forward ideas of one's own on problems of Soviet history from the Great Turn onwards. That is why I made such a demand, and I must say it was received with understanding. My dissertation topic from the outset was formulated as the history of the peasantry in the 1920s, on the eve of collectivization. Of course, conditions in the years 1950-53 were very unfavorable for historical research, particularly on the Soviet era. Even for the 1920s, where one could discuss a wider range of problems on the basis of factual material that reflected historical reality, research was still severely [tiazhelo] restricted. …

Should the High Court Consider Policy Implications in Deciding Cases?

If the High Court is to consider policy implications when making judicial decisions, a number of preliminary matters require examination. First, what parliaments, executive governments and other instrumentalities will be affected? Next, may the High Court validly exercise this function? And last, is it likely to do so?I shall discuss these preliminary matters in the order stated and thereafter express my view on the question raised by the editors for discussion. In the course of discussion, I shall mention some incidental matters related to the High Court and its functions.

Jeremy Bentham and the New South Wales convicts

Bentham’s penal theory persuaded him that convict transportation was inherently inferior to imprisonment as a punishment for serious crime. The transportation of convicts to New South Wales also threatened his plans to build a panopticon penitentiary. This penitentiary, he thought, would demonstrate the superiority of a prison run for profit by a private contractor over alternative schemes of convict management. In the process, it would also make him a fortune. His repeated attempts to persuade the British Government to abandon the New South Wales penal colony and to honour its commitment to his panopticon project, however, came to nothing. Neither the Government’s acceptance of Bentham’s key theoretical arguments nor its avowed support for his penitentiary scheme was sufficient to prompt it to act. Bentham found that winning the main theoretical argument was not enough. He was continually forced to concentrate on side issues and on particular and largely incidental matters of fact. As it turned out, the particular and the incidental combined to carry the day against his panopticon.

Madan's Cure‐all, I

IN LONDON, 1780, there dropped a learned bombshell among the rakes, abandoned and outwardly respectable (the greater part of the population). It was tided: Thelyphthora; or a Treatise on Female Ruin in Its Causes, Effects, Consequences, Prevention, and Remedy; considered on the basis of the Divine Law: under the following heads, viz. Marriage, Whoredom, and Fornication, Adultery, Polygamy, Divorce; with many other incidental matters; particularly including an Examination of the Principles and Tendency of Stat. 26 Geo. II. c. 33. commonly called the Marriage Act. In Two Volumes

Old problems and new challenges in medical education.

† There is need for continuous revision of curriculum, techniques, and methodology in medical education. Examples of current problems are the increasing amount of specialization, the decreasing number of patients who are wards of the public, and the chaotic state of postgraduate education. Programs instituted in the name of correlation and integration must be reexamined often to make sure that the intended results are achieved. Teaching and research are copartners when they are well balanced, but teaching must not be allowed to become an incidental matter, for research in itself cannot supplant the need for continuous study and preparation for teaching. The recruitment of basic scientists has become an important administrative problem. No single formula will solve all these problems, but it is important to remember that medical education involves the teaching of individuals who are destined to care for other individuals, and that its prior task is to inspire.

Three majors for teachers colleges

In this article the writer is limiting himself to three administrative problems for solution by teachers colleges. The items for discussion are as follows: Choosing a Faculty, Constructing Curricula, and Limiting Enrollment. On any one of the three points raised for discussion, the writer might be successfully challenged by an institution here and there, but sufficient facts remain to support the contentions set up in the following pages to warrant the effort. Purposely the author has passed over matters of a routine nature, which the administrative forces of the individual college dispose of daily or periodically according to well-defined plans or traditions among colleges. They are the incidental matters that are treated very much as a physician handles a case or an epidemic of measles, by prescribing the remedy, traditionally at least, best suited to the case in hand. The omission of such items here has virtues at least, namely, that of holding the writer strictly to the points at issue and of challenging him to the task set for himself. That the three items named for consideration are vital and fundamental, college administrators will doubtless agree; and that they are constants that will continue to challenge the thought of the best minds for a long time to come, probably no one would dare to deny. In truth they are of such a nature and so essential to the life of any standard institution as to force themselves upon the attention of those held responsible for the policies of the college. With the idea that the last word has not been spoken on any one of these topics and that the proverbial two grains of wheat hid in bushels of chaff may be found here worth the search for them, the writer is venturing these thoughts. The sources of information upon which these conclusions are based are both varied and extensive. In the first place the writer has been a member of a teachers college faculty for more than a quarter of a century and has held the office of dean in that institution for almost twenty years. During all these years he has had some voice in determining the policies of the institution relative to matters of this character. Besides he has had an extensive acquaintance with administrators in teachers colleges and universities in a number of states. In addition, through conversations with deans and other officials and through letters addressed to them, he has gathered much valuable