Incidence Of Hypertension In Women Research Articles

Modifiable lifestyle factors in the primordial prevention of hypertension in three US cohorts

BackgroundEvidence is lacking on the relative contributions of specific lifestyle factors and their overall contribution to prevention of hypertension, in particular early-onset hypertension. MethodsThis prospective cohort study included participants of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, N = 52,780 women, aged 40–67 in 1986), the NHS II (N = 83,871 women, aged 27–46 in 1991), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, N = 31,269 men, aged 40–75 in 1986), who were free from hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Four modifiable lifestyles were evaluated based on hypertension guidelines: BMI, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and alcohol intake. Primary outcome was incident self-reported diagnosis of hypertension with 27–31 years of follow-up. ResultsEach lifestyle factor was associated with incident hypertension in dose-dependent manners across the cohorts, with BMI having the strongest associations. On average, adhering to BMI <25 kg/m2 was associated with 20.3 [18.5, 22.0], 25.0 [23.2, 26.8], and 18.6 [16.7, 20.7] months longer periods free from hypertension during 25-year follow-up in each cohort respectively. BMI accounted for approximately 20 % of incident hypertension in NHS and HPFS, and 35 % of early-onset hypertension (age < 55 y). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and diet accounted for 10–15 % of incident hypertension in women, and the contributions were greater for early-onset hypertension. ConclusionHealthy weight during adulthood was most substantially associated with incident hypertension among lifestyle factors, but diet, physical activity, and alcohol intake were also related to the risk across all ages, and hypertension-free periods, with stronger associations in early-onset hypertension.

High-normal systolic blood pressure in early midlife is a stronger risk factor for incident hypertension later in life for women than men

Abstract Background We have previously found that having high-normal blood pressure (BP) in early midlife is a stronger risk factor for incident hypertension later in life for women than for men. Whether this risk is related both to high-normal systolic and diastolic BP is not known. Purpose To explore whether there is a sex difference in risk of incident hypertension related to high-normal systolic and diastolic BP in early midlife. Methods In the community-based Hordaland Health Study, 1025 women and 703 men were examined at age 42 years (baseline) and re-examined after 26 years. Patients with hypertension at baseline were excluded. Attended BP was measured in triplets, and clinic BP taken as the average of the two last measurements. High-normal systolic BP was identified as systolic BP of 130-139 mmHg and high normal diastolic BP as diastolic BP 85-89 mmHg. Incident hypertension was identified as BP ≥140/90 mmHg or patient reported use of antihypertensive drugs on the follow-up visit. The associations of systolic and diastolic BP at baseline with incident hypertension at follow-up were explored in sex specific multivariable logistic regression analyses. Multivariable analysis looking at high-normal diastolic BP was adjusted for baseline BMI, systolic BP, high-normal diastolic BP , heart rate, physical activity, daily smoker, cholesterol, triglycerides. Multivariable analysis looking at high-normal systolic BP was adjusted for baseline BMI, diastolic BP, high normal systolic BP , heart rate, physical activity, daily smoker, cholesterol, triglyceride. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values. Results At baseline, average BP was 119/73 mmHg in women and 126/76 mmHg in men (p&amp;lt;0.001). A high-normal systolic BP was found in 16% of women and 35% of men (p&amp;lt; 0.001). A high-normal diastolic BP was found in 7% of women and 11% of men(p=0.008). After 26 years of follow-up, 39% of women and 45% of men had developed hypertension (p&amp;lt;0.05). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, high-normal systolic and diastolic BP at baseline predicted incident hypertension at follow up in both sexes (Table 1). High-normal systolic BP was a significantly stronger predictor for incident hypertension in women (OR 2.32, CI 1.5-3.5) with p&amp;lt;0.01 for sex interaction (Table 1). In men, high-normal diastolic BP at baseline, was the strongest predictor of incident hypertension (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.7), but no sex-interaction was found for high-normal diastolic BP, possibly due to low numbers. Conclusions Having a high-normal systolic BP in early midlife is a greater risk for developing hypertension later in life for women than men.Table 1

Hubungan Paparan Asap Rokok Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Wanita di Kauman Kabupaten Brebes

Background: Smoking is still the biggest problem in the world and causes 5.4 million people to die every year. It is explained that the acute effects caused by smoking can increase heart rate and blood pressure by increasing levels of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that is found in many people in Indonesia and around the world and is still the most important health problem throughout the world and over time this problem is increasing. Hypertension can be caused by an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between exposure to cigarette smoke and the incidence of hypertension in women in Kauman, Brebes Regency. Method This research is a quantitative study with an observational analytical approach and uses a cross sectional study design. The population in this study were women of productive age 15-64 years who lived in Kauman Village with a total sample of 20 respondents taken using a purposive sampling technique with the inclusion criteria being women aged 36-65 years and having family members who smoked at home. Results: In this study, the results obtained from the Chi-Square test were p value 0.914, if p &gt; 0.05 then there was no significant relationship between the number of active smokers in the family and the incidence of hypertension in women in Kauman, Brebes district. And the p value of 0.045 means that there is a significant relationship between the length of exposure to cigarette smoke and the incidence of hypertension in women in Kauman, Brebes Regency. Conclusion: There is no relationship between the number of active smokers in the family and the incidence of hypertension in women in Kauman Brebes Regency and there is a relationship between the length of exposure to cigarette smoke and the incidence of hypertension in women in Kauman Brebes Regency.

Determinants of Hypertension Occurrence in Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) in the Working Area of the Sungai Tering Community Health Center, East Tanjung Jabung Regency in 2022

The incidence of hypertension is increasing in the world. Many factors cause hypertension both socio-demographic factors, behavior, physical and history of the disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age (15-49 years) in the Working Area of the Sungai Tering Public Health Center, East Tanjung Jabung Regency in 2022. This study used a cross sectional design. The research variables were age, family history, obesity, physical activity, seafood consumption, and hormonal contraception. Data collection used a questionnaire by conducting interviews, measuring blood pressure, measuring body weight and height. Sampling used Stratified random sampling, 120 samples of women of childbearing age were analyzed using the Cox-Regression test. The proportion of hypertension in the Sungai Tering Health Center working area is 43.35%. Factors associated with the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age are family history, physical activity, and consumption of seafood. Factors that are not related are age, obesity, and hormonal contraception. Healthy lifestyle behaviors such as a balanced diet, diligent physical activity, and regular health checks reduce the risk of developing hypertension.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident young-onset hypertension: Effect modification by sex

Background and aimsAlthough nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertension are increasingly common among young adults, it is uncertain if NAFLD affects incidence of young-onset hypertension, and if the association is modified by sex. We investigated potential effect modification by sex on the association between NAFLD and incident hypertension in young adults (<40 years). Method and resultsThis cohort study comprised 85,789 women and 67,553 men aged <40 years without hypertension at baseline. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver ultrasound and classified as mild or moderate/severe. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mmHg; self-reported history of physician-diagnosed hypertension; or current use of BP-lowering medications. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for incident hypertension by NAFLD status (median follow-up 4.5 years). A total of 25,891 participants developed incident hypertension (incidence rates per 103 person-years: 15.6 for women and 63.5 for men). Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident hypertension comparing no NAFLD (reference) with mild or moderate/severe NAFLD were 1.68 (1.56–1.80) and 1.83 (1.60–2.09) for women and 1.21 (1.17–1.25) and 1.23 (1.17–1.30) for men, respectively. Stronger associations were consistently observed between NAFLD and incident hypertension in women, regardless of obesity/central obesity (all p-values for interaction by sex <0.001). ConclusionsNAFLD is a potential risk factor for young-onset hypertension with a relatively greater impact in women and in those with more severe hepatic steatosis.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MASKED NOCTURNAL HYPERTENSION AND DEPRESSION DISORDER IN COVID-19 POSITIVE PATIENTS

Objective: An effect of depression for masked hypertension are scarce. We evaluated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of masked nocturnal hypertension (MNH) under hypertension in COVID 19 positive patients Design and method: The study evaluated 158 hypertensive patients with COVID 19 positive and depression disorder, evaluated by self BP monitoring. Among the participants, classified as masked nocturnal hypertension(MNHT) ( Daytime BP below 135/85 mmHg and night-time BP over 120/70 mmHg. Results: COVID 19 positive patients with depressive symptoms had a significantly higher incidence of hypertension in women compared to men with depressive symptoms. In the logistic regression analysis, the presence of depressive symptom was significantly associated with masked hypertension with COVID 19 positive independently of age, body mass index, education level, and current smoking and drinking status. Conclusions: COVID 19 positive patients with Depressive symptoms were highly associated with the incidence of hypertension among middle aged women and The highly significant predictive risk factor of depression disorder might be high nighttime BP. Comparison of clinic BP with either daytime high BP or awake high BP

High-normal blood pressure in midlife is a stronger risk factor for incident hypertension 26 years later in women than men: the Hordaland Health Study

Purpose To identify modifiable risk factors in early midlife associated with incident hypertension 26 years later in women and men. Materials and methods We used data from 1025 women and 703 men in the community-based Hordaland Health Study examined at the mean age of 42 years (baseline) and after a 26-year follow-up. Patients with hypertension at baseline were excluded. Blood pressure (BP) was classified according to European guidelines. Factors associated with incident hypertension were identified in logistic regression analyses. Results At baseline, women had a lower average BP and a lower prevalence of high-normal BP (19% vs 37%, p < .05). Overall, 39% of women and 45% of men developed hypertension during follow-up (p < .05). Among those with high-normal BP at baseline, 72% of women and 58% of men developed hypertension (p < .01). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, high-normal BP at baseline was a stronger predictor of incident hypertension in women (odds ratio, OR 4.8, [95% confidence interval, CI 3.4–6.9]) than in men (OR 2.1, [95% CI 1.5–2.8]), p < .01 for sex interaction. A higher baseline body mass index (BMI) was associated with incident hypertension in both sexes. Conclusions High-normal BP in midlife is a stronger risk factor for developing hypertension 26 years later in women than in men, independent of BMI.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DEPRESSION DISORDER AND INCIDENTAL HYPERTENSION IN COVID 19 POSITIVE PATIENTS

Objective: Although the association between depression disorder and cardiovascular diseases has been well recognized. but an effect of depression for incident hypertension are scarce. Design and method: 300 men and 390 women aged over 40 without hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. Depressive disorder was assessed using Beck’s depression inventory (BDI) ranged 0 to 63 and was considered if BDI score over 16. Hypertension was defined as SBP over 140 and/or DBP over 90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive medication. We calculated incidence rates (IRs) per 100 person-year for incident hypertension were calculated and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and its 95% CIs. Results: COVID 19 positive patients with depressive symptoms had a significantly higher incidence of hypertension in women compared to men with depressive symptoms. In the logistic regression analysis, the presence of depressive symptom was significantly associated with incident hypertension with COVID 19 positive independently of age, body mass index, education level, and current smoking and drinking status. Conclusions: COVID 19 positive patients with Depressive symptoms were highly associated with the incidence of hypertension among middle aged women.

Differences in Lipid Profiles and Atherogenic Indices Between Hypertensive and Normotensive Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study of 11 Chinese Cities.

BackgroundSeveral previous studies have reported that dyslipidemia is associated with the risk of hypertension, but these studies are mainly conducted in European and US populations, with a very few studies in the Asian population. Moreover, the effects of atherosclerotic indices, including atherogenic coefficient (AC) and atherogenic risk of plasma (AIP), on hypertension in Asians have not been well described so far.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, altogether 211,833 Chinese adults were ultimately recruited at the health centers in 11 Chinese cities (including Shanghai, Beijing, Nanjing, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Changzhou, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hefei, Wuhan, and Nantong). Differences in continuous variables between the two groups were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney test, while those in categorical variables were examined by the Chi-squared test. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between lipid profiles and the risk of hypertension. The predictive values of AC and AIP for the incidence of hypertension were analyzed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Meanwhile, Bayesian network (BN) models were performed to further analyze the associations between the different covariates and the incidence of hypertension.ResultsA total of 117,056 participants were included in the final analysis. There were significant differences in baseline characteristics between normotension and hypertension groups (p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, the risk of hypertension increased by 0.2% (1.002 [1.001–1.003]), 0.2% (1.002 [1.001–1.003]), and 0.2% (1.002 [1.001–1.003]) per 1 mg/dl increase in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c), respectively. However, after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), an increase in HDL level was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (p for a trend < 0.001), and the risk of hypertension increased by 0.6% per 1 mg/dl increase in HDL-c (1.006 [1.003–1.008]). In women, AC had the highest predictive value for the incidence of hypertension with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.667 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.659–0.674]. BN models suggested that TC and LDL were more closely related to the incidence of hypertension.ConclusionsOverall, lipid profiles were significantly abnormal in the hypertensive population than in the normotensive population. TC and LDL were strongly associated with the incidence of hypertension. TC, LDL, and non-HDL-c levels show a positive association, HDL-c shows a negative association, while TG is not significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. After adjusting for BMI, HDL-c turns out to be positively associated with the risk of hypertension. In addition, AC has a good predictive value for the incidence of hypertension in women.

FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKEMAS NAIBONAT

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a non-communicable disease that is one of the main causes of premature death worldwide. Generally, hypertension is found in people with old age, but in its development, hypertension also affects people of reproductive age, such as women of childbearing age. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in WUS in the working area of ​​the Naibonat Health Center. The type of research used is quantitative, with a case-control study approach. The case population in this study was 511 WUS, then 55 case samples were taken using a simple random sampling technique, and 55 control samples were taken from the respondent's closest neighbors. The data obtained were analyzed using the chi-square statistical test. The dependent variable in this study was hypertension, while the independent variables were age, family history, use of hormonal contraception, obesity, and stress. The results showed that three variables had a relationship with hypertension in women of childbearing age, namely age (p=0.000, OR=7.111), family history (p=0.002, OR=3.710), and physical activity (p=0.000, OR=4.495). in comparison, the use of hormonal contraception, obesity and stress did not have a relationship with the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age. The Puskesmas is expected to increase efforts to prevent hypertension by optimally improving services, especially in increasing public knowledge about hypertension so that people can maintain normal blood pressure and can avoid risk factors that can cause hypertension.

Meta-Analysis the Effect of Hormonal Contraception on the Weight Gain and Hypertension in Women of Reproductive Age

Background: Hormonal contraception is a contraceptive method that can prevent pregnancy because it contains estrogen and progesterone. The use of hormonal contraception for a long time can cause side effects including increased body weight, cholesterol deposits, and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to examine, analyze, and estimate the magnitude of the effect of the use of hormonal contraception on the incidence of weight gain and hypertension in women of childbearing age based on the results of previous similar studies. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA flowchart diagrams. The process of searching for articles was carried out between 2004-2021 using 3 databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The keywords used in the database search are ""Hormonal Contraception" AND “DPMA injection” AND "Weight Gain" AND "Hypertension". Inclusion criteria for full text articles used the observational Randomized Controlled Trial method, the articles used English, and reported the Mean and SD in multivariate analysis. Articles that met the requirements were analyzed using the RevMan 5.3 application. Results: A total of 14 articles with a Randomized Controlled Trial study design originating from Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, America, California, Africa, Ethiopia, and Kenya were meta-analyzed in this study. Meta-analysis of 7 articles showed that hormonal contraception had an effect on weight gain in women of childbearing age by 0.03 units but not statistically significant (SMD= 0.03; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.14; p= 0.530). Meanwhile, 7 articles showed that hormonal contraception increased the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age by 0.10 units, but it was not statistically significant (SMD= 0.10; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.37; p= 0.460). Conclusion: Hormonal contraception increases body weight and hypertension in women of childbearing age. Keywords: hormonal contraception, weight gain, hypertension, meta-analysis. Correspondence: Zonna Aditiya Kusumaningtiyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah. Email: zonnaaditiya22@gmail.com. Mobile: +628­2­234998054. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2022), 07(06): 699-710 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.08

Hubungan antara Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Wanita Usia Subur di Indonesia (Analisis Data Indonesian Family Life Survey 5)

Background: The incidence of hypertension in women is 36.9%, allegedly related to hormonal changes triggered by the use of hormonal contraceptives. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the use of hormonal contraception on the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age. Methods: This cross-sectional study used IFLS 2014 data and involved 7,097 participants who were selected using multistage random sampling technique. The research variables included age, education, work status, physical activity, stress, use and length of time being a hormonal family planning acceptor, work status, blood pressure and obesity. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and analytically using logistic regression. Results: The incidence of hypertension reached 27.2%, and the multivariate analysis showed the significant correlation with age and duration of hormonal contraceptive use (p=0.000; PR=2.809; 95%-CI=2.516-3.136 and p=0.000; PR=1.002; 95% -CI=1.001-1.003). Conclusion: The incidence of hypertension in hormonal contraceptive users is related to age and period of use. Hormonal family planning acceptors need to regularly control blood pressure with age to monitor the incidence of hypertension.

Sex differences in the association between green tea consumption and hypertension in elderly Chinese adults

BackgroundGreen tea has been one of the most popular beverages in China since ancient times. Mixed results concerning the effect of green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension have been published over the past decades. However, no previous studies have focused on longevous individuals in China and the sex differences in the association between habitual green tea intake and hypertension.MethodsThe data extracted from the database of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2018 were used for a secondary analysis. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the odds ratio (OR) of daily green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension by sex.ResultsA total of 9277 individuals were included in the analysis (39.8% were men). The included individuals had a mean age of 80.9 and 84.8 years for those who drank green tea daily and those who had never, respectively (p < 0.001). The incidence of hypertension varied at baseline according to green tea drinking habit and sex. For women who had a habitual green tea intake or had never drunk green tea, the incidence of hypertension was 47.3 and 43.9%, respectively (p = 0.241), whereas it was 51.6 and 39.7% for men (p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, a 38% increase in the risk of hypertension was observed in men who consumed green tea daily (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15–1.67; p < 0.001).ConclusionsChinese longevous men had a 38% higher risk of developing hypertension when drinking green tea daily. However, no effect of green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension in women was found. More attention should be paid to the lifestyle of longevous individuals for health promotion, and a sex-specific approach to deliver care for very elderly people is warranted.

Incidence of essential hypertension but not echocardiographic abnormalities at four years with a history of preeclampsia with severe features.

Women with preeclampsia are more likely to have abnormal echocardiographic parameters at the time of diagnosis and are more likely to have hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life. Screening for future CVD in preeclamptic women would assist in appropriately risk stratifying and identifying high risk women for preventive management; however, the timing of screening and the screening factors are unknown. The objectives of this project are to 1) assess incidence of essential hypertension 4years after pregnancy in preeclampsia with severe features (PEC) 2) identify predictive echocardiographic variables at the time of PEC diagnosis and 3) assess the rate of echocardiographic abnormalities 4years after developing PEC. This is a prospective longitudinal study observing the incidence of essential hypertension in women within 4years of a pregnancy complicated by PEC. We further looked at echocardiographic variables at the time of PEC diagnosis and at 4years after PEC pregnancy in women with and without subsequent incident essential hypertension. The primary outcome measure is the incidence of essential hypertension within 4years of PEC pregnancy, defined as a systolic blood pressure≥130mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure≥80mmHg. Secondary imaging outcomes include the persistence of abnormal echocardiographic parameters. Clinical secondary outcomes are new diagnoses of severe CVD, including coronary artery disease, stroke, arrhythmia, heart failure, or inpatient hospital admission for CVD. Of the 33 enrolled women with PEC, 48% (16/33) developed incident essential hypertension within 4years of delivery. These women had thicker left ventricular posterior walls on their initial antenatal echocardiogram when compared to the 52% (17/33) who did not develop hypertension (1.0cm [0.9-1.1cm] vs 0.9cm [0.7-0.9cm]. p<0.016). However, these abnormal echocardiographic variables resolved in the 16 women who underwent 4-year follow-up echocardiography. Women who develop PEC have a high incidence of essential hypertension within 4years of delivery. The group who develops essential hypertension are more likely to have evidence of adverse cardiac remodeling at the time of PEC diagnosis; however, neither group have cardiac echocardiographic abnormalities 4years postpartum. Because this is a small study, larger long-term cohort studies are needed to confirm these echocardiographic and clinical findings.

Association between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Incident Hypertension in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been found to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no clear consensus on the relationship between SCH and hypertension (HTN). We sought to investigate the association between SCH and incident HTN in women. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies that reported the incidence of HTN in females with SCH versus without SCH. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the outcome were obtained using a random-effects model. Studies were also divided into the middle-aged (mean age < 65) and the older (mean age ≥ 65) subgroups, and a subgroup analysis was performed to examine the potential age-effect on the association between SCH and HTN. Nine studies with a total of 21,972 subjects met the inclusion criteria. SCH was found to be positively associated with HTN (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02–1.71). Such association varied depending on the age of women. In the middle-aged subgroup, SCH was more positively associated with HTN (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.18–2.27), while there was no significant association in the older subgroup (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.80–1.16). Our study showed that the middle-aged females with SCH had an increased risk of HTN, while there was no significant association in the older females with SCH.

PENGARUH METODE KONTRASEPSI, LAMA PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI TERHADAP KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA IBU PASANGAN USIA SUBUR DIPUSKESMAS PULO BRAYAN TAHUN 2020

Based on data from Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan, the number of hypertension sufferers in the last 3 years has increased. In 2018 the number of hypertension sufferers was 378 people, in 2019 there were 384 people, and in 2020 there were 394 people. Of the 394 patients with hypertension, 214 were women of PUS. There are many factors that are thought to be the cause of hypertension in women with PUS, such as the use of contraceptives. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of duration of use of contraceptives, contraceptive methods, duration of use of contraception, on the incidence of hypertension in women with fertility. This research is an analytical research and is quantitative in nature with a case control design (case control). The research was conducted in the area of ​​Pulo Brayan Health Center, Medan. The study population was 8,547 people and the sample was obtained as many as 166 people who were divided into 2 groups, each 83 people. Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square. The results showed that the duration of use of contraception, the method of contraception, the duration of use of contraception, had an effect on the incidence of hypertension in PUS mothers in the Pulo Brayan Public Health Center, Medan, p &lt;0.05. The variable with the greatest influence in this study was the variable body mass index (BMI) which had a value of Exp (B) = 20.639 (95% CI = 5.850-72.823). It is recommended to the Head of Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan to inform PUS mothers who use hormonal contraceptives such as pills and injections to carry out routine blood pressure checks at the puskesmas so that early detection of other complications that can accompany an increase in blood pressure.&#x0D;

SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE GENETIC RISK FOR HYPERTENSION

Abstract Objective: The development of hypertension differs markedly between men and women. The genetic drivers of this difference have not been fully studied. Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRSs), consisting of data from up to 6 M single nucleotide polymorphisms have been shown to considerably improve hypertension risk prediction, particularly in early-onset disease. However, the sex differences in the ability of PRSs to predict hypertension has not been studied previously. Figure Survival curves from Cox proportional hazards models illustrate the cumulative risk of hypertension by systolic blood pressure PRS categories in FinnGen for women and men. We observed 123 579 women and 95 213 men with 27 804 and 28 113 cases of incident hypertension, respectively. Design and method: Our study sample comprised 218792 FinnGen Study participants with lifetime register-based follow-up for incident hypertension (56% women, mean age 58 years). We used publicly available genome-wide association results from UK Biobank to compute sex-specific PRSs for systolic blood pressure. We categorized SBP PRS into five bins according to percentiles (&lt;2.5, 2.5–20, 20–80, 80–97.5, &gt; 97.5) and used middle bin as the reference. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to measure the association between the PRSs and incident hypertension. Results: The PRS was more strongly associated with incident hypertension in women than in men (Figure). The hazard ratios (HR) per 1 SD increase in PRSs were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.40–1.44) for women and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.26–1.29) with an interaction P-value of 4x10–29. The difference between women (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.53–1.58) and men (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.32–1.37) was even greater for early-onset hypertension (onset at age &lt; 55 years). Men and women in the top 2.5 PRS percentile had 2.1-fold (95% CI, 2.0–2.3) and 1.8-fold (95% CI, 1.7–1.9) greater risks of developing hypertension than the reference group. Conclusions: The genetic risk of hypertension appears to be more distinctive in women than in men, which may reflect physiological differences starting already at an early age. These results emphasize the use of sex-specific PRSs in clinical prediction of hypertension.

Sex modification of the association of the radial augmentation index and incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population.

BACKGROUNDArterial stiffness, as assessed by aortic ultrasound and pulse wave velocity, is associated with incident hypertension. However, there is still no consensus on whether the augmentation index (AI) affects new onset of hypertension. This study investigated the relationship of radial AI (rAI) and incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population without hypertension at baseline.METHODA total of 1,615 Chinese non-hypertensive participants from an atherosclerosis cohort in Beijing, China were included in our analysis. Baseline rAI normalized to heart rate of 75 beats/min (rAIp75) was obtained using HEM-9000AI. New-onset hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or self-reported hypertension or taking anti-hypertensive medications at the follow up survey. Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the impact of rAIp75 on the risk of new-onset hypertension.RESULTSAfter a mean 2.35-year follow-up, 213 (13.19%) participants developed incident hypertension. No significant relation between rAIp75 and incident hypertension was observed in the whole population after adjustment for possible confounders (adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09 [0.95−1.27];P = 0.2260). However, rAIp75 was significantly associated with incident hypertension in women, but not in men (adjusted OR and 95% CI: 1.29 [1.06−1.56],P = 0.0113 for women; 0.91 [0.72−1.15],P = 0.4244 for men; P for interaction = 0.0133). CONCLUSIONSSex modified the effect of the rAI on incident hypertension in a Chinese, community-based, non-hypertensive population. Screening of the rAI could be considered in women with a high risk of hypertension for the purpose of primary intervention.

Analyzing The Use Of Kb Pill Contraception Equipment With Hypertension In Fertilizer Age Women

Hypertension in couples of childbearing age can be caused by the use of hormonal birth control which continues to be used by women of childbearing age, it can cause fatal complications, such as heart attacks, strokes and kidney failure. Hypertension can also cause blindness, irregular heart rhythms and heart failure. The aim of analyzing the effect of contraceptive use is the birth control pill with the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age in the village of Paleleh, Paleleh District, Buol District.&#x0D; The design used in the study was a cross sectional survey. Population is all women of childbearing age who have become KB pill acceptors. The sample size was 40 respondents using Accidental sampling technique. The independent variable of the study was the use of pill contraception. The dependent variable is the incidence of hypertension. Data was collected using a questionnaire, then data were analyzed using the Spearman Rho test, with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05.&#x0D; The results of the study showed that at most respondents had a duration of using the Pill for 24 months as many as 10 respondents (52.6%), the incidence of stage 2 hypertension was 15 respondents (37.5%), the results showed that the statistical test obtained p = 0,000 with a = 0.05, which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted so that it can be interpreted that there is a significant relationship on the variable length of birth control pills with the incidence of hypertension, with a correlation coefficient of 0.851 which means having a strong relationship.&#x0D; Birth control pills can affect blood pressure which can cause hypertension in women of childbearing age.

RELATIONSHIP OF OBESITY AND STRESS WITH HYPERTENSION EVENTS IN WOMEN IN NADGALO PADANG HEALTH CENTER

This research uses descriptive analytic cross sectional design. Data collection was conducted at Nanggalo Public Health Center in Padang with a sample of 57 people, with accidental sampling technique. Retrieval of data using primary data collected through questionnaires and weighing BMI and secondary data obtained from the documentation study at Padang Nanggalo Public Health Center. Data were processed with SPSS using univariate analysis of frequency distribution and bivariate chi- square test.The results of the study are known from 57 respondents 66.7% who suffer from hypertension, 78.4% respondents who are obese, 80% respondents are stressed Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between. The relationship between obesity and hypertension (p= 0.024 ? 0.05). The relationship between stress and hypertension (p=0.030 ? 0.05). From the results of this study the incidence of hypertension in women is related to the use obesity and stress. Suggestions for health workers to further improve counseling about healthy eating and exercise to prevent hypertension.