Incidence Rates Of Basal Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

Incidence and trends of first basal cell carcinomas in France between 1980 and 2019: a regional population-based registry study.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignancy reported in populations with fair skin. In most countries, BCCs are only partially or not at all recorded, and incidence data are lacking. This study assessed the current incidence rates and trends in the only two French départements where BCCs have been recorded for several decades. This regional population-based study thus used data from two French cancer registries (Doubs and Haut-Rhin) where first-time BCC diagnoses were recorded. The European age-standardised incidence rates (EASR) were calculated per 100 000 person-years (p-y). The trends and the annual percentages of change were assessed using join-point analysis. In all, 48 989 patients were diagnosed with a first BCC in the study period. The median age at diagnosis was 69 years and the BCCs were mainly located on the head and neck (68.8%). In the Doubs area between 1980 and 2016, the EASR of BCC increased from 59.9 to 183.1 per 100 000 p-y. The annual increase for men was 5.73% before 1999 and 1.49% thereafter, and among women 4.56% before 2001 and 1.31% thereafter. In the Haut-Rhin area, the EASR increased from 139.2 in 1991 to 182.8 per 100 000 p-y in 2019. Among men, the EASR increased annually by 2.31% before 2000, and by 0.29% after 2000; among women, it increased by 0.95% over the entire period (1991-2019). In the most recent period and for these two départements, the age-specific incidence rates of BCC for men and women were close before the age of 60, except for the 40-49 age group, where the rates were significantly higher among women. For patients aged 60 years and over, men had much higher rates of BCC. BCC incidence has increased since 1980 and is still rising, particularly among men and the elderly. A slowing was observed since 2000, which could be explained by a shift in the management of BCCs and by the possible efficacy of prevention actions. This study provides insight into the BCC burden in France and highlights the need to maintain effective prevention strategies, since incidence is still increasing.

Incidence and trends of basal cell carcinoma in Sweden: a population‐based registry study*

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. Incidence is largely unknown because of incomplete, or lack of, registration in most countries. To assess current incidence rates and recent trends for BCC in the Swedish population. Patient- and tumour-related features of all histologically confirmed BCC tumours diagnosed in Sweden from 2004 to 2017 were extracted from the population-based Swedish BCC Registry. Incidence rates were standardized to the 2013 European Standard Population and trends were analysed using Poisson regression models. The age-standardized person-based incidence rate of BCC in Sweden was 405 per 100 000 in 2017, rising from 308 per 100 000 in 2004, corresponding to an annual relative increase of 1·8% (women, 2·1%; men, 1·4%). Incidence was highest in elderly people and the most common tumour site was the head and neck. In 2017, the most common BCC subtypes were nodular and micronodular/infiltrative BCC (each 31%). Incidence of aggressive BCC subtypes increased faster than other subtypes. BCC incidence rates in Sweden are relatively high and increasing. The increasing trends were more pronounced in women and for aggressive BCC subtypes. What is already known about this topic? Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer in white populations and its incidence is increasing. BCC is seldom registered in national population-based cancer registries, therefore incidence estimates are extrapolated from small studies or incomplete registers. BCC occurs more often in men than in women and occurs most commonly on the head and neck, followed by the trunk. What does this study add? This study provides current BCC incidence rates for an entire European population. Sex-specific trends show that BCC incidence is increasing faster in women in Sweden. Aggressive BCC subtypes appear to be increasing faster than other subtypes.

A nationwide study of the incidence and trends of first and multiple basal cell carcinomas in the Netherlands and prediction of future incidence.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and an ever increasing annual incidence is observed. However, nationwide registries of BCCs are very rare, and often extrapolation of the data has been necessary to estimate the absolute number of diagnoses. As of September 2016, all histopathologically confirmed BCCs are registered in the Netherlands, due to developments in automatic notification and import in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. This offers the unique possibility to assess the nationwide population-based incidence of first and multiple BCCs. To assess the nationwide incidence and trends of first and multiple BCCs in the Netherlands and to predict incidence rates up to 2029. All patients with histopathologically confirmed BCC between 2001 and 2019 were selected from the population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated and trends were analysed with use of the estimated annual percentage change. Prediction of BCC incidence rates up to 2029 was based on a regression model. In total, 601806 patients were diagnosed with a first BCC over the period 2001-2019. The age-standardized incidence rates for both men and women with a first BCC increased over these years, from 157 to 304 and from 124 to 274 per 100000 person-years, respectively. For male and female patients aged 30-39years, decreases in annual incidences of -3·6% and -3·0%, respectively, were found in recent years. For patients aged 50years or older an ever increasing trend was found. One-quarter of the patients with a first primary BCC developed one or more subsequent BCCs within 3years. Increases in incidence of 30·4% (male) and 25·3% (female) are expected in the next 10years. BCC incidence has doubled over the past two decades. Trends have seemed to stabilize in recent years for patients aged < 50years. This might be a first sign of a decreasing trend. The incidence continues to rise in patients aged 50years and older. In the next decade a further increase in BCC incidence is expected.

ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ БАЗАЛЬНОКЛЕТОЧНЫМ РАКОМ КОЖИ В КОГОРТЕ РАБОТНИКОВ ПО «МАЯК»

Results: To estimate incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma (BSC) following chronic occupational radiation exposure. &#x0D; Conclusion:The study cohort included 22,377 workers (25.4 % of females) of the nuclear production facility, Mayak Production Association (PA), who had been hired in 1948–1982. Gamma doses of external exposure were provided by the Mayak Workers Dosimetry System – 2013 (MWDS–2013). The cohort was followed up until 31.12.2018.&#x0D; Results: By the end of the follow-up period 293 BSC cases were registered in the study cohort. BSC incidence rates significantly increased with increasing attained age of workers. The highest BSC incidence rate was observed in the age group above 70 years, both for males and females. The study found a significant increasing linear trend for standardized incidence rates for both males and females; approximation confidence factors were R2 = 0.82 and R2 = 0.95, respectively. The majority of BSC cases in the study cohort were registered in 1994–2018 (71.12 % in males and 81.13 % in females). The component analysis demonstrated that the absolute growth in the BSC incidence rate in both males and females was due to changes in the age structure of the study population and the risk of the disease.&#x0D; Conclussion: BSC incidence rates were significantly higher in males externally exposed to gamma rays at cumulative skin absorbed doses 0.2–0.5 Gy, 0.5–1.0 Gy and above 1.0 Gy compared to those exposed at doses below 0.1 Gy. In females the corresponding differences were non-significant.

Narrative review of the epidemiology/biology of basal cell carcinoma: a need for public health consensus.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy afflicting modern Australian society. The most influential response to rising BCC incidence rates has been through public health primary prevention campaigns (PPC) which have persevered since the 1980s. These campaigns are widely heralded a success but clinical data quantifying these benefits are limited due to an absence of legislation around BCC reporting. A non-systematic search of the literature was conducted identifying articles investigating the incidence and clinical characteristics of BCC over the past 40 years, as well as the economic viability of the PPC. There is robust evidence supporting stabilizing rates of BCC incidence in Australia. Similarly, multiple studies have shown the economic benefits of PPC through cost analysis. Anatomical and histological data are reported inconsistently, consequently limiting analysis of changes in BCC clinical characteristics. The consensus throughout the literature is that BCC is a significant public health issue that requires legislative reform. This narrative literature review serves to highlight the need for statutory changes around non-melanocytic skin cancer data collection to enable appropriate analysis and evaluation of current management strategies.

Trends in basal cell carcinoma incidence rates: a 16-year retrospective study of a population in central Poland.

IntroductionBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide, and the overall incidence is still rising. Unfortunately, the cancer registry in Poland does not record BCC individually. Thus, the incidence of BCC in a defined population is unknown.AimAnalysis of incidence rates of primary BCC in central Poland during 16 years considering sex, site distribution and age to determine trends.Material and methodsWe retrospectively included all cases of BCC which were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, during the 16-year period from 1999 to 2015.ResultsWe recorded 945 BCCs occurring in 890 patients (504 females – 57%, 386 males – 43%). Patient’s age was between 21 and 94. A distinct increase in BCC was observed after 1999, while after 2010 during the next 2-year period a slight decrease was noted. A statistically significant correlation was observed between histopathological types of BCC and the location of the lesions. The superficial type predominates on photoprotected areas, especially on the trunk, while the nodular type occurs mainly in facial areas. No statistically significant correlation was observed between histopathological types of BCC and sex. We found a significant increase in incidence for superficial BCC among middle-age patients, while the nodular type was observed more frequently among elderly subjects.ConclusionsBasal cell carcinoma is quite common in Poland and predominantly develops in the facial area. In middle-age patients the most common is superficial BCC, while in elderly people the nodular type is most common. Based on our results we assume that there is a strong need to educate general physicians to enable them to diagnose BCC in the early stages.

Incidence Estimate of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer (Keratinocyte Carcinomas) in the U.S. Population, 2012.

Understanding skin cancer incidence is critical for planning prevention and treatment strategies and allocating medical resources. However, owing to lack of national reporting and previously nonspecific diagnosis classification, accurate measurement of the US incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been difficult. To estimate the incidence of NMSC (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the US population in 2012 and the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the 2012 Medicare fee-for-service population. This study analyzes US government administrative data including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Physicians Claims databases to calculate totals of skin cancer procedures performed for Medicare beneficiaries from 2006 through 2012 and related parameters. The population-based National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey database was used to estimate NMSC-related office visits for 2012. We combined these analyses to estimate totals of new skin cancer diagnoses and affected individuals in the overall US population. Incidence of NMSC in the US population in 2012 and BCC and SCC in the 2012 Medicare fee-for-service population. The total number of procedures for skin cancer in the Medicare fee-for-service population increased by 13% from 2,048,517 in 2006 to 2,321,058 in 2012. The age-adjusted skin cancer procedure rate per 100,000 beneficiaries increased from 6075 in 2006 to 7320 in 2012. The number of procedures in Medicare beneficiaries specific for NMSC increased by 14% from 1,918,340 in 2006 to 2,191,100 in 2012. The number of persons with at least 1 procedure for NMSC increased by 14% (from 1,177,618 to 1,336,800) from 2006 through 2012. In the 2012 Medicare fee-for-service population, the age-adjusted procedure rate for BCC and SCC were 3280 and 3278 per 100,000 beneficiaries, respectively. The ratio of BCC to SCC treated in Medicare beneficiaries was 1.0. We estimate the total number of NMSCs in the US population in 2012 at 5,434,193 and the total number of persons in the United States treated for NMSC at 3,315,554. This study is a thorough nationwide estimate of the incidence of NMSC and provides evidence of continued increases in numbers of skin cancer diagnoses and affected patients in the United States. This study also demonstrates equal incidence rates for BCC and SCC in the Medicare population.

Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ambient UV radiation in white populations, 1978-2012: empirical relationships.

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers in fair-skinned populations. Their incidence continues to increase in many countries. Exposure to UV radiation (UVR) is the primary cause of NMSC, although the pattern of exposure that gives rise to different types of NMSC appears to vary. To examine dose-response relationships between ambient UVR levels and NMSC incidence at the population level. Peer-reviewed literature published from January 1, 1978, through December 31, 2012, that provided age- and sex-specific incidence of NMSC in white populations worldwide was systematically reviewed. Mean erythemally weighted daily ambient UVR levels for each study location were derived from satellite data. The incidence of NMSC in white populations worldwide as reported in population-based studies. Forty eligible publications were included in the analysis. Analysis models that contained age group, sex, study year, mean daily UVR, and day-to-day variability of UVR explained most of the variability in NMSC incidence: 82% for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 85% for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Exclusion of studies in which imputation of age-specific incidence data from standardized rates was required improved the model fit to 85% for BCC and 88% for SCC. Higher mean daily UVR was associated with higher NMSC incidence rates; this was greater in men than women for BCC (70% vs 60%) but greater in women for SCC (99% vs 92%). Incidence rates for BCC and SCC were higher among those older than 60 years, but the increase with age was steeper for those younger than 60 years. Our models highlight the etiologic differences between BCC and SCC and allow prediction of NMSC incidence for data-poor regions and under changing demographic and environmental conditions.

Surveillance of nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence rates in kidney transplant recipients in Ireland.

The incidence of nonmelanomatous skin cancer (NMSC) is substantially higher among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) than in the general population. With a growing RTR population, a robust method for monitoring skin cancer rates in this population is required. A modeling approach was used to estimate the trends in NMSC rates that adjusted for changes in the RTR population (sex and age), calendar time, the duration of posttransplant follow-up, and background population NMSC incidence rates. RTR databases in both Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (ROI) were linked to their respective cancer registries for diagnosis of NMSC, mainly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). RTRs in the ROI had three times the incidence (P<0.001) of NMSC compared with NI. There was a decline (P<0.001) in NMSC 10-year cumulative incidence rate in RTRs over the period 1994-2009, which was driven by reductions in both SCC and BCC incidence rates. Nevertheless, there was an increase in the incidence of NMSC with time since transplantation. The observed graft survival was higher in ROI than NI (P<0.05) from 1994-2004. The overall patient survival of RTRs was similar in NI and ROI. Appropriate modeling of incidence trends in NMSC among RTRs is a valuable surveillance exercise for assessing the impact of change in clinical practices over time on the incidence rates of skin cancer in RTRs. It can form the basis of further research into unexplained regional variations in NMSC incidence.

Epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma in Lithuania, 1996-2010

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer among the white population. To describe the epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in Lithuania by analysing population-based incidence, with special emphasis on sex- and subsite-specific changes over time. Data from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry for the period 1996-2010 were used to analyse trends in the incidence rates for BCC. Only the first case of BCC per patient was included in this analysis. Age-standardized rates were calculated for both sexes. Standardization was performed using the direct method (European standard population). Since 1996, overall BCC incidence rates have increased from 27.4 to 46.0 cases per 100,000 in Lithuania. In 1996, the incidence of BCC was higher among women than men (28.2 vs. 27.6 per 100,000, respectively). Incidence of BCC during the study period increased faster among men than among women (by 3.3% and 2.6% per year, respectively), while the incidence among both sexes in 2010 became almost equal -46.4 among men and 47.4 among women per 100,000. The head and neck was the most common site of BCCs for both sexes (31.0 and 32.9 per 100,000 among men and women, respectively). The incidence of BCC in Lithuania is lower than that reported in Northern and Western Europe. The population-based data for BCC from Lithuania are closely comparable, with regard to age, tumour localization and place of residence, with the existing literature from other European cancer registries.

Basal-Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Associated Risk Factors in US Women and Men

There is a paucity of data on basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) in the United States, since most national registries do not collect information on BCC. We evaluated BCC incidence trends and associated risk factors for BCC in 140,171 participants from a U.S. female cohort, the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2006), and a U.S. male cohort, the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (1988-2006). Age-adjusted BCC incidence rates increased from 519 cases per 100,000 person-years to 1,019 cases per 100,000 person years for women and increased from 606 cases per 100,000 person-years to 1,488 cases per 100,000 person-years for men during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified the following phenotypic risk factors for BCC in both cohorts: family history of melanoma, blond or red hair colors, higher number of extremity moles, higher susceptibility to sunburn as a child/adolescent, and higher lifetime number of severe/blistering sunburns. The multivariate-adjusted risk ratio for the highest quintile of cumulative midrange ultraviolet B flux exposure versus the lowest quintile was 3.18 (95% confidence interval: 2.70, 3.76) in women and 1.90 (95% confidence interval: 1.57, 2.29) in men. BCC incidence was generally higher in men than in women, and BCC risk was strongly associated with several phenotypic and exposure factors, including midrange ultraviolet B radiation, in our study populations.

Trends in Basal Cell Carcinoma Incidence Rates: A 37-Year Dutch Observational Study

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) incidence rates are increasing. From 1973 to 2009, data on all first histologically confirmed BCCs were gained from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry to estimate trends in patient-based BCC incidence rates by sex, age group, and site in the southeast Netherlands. Trends in European age-standardized rates and age- and site-specific incidence rates were assessed by calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Between 1973 and 2009, the European standardized rate quadrupled from 40 to 165 per 100,000 person-years for men and from 34 to 157 for women, significantly increasing since 1973 in both sexes, but accelerating from 2002 until 2009 with an EAPC of 6.8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.3-8.3) for men and 7.9% (95% CI, 6.2-9.7) for women. Women below the age of 40 years exhibited a constant linear increase of 6.3% since 1973. The head and neck region was most often affected in both sexes, but the steepest increase was seen for the trunk (EAPC men 13%, women 15%). In the absence of reliable tumor-based rates, these alarming patient-based rates are probably an interesting indicator for the impact of more intensive UV exposure in a prosperous European population.

Trends in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma by histopathological subtype

As a result of the high prevalence, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) causes a significant and expensive health care problem. In this study, we evaluate the proportional increase in BCC by histological subtype over the last two decades. We retrospectively reviewed all primary histological confirmed BCCs diagnosed in the Maastricht University Medical Centre in The Netherlands in the years 1991, 1999 and 2007. An annual increase of the number of BCCs of 7% for both genders was shown. The age-standardized incidence rates for BCC increased between 1991 and 2007 from 54.2 to 162.1 per 100, 000 men and from 61.7 to 189.8 per 100, 000 women. The proportion of superficial BCC increased significantly from 17.6% to 30.7%. The incidence of BCC is continuing to increase this century. The observed shift to the superficial histological subtype, which can be treated non-surgically, might reduce the workload in the busy dermatologists practice.

Incidence of Basal Cell Carcinoma Multiplicity and Detailed Anatomic Distribution: Longitudinal Study of an Australian Population

A proportion of individuals are affected multiple times by basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but the rate and extent to which this occurs is unknown. We therefore prospectively estimated BCC incidence in a subtropical Australian population, focusing on the rate at which persons develop multiple primary BCCs and the precise anatomic sites of BCC occurrence. Between 1997 and 2006, 663 BCCs were confirmed in 301 of 1,337 participants in the population-based Nambour Skin Cancer Study. The incidence of persons affected multiple times by primary BCC was 705 per 100,000 person years compared to an incidence rate of people singly affected of 935 per 100,000 person years. Among the multiply and singly affected alike, site-specific BCC incidence rates were far highest on facial subsites, followed by upper limbs, trunk, and then lower limbs. We conclude that actual BCC tumor burden is much greater in the population than is apparent from normal incidence rates. Anatomic distribution of BCC is consistent with general levels of sun exposure across body sites.

Association of ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers with Keratinocyte Cancer Prevention in the Randomized VATTC Trial

The observation that angiotensin II is a potent angiogenic and growth factor raises the possibility that blocking its effects could reduce the incidence of cancer. We evaluated associations between use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and keratinocyte cancer incidence in a population at high risk of the disease. A cohort study design was conducted using data on 1051 participants in the randomized Department of Veterans Affairs Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention (VATTC) Trial, all of whom were at increased risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We followed participants from enrollment (November 1998 through January 2003) until first BCC or SCC. Study participants were examined every 6 months by a study dermatologist; biopsies were taken on all suspicious lesions and centrally reviewed. Use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs was ascertained from VA pharmacy records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of BCC and SCC with use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs. During a median follow-up of 3.4 years, 472 incident BCCs, 309 SCCs, and 200 deaths from any cause were observed. Compared with nonusers, users of ACE inhibitors or ARBs had statistically significantly reduced risks of BCC (IRR(BCC) = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.76) and SCC (IRR(SCC) = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.87). The combined absolute incidence rates of BCC and SCC were 237 per 1000 person-years among users of ACE inhibitors or ARBs and 374 per 1000 person-years among nonusers. The greatest reduction in keratinocyte cancer was seen among people who initiated use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs during the study period (IRR(BCC) = 0.45 [95% CI = 0.34 to 0.59]; IRR(SCC) = 0.48 [95% CI = 0.35 to 0.67]). Among a high-risk group of veterans, users of ACE inhibitors or ARBs had a lower incidence of keratinocyte cancers than nonusers. The more pronounced reduction among those who initiated use during the study may indicate an immediate effect.

Malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in Northrhine‐Westphalia, Germany: a patient‐ vs. diagnosis‐based incidence approach

Dermatologists have repeatedly criticized that the public health importance of nonmelanoma skin cancers is not appropriately reflected by the patient-based cancer incidence rates of population-based cancer registries. The aims of this study were to estimate the patient incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and skin melanoma, and to study the effect of multiple primary skin tumors on the incidence rates. We used a network of physicians covering a population of about 75,000 individuals to register all newly diagnosed invasive skin cancers (996 diagnoses in 796 patients), including BCC, SCC, and skin melanoma, from July 1998 to June 2003. We calculated age-standardized (world standard population) incidence rates (cases per 100,000 person-years) for the first diagnoses (called "patient incidence") and for any diagnoses of BCC, SCC, and skin melanoma (called "case incidence"). The patient incidence rates of BCC were 63.6 in men and 54.0 in women, and the case incidence rates of BCC were 82.7 and 71.1, respectively. The patient incidence rates of SCC were 17.4 in men and 9.7 in women, and the case incidence rates were 20.4 and 10.2, respectively. The patient and case incidence rates of skin melanoma were about the same at 13.6 in men and 18.5 in women. Twenty-five per cent of the BCC patients and 14% of the SCC patients suffered from more than one BCC and SCC, respectively, during the 5-year period. Patient incidence rates of BCC and SCC substantially underestimate the burden of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the population.

Incidence of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in New Brunswick, Canada, 1992 to 2001

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), collectively referred to as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), cause significant morbidity and generate a substantial cost to the health care system. Canadian data on the incidence of NMSC are lacking. To study the incidence and characteristics of NMSC in New Brunswick, Canada (population 729,498 people in 2001), by using the Provincial Cancer Registry. Data were obtained from 1992 to 2001 from the New Brunswick Provincial Cancer Registry, to which reporting of all cancers is mandatory. Multiple tumors of a given histologic type are recorded only once in the registry per individual per lifetime. A descriptive analysis of incidence rates of BCC and invasive SCC of the skin was performed in relation to gender, age, and anatomic location. The main outcome measures were the age- and sex-specific incidence rates of BCC and SCC. Age standardization was performed using the Canadian, US, and world standard populations. When adjusted to the world standard population, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 population for BCC from 1992 through 2001 were 87 for males and 68 for females. For invasive SCC, the ASIRs per 100,000 population were 34 for males and 16 for females. There was an increasing incidence trend for both BCC and invasive SCC over the 10-year study period, with minimal change in the incidence of SCC in women. The overall ratio of BCC to invasive SCC in the population was 2.8 to 1. The approximate lifetime probabilities of developing BCC and invasive SCC were 13% and 5%, respectively. The incidence of NMSC in the province of New Brunswick is similar to that reported from 1973 through 1987 in the province of British Columbia, higher than those reported in most parts of Europe, and lower than all published rates in the United States and Australia. Owing to the inability of the registry to account for tumor multiplicity, the actual annual number of all NMSC lesions in this population is likely much higher.

Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid in Finland during 1953−97

To study the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the eyelid in Finland. We studied 6241 cases of BCC of the eyelid reported to the nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry during 1953-97. We determined the age- and sex- specific incidence rates and overall rates adjusted for age to the world standard population, and social class- and occupation-specific standardized incidence ratios, with the total Finnish population as reference. The incidence rates of BCC of the eyelid varied between 0.7 and 3.0 per 100 000 person-years in men and between 0.5 and 2.8 per 100 000 person-years in women during the study period. The age-adjusted incidence rates of BCC of the eyelid increased during 1953-87 (p < 0.0001). The incidence of BCC of the eyelid rose significantly with age. There were no significant differences in standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for BCC of the eyelid between different social class and occupation categories. Age-adjusted incidence rates showed that BCC of the eyelid was more than twice as frequent during 1978-97 than before 1968. Ageing may partly explain the increased incidence of BCC of the eyelid, whereas there were no differences in the SIRs for BCC of the eyelid between different social class and occupation categories in Finland.

Rapid and Continuous Increases in Incidence Rates of Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Southeast Netherlands Since 1973

This study is aimed to determine the characteristics of the trends in incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the Netherlands. We used incidence data of BCC from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry (Comprehensive Cancer Centre South) in the south of the Netherlands from 1973 to 2000. Data were age-adjusted and age-specific rates were calculated. Joinpoint and age-period-birth cohort modelling were applied. Between 1973 and 2000, age-adjusted incidence rates of BCC increased in both sexes, most markedly among (young) females. Recent increases were most marked on the trunk. The male data fitted age-drift models, suggesting a linear increase in rates over time, not attributable to either period- or cohort effects. In females, age-cohort-drift models described the data adequately, suggesting changes in intermittent UV exposures in subsequent cohorts. Incidence of BCC in the Netherlands is increasing rapidly, especially at body sites that are not chronically exposed to sunlight. The most likely explanation is an increased intermittent overexposure to UV radiation. This could have introduced an equal fractional increase in risk at all ages in all cohorts. There is no indication of an end to this trend in BCC.

The Effect of Skin Examination Surveys on the Incidence of Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Queensland Community Sample: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study

Skin cancers pose a significant public health problem in high-risk populations. We have prospectively monitored basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) incidence in a Queensland community over a 10-y period by recording newly treated lesions, supplemented by skin examination surveys. Age-standardized incidence rates of people with new histologically confirmed BCC were 2787 per 100,000 person-years at risk (pyar) among men and 1567 per 100,000 pyar among women, and corresponding tumor rates were 5821 per 100,000 pyar and 2733 per 100,000 pyar, respectively. Incidence rates for men with new SCC were 944 per 100,000 pyar and for women 675 per 100,000 pyar; tumor rates were 1754 per 100,000 pyar and 846 per 100,000 pyar, respectively. Incidence rates of BCC tumors but not SCC tumors varied noticeably according to method of surveillance, with BCC incidence rates based on skin examination surveys around three times higher than background treatment rates. This was mostly due to an increase in diagnosis of new BCC on sites other than the head and neck, arms, and hands associated with skin examination surveys and little to do with advancing the time of diagnosis of BCC on these sites as seen by a return to background rates following the examination surveys. We conclude that BCC that might otherwise go unreported are detected during skin examination surveys and thus that such skin cancer screening can influence the apparent burden of skin cancer.