Incidence Rates Of Oral Cancer Research Articles

Oral cancer incidence rate is associated with access to dental care: City and statewide analyses.

Access to dental care may affect diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We tested whether the incidence rate of OSCC is higher in regions with less dental care access in the city of Chicago and state of Illinois. Ecological cohort. Population, outpatients, and inpatients. We extracted 5-year averages of the state-wide county-level and city-level OSCC incidence rates from 2015 to 2019 from the Illinois Department of Public Health. Dental care access information was also collected for each county for the same period, as well as the percentage of people that had ≥1 visit to a dentist in the previous year in Chicago. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to investigate the relationship between county-level access to dental care (and city-level dentist visits) and OSCC incidence rate, controlling for confounders, with additional flexible semiparametric models for confirmatory sensitivity analysis. In Illinois, higher 5-year incidence rate of OSCC was significantly associated with low access to dental care by county (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.91, 0.98). Southern/southwestern counties had higher incidence rates of OSCC (15.5%-28.4%) and the lowest rates of dental care access (47.5%-69.2%) compared to northern counties (10.3%-15% and 55.4%-80.6%, respectively). In Chicago, people with more dentist visits had a reduced chance of being diagnosed with OSCC (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99), consistent with state-wide analyses. OSCC incidence rate is closely associated with poor local dental healthcare access in a major state and urban city. Increasing dental access could improve cancer outcomes via improved oral health and earlier detection.

Enhanced laser-induced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy with gold nanoparticles for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma

BackgroundThe incidence, mortality, and recurrence rates of oral cancer are high worldwide. It is a common and aggressive type of tumor. Owing to the challenges associated with early illness diagnosis, squamous cell carcinoma, a kind that is prevalent of oral cancer, has an unacceptably high fatality rate. The management of the condition and the prevention of cancer, on the other hand, depend greatly on early detection. Therefore, alternative methods for the treatment and early diagnosis are essential for oral cancer. The detection of tongue squamous cell carcinoma is aided by coupled surface plasmon resonance, which can occur in gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Compared to the currently utilized imaging contrast chemicals, AuNPs are more biocompatible and capable of targeting specific surface molecules. In the current study, AuNPs were synthesized in one step via citrate reduction and applied to tongue samples of a Caucasian man's Homo sapiens (Squamous cell carcinoma from ATCC cell-lines) in order to improve early detection using and laser-induced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy.ResultsUV–visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential, TEM, and FTIR spectroscopic technique were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized AuNPs measured 13 ± 3 nm with uniform size distribution and high stability. Results demonstrate the significance of AuNPs in improving the identification of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionObtained results revealed that the use of AuNPs modifies the emitted spectra in the two employed spectroscopic techniques and provides more significant receiver operating characteristic curve parameters, hence a higher detection rate of cancer.

Epidemiology of oral cancer in South and South-East Asia: Incidence and mortality.

This study provides an epidemiological description of cancer in the lip, oral cavity, and oropharynx in the South and South-East Asia region. The number of new cases and deaths was extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2020 and the CI5 series. We present age-standardized incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants. To assess temporal trends, we estimated the annual percent change. The incidence rates (ASR) for lip and oral cavity cancer in South and South-East Asia were highest in Taiwan (30.2), Sri Lanka (16.5), India (14.8), and Pakistan (13.2) among males. For oropharyngeal cancer, the highest rates were found in Taiwan (4.7), Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and India (4.3, 2.9, and 2.6, respectively). Incidence rates were consistently higher in males compared to females. Overall, trends in lip and oral cavity cancer incidence were either stable or decreasing in most of the populations evaluated. In India, an increase in rates among males contrasted with a decline among females over the study period. Incidence and mortality rates of oral cavity cancer in South and South-East Asia are among the highest globally. Our results suggest an optimistic trend of reduction in oral cavity rates in the region, despite an increase in rates among Indian males.

Oral cancer: Current status and public health perspectives

Despite advances in surgical and oncological treatments, the incidence and five-year survival rates (~50 percent) of oral cancers (OC) have not improved over the last decades and remain a major public health problem. Seventy percent are still diagnosed at a late stage (T3 or T4), with an average delay in diagnosis of two to five months. As the cure and survival of patients are directly related to the development stage of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the objective of this work was to analyze all the determinants related to oral cancer and to propose new clinical approaches for diagnosis and screening. A proposal for new models of screening, training, and concrete action to improve public awareness of the major global problem of OC is made. The strengths and weaknesses of OC screening studies need to be objectively understood to effectively guide and energize testing in primary care settings, with the prospect of using new and emerging technologies that can help improve the discriminatory accuracy of case detection. Most national organizations have not, to date, recommended population-based mass screening, due to a lack of sufficient scientific evidence of associated mortality reduction. Where health care resources are high, opportunistic individual screening is recommended, although the low diagnostic capacity of front-line clinicians is alarming.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude towards Oral Cancer among Healthy Individuals of Anand district, Gujarat

India has the highest incidence rate of Oral Cancer (OC) in the world and estimated 35% of all cancers in the country. Oral cancer is associated with significant morbidity, and low survival. Tobacco widely used in India and it is a major cause of cancer of the upper digestive and respiratory tract. Charotar (Anand) region, a middle Gujarat zone is well known for production and farming of Tobacco. Good Knowledge and Positive attitude towards disease condition are important for any future disease development, early prevention and detection. This study was undertaken with the aim to assess knowledge and attitude of healthy individuals of Anand region towards OCand also to establish levels of awareness regarding oral cancer. Methodology: Community based survey study was conducted using questionnaire during February 2023 to March 2023. Sociodemographic characteristic, knowledge regarding oral cancer, its risk factors, symptoms and attitude towards oral cancer were evaluated using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Additionally, after receiving response from participants, they all were educated about OC, its risk factors and symptoms, prevention tips and their role as a contributor to society. Results: Total 140 participants were evaluated for Knowledge and attitude for Oral cancer. Majority of them had Poor knowledge, and only participants from Upper class had Good knowledge. On other hand, majority of participants had positive attitude oral cancer. Conclusion: Education level, Occupation and socioeconomic class found as a dependent factors for Knowledge and attitude towards OC. In general the awareness about the oral cancer is poor in participants. Oral Cancer awareness and screening programmes should be actively done among population of Anand district.

Toxic mechanisms of cadmium and exposure as a risk factor for oral and gastrointestinal carcinomas.

Incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal (GI) and oral cancers are among the highest in the world, compared to other cancers. GI cancers include esophageal, gastric, colon, rectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, with colorectal cancer being the most common. Oral cancer, which is included in the head and neck cancers category, is one of the most important causes of death in India. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element affecting humans and the environment, which has both natural and anthropogenic sources. Generally, water, soil, air, and food supplies are reported as some sources of Cd. It accumulates in organs, particularly in the kidneys and liver. Exposure to cadmium is associated with different types of health risks such as kidney dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, reproductive dysfunction, diabetes, cerebral infarction, and neurotoxic effects (Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)). Exposure to Cd is also associated with various cancers, including lung, kidney, liver, stomach, hematopoietic system, gynecologic and breast cancer. In the present study, we have provided and summarized the association of Cd exposure with oral and GI cancers.

A clinicopathological study of oral carcinoma in a tertiary care hospital: Our experience

Background: The prevalence of oral cancer is particularly high among men, the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Incidence rates for oral cancer vary in men from 1 to 10 cases per 100 000 populations in many countries. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can change the natural history of the tumour. The aim of this study is identify and analyze the Clinico-pathological aspects of oral malignancies by a prospective case series study has been chosen. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at Department of General Surgery from December 2015 to November 2017. Patients having malignant neoplasm of lip, cheek, alveolus, tongue, floor of mouth and hard palate were included. Thorough examination of oral cavity was done and site of growth was noted. Results: Squamous cell carcinoma was more common in 50 – 59 years (n=19) and Adenoid cystic carcinoma was also more common in 40 – 49 years (n=2). All the lesion present in age of above 50 years were of squamous cell carcinoma. Among male patients, most common type of lesion was Ulcerative (63.9%) followed by infiltrating (27.8%) but among females, most common type of lesion was ulcerative (78.6%) followed by infiltrating (14.3%) and papillary (7.1%) and this association of gender with type of lesion is found to be statistically not significant. Conclusions: Clinical presentation varied according to the age group, whereas Lymph node status varied significantly according to size and depth of infiltration of lesion.

Assessment of head and neck-imaging reporting and data system using fluro-deoxy-glucose-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan imaging of recurrence of head and neck tumors

BackgroundWorldwide, there are more than 550,000 new instances of head and neck cancer per year, with over 300,000 fatalities. Among the Middle Eastern nations, Egypt had one of the highest overall incidence rates of oral cavity and pharynx cancer (5.5/105). A consistent reporting form for head and neck cancer monitoring provides many crucial functions, including directing patient care with simply explained numerical scores for tumor recurrence suspicion levels. The Neck-Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) assigns a numerical grade, from 0 to 4, where 0 represents incomplete, 1 represents no evidence of local recurrence (primary site) or adenopathy (neck), 2 represents low suspicion, 3 represents high suspicion, and 4 represents definite recurrence. Our aim was to improve the management outcome for patients liable to recurrence of head and neck cancers post-treatment with radio or chemotherapy using Neck-imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) after imaging with Fluro-Deoxy-Glucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scan (FDG-PET/CT Scan).Materials and methodsThe study setting was done at our institution and the type of study was combined prospective and retrospective study for 24 months from June 2020 to June 2022. The study population included 71 scans for 55 patients aged between 18 and 70 years, who had suffered from head and neck cancer and underwent treatment by chemotherapy or radiotherapy to follow up on their cases and determine recurrence or resolution of tumors.ResultsThe results demonstrated the classification of tumor findings according to the degree of malignancy with 16.9% of scans were diagnosed as low pathological grade, 60.6% were diagnosed as intermediate pathological grade and 22.5% were diagnosed as high pathological grade. The initial tumor subsites in our study were as follow: the oral cavity with its different subsites represented the largest group constituting 11 cases (20%) of the total cases, and the larynx and vocal cords came next and constituted 10 cases (18.2%) of the total scans, nasopharynx constituted 9 cases (16.4%) of the cases. According to application of NI-RADS score, cases were classified as 17 cases NI-RADS (1), representing 30.1% of cases, 9 cases NI-RADS (2), representing 16.36% of cases, 18 cases NI-RADS (3), representing 32.7% of cases and 11 cases NI-RADS (4) representing 20% of cases. Percentage of recurrence in NI-RADS (1) was 1/17 representing 5.9%, in NI-RADS (2) was 2/9 representing 22.2%, in NI-RADS (3) was 12/18 representing 66.66%, in NI-RADS (4) was 10/11 representing 90.9% with total recurrence 25/55 cases representing 45.45%.ConclusionsNeck-Imaging Reporting and Data System using FDG PET/CT Scan imaging for assessment of recurrence of head and neck tumors was a choice of relatively high sensitivity and specificity for improvement of significant results and guiding the clinician to the proper management strategy for the patients as well as organizing a strategy for follow-up of cases according to their score of NI-RADS.

Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Associated with Smoking and Chewing Tobacco Use and the Human Development Index in 172 Countries Worldwide: An Ecological Study 2019-2020.

Tobacco use is associated with diseases worldwide, including cancer. This is one of the major public health problems globally, causing more than 19 million new cases in 2020. Lip and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) is neoplastic growth in the tongue, gums, and lips. The objective of this ecological study was to quantify the strength of the association between incidence and mortality of LOCC, with tobacco use and with the Human Development Index (HDI). Incidence and mortality data on LOCC were obtained for 172 countries in 2020, from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). The prevalence of tobacco smoking and chewing was obtained from reports conducted in 2019. The inequality in human development was estimated using the HDI from the United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report (2019). Statistically significant correlations were observed between the incidence of LOCC and tobacco smoking and chewing prevalence, except for negative correlations between the prevalence of tobacco smoking LOCC mortality in women, just as in the case of the HDI. No statistically significant differences were found between the prevalence of tobacco chewing only and the incidence of LOCC overall and by sex. A higher LOCC incidence overall and by sex was associated with higher HDI. In conclusion, the present study found positive correlations for various HDI socioeconomic indicators and tobacco use with the incidence and mortality of LOCC, but also a few inverse correlations.

A Stabilized Kriging Method for Mapping Disease Rates.

Mapping disease rates is an important aspect of epidemiological research because it helps inform public health policy. Disease maps are often drawn according to local administrative areas (LAAs), such as counties, cities, or towns. In LAAs with small populations, disease rates are unstable and are prone to appear extremely high or low. The empirical Bayes methods consider variance differences among different LAAs, thereby stabilizing the disease rates. The methods of kriging break the constraints of geopolitical boundaries and produce a smooth curved surface in the form of contour lines, but the methods lack the stabilizing effect of the empirical Bayes methods. An easy-to-implement stabilized kriging method is proposed to map disease rates, which allows different errors in different LAAs. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the stabilized kriging method had smaller symmetric mean absolute percentage error than three other types of methods (the original LAA-based method, empirical Bayes methods, and traditional kriging methods) in nearly all scenarios considered. Real-world data analysis of oral cancer incidence rates in men from Taiwan demonstrated that the age-standardized rates in the central mountainous sparsely-populated region of Taiwan were stabilized using our proposed method, with no more large differences in numerical values, whereas the rates in other populous regions were not over-smoothed. Additionally, the stabilized kriging map had improved resolution and helped locate several hot and cold spots in the incidence rates of oral cancer. We recommend the use of the stabilized kriging method for mapping disease rates.

Incidence trends of oral cavity, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers among males in Taiwan, 1980–2019: a population-based cancer registry study

In a country with a high prevalence of cigarette smoking, betel chewing, and alcohol drinking, cancers of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, and larynx were the fourth, twelfth and seventeenth leading causes of cancer death, respectively, for men in 2020. We analyzed patients with head and neck cancer from 1980 to 2019 from the Taiwan Cancer Registration Database and discussed the annual average percent change, average percent change, age period, and birth cohort. Obvious period effects and birth effects are seen in oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer; however, the most significant period effect was seen between 1990 and 2009, which mainly reflects the consumption of betel nuts per capita. In addition, the period effect lessens after 2010 in oral cancer and hypopharyngeal cancers, while oropharyngeal cancers remain an obvious period effect, which results from the rising prevalence of HPV. Due to the high prevalence rate of betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking in the 1990s, the government executed several acts. As a result, the age-adjusted incidence rates of oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancers have flattened since 2010, which can be explained by the declining cigarette smoking rate. The strict policy indeed shows an obvious effect on the head and neck cancer incidence rates, and we expect to see a further decline in the future.

A Genome-Wide Association Study Identified Novel Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Oral Cancer in Taiwan.

Taiwan has the highest incidence rate of oral cancer in the world. Although oral cancer is mostly an environmentally induced cancer, genetic factors also play an important role in its etiology. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified nine susceptibility regions for oral cancers in populations of European descent. In this study, we performed the first GWAS of oral cancer in Taiwan with 1529 cases and 44,572 controls. We confirmed two previously reported loci on the 6p21.33 (HLA-B) and 6p21.32 (HLA-DQ gene cluster) loci, highlighting the importance of the human leukocyte antigen and, hence, the immunologic mechanisms in oral carcinogenesis. The TERT-CLMPT1L locus on 5p15.33, the 4q23 ADH1B locus, and the LAMC3 locus on 9q34.12 were also consistent in the Taiwanese. We found two new independent loci on 6p21.32, rs401775 in SKIV2L gene and rs9267798 in TNXB gene. We also found two suggestive novel Taiwanese-specific loci near the TPRS1 gene on 8q23.3 and in the TMED3 gene on 15q25.1. This study identified both common and unique oral cancer susceptibility loci in the Taiwanese as compared to populations of European descent and shed significant light on the etiology of oral cancer in Taiwan.

Nano-diagnostics as an emerging platform for oral cancer detection: Current and emerging trends.

Globally, oral cancer kills an estimated 150,000 individuals per year, with 300,000 new cases being diagnosed annually. The high incidence rate of oral cancer among the South-Asian and American populations is majorly due to overuse of tobacco, alcohol, and poor dental hygiene. Additionally, socio-economic issues and lack of general awareness delay the primary screening of the disease. The availability of early screening techniques for oral cancer can help in carving out a niche for accurate disease prognosis and also its prevention. However, conventional diagnostic approaches and therapeutics are still far from optimal. Thus, enhancing the analytical performance of diagnostic platforms in terms of specificity and precision can help in understanding the disease progression paradigm. Fabrication of efficient nanoprobes that are sensitive, noninvasive, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive can reduce the global cancer burden. Recent advances in optical, electrochemical, and spectroscopy-based nano biosensors that employ noble and superparamagnetic nanoparticles, have been proven to be extremely efficient. Further, these sensitive nanoprobes can also be employed for predicting disease relapse after chemotherapy, when the majority of the biomarker load is eliminated. Herein, we provide the readers with a brief summary of conventional and new-age oral cancer detection techniques. A comprehensive understanding of the inherent challenges associated with conventional oral cancer detection techniques is discussed. We also elaborate on how nanoparticles have shown tremendous promise and effectiveness in radically transforming the approach toward oral cancer detection. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing.

EE88 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Risk Scoring Model in Population-Based Oral Cancer Screening Program of Taiwan

Age-standardized incidence rate of oral cancer (OC) in Taiwanese males remains high globally. Although free population-based oral mucosa examination (OME) is provided in Taiwan, late diagnoses and low survival rates of OC are still critical public health concerns. This study aimed to estimate the potential lifetime cost-effectiveness of the risk scoring model (RSM), a novel prediction strategy additional with OME simultaneously or consequently, in the OC screening program of Taiwan.

Abstract LB160: Oral cancer incidence among smokers and smokeless tobacco users compared to nonusers of tobacco products - contemporary analysis of cancer registry data

Abstract Tobacco use has been identified as a risk factor for oral cancer (oral cavity and pharynx). However, the differential oral cancer risk among users of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (ST) products has not been well studied. In this study, we estimate oral cancer incidence among adult males who were current smokers that had never used ST products (SM), ST users who had never smoked (STU), and nonusers of cigarettes or ST products (NON) using data from state-wide cancer registries and national surveys. Oral cancer incidence rates were estimated using Colorado, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas cancer registries from the years 2014 through 2017 (the most recent 4 years of available data). State-specific population counts by tobacco use status were estimated from the Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Missing values in tobacco use status in cancer registry data were imputed either by assuming missing at random (MR) or using multiple imputation (MI). Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) by state and age group. A random-effect meta-analysis approach was used to summarize estimates by state and age groups while considering potential heterogeneity using the Mantel-Haenszel model. Cases of oral cancer among adult males 35 years and older with tobacco use data numbered 19,536 in the geographies studied over the covered period. Assuming MR, the pooled oral cancer IRR relative to NON were 1.0 (95% CI = 0.7 to 1.3) for STU and 3.4 (95% CI = 3.0 to 3.9) for SM, resulting in an IRR of 3.5 (95% CI = 2.5 to 4.9) for SM relative to STU. The corresponding MI-based estimates relative to NON were 1.4 (95% CI = 1.1 to 1.9) for STU and 3.6 (95% CI = 3.2 to 4.1) for SM, resulting in an IRR of 2.6 (95% CI = 2.0 to 3.3) comparing SM relative to STU. These estimates should be considered in the context of certain limitations, such as the estimates were not adjusted for other potential confounding variables (e.g., alcohol intake and other lifestyle factors, duration of tobacco use, and other tobacco product use) due to the lack of such information in data sources. Our population estimates based on state cancer registry data demonstrate that current ST users had a substantially lower oral cancer risk than current smokers. While causal relationships cannot be concluded, the large sample size in this contemporary analysis suggests that oral cancer risks among smokers may be reduced by switching to ST products; however, quitting all tobacco use is the optimal path for reducing oral cancer risks. Citation Format: Brendan Noggle, Hui Cheng, Mohamadi Sarkar. Oral cancer incidence among smokers and smokeless tobacco users compared to nonusers of tobacco products - contemporary analysis of cancer registry data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB160.

Forecast of peak attainment and imminent decline after 2017 of oral cancer incidence in men in Taiwan

Oral cancer is the fourth most common cancer among men in Taiwan. The age-standardized incidence rate of oral cancer among men in Taiwan has increased since 1980 and became six times greater in 2014. To enable effective public health planning for oral cancer, research on the projection of oral cancer burden is essential. We conducted an age-period-cohort analysis on the incidence of oral cancer among men in Taiwan from 1997 to 2017 and extrapolated the trend to 2025. We found that the period trends for young adults aged between 25 and 44 have already peaked before 2017; the younger, the earlier, and then the trends declined. The cohort trends have peaked roughly at the 1972 birth cohort and then declined for all ages. Despite the increasing trend in the age-standardized incidence rate for oral cancer among men in Taiwan from 1997 to 2017, we forecast a peak attained, an imminent decline after 2017, and a decrease of 8.4% in age-standardized incidence rate from 2017 to 2025. The findings of this study contribute to developing efficient and comprehensive strategies for oral cancer prevention and control.

BIOMARKERS IN ORAL CANCER-A REVIEW

The incidence and mortality rate of oral cancer have increased throught out the world. Early detection through different investigatory methods and newer screening approaches are very important to reduce the mortality of this disease. Sensitive and specic Biomarkers for oral cancer are not only used for effective screening but also the use extends in diagnosing, and even for staging. . Advancement in technology in genomics, proteomics and molecular pathology have increased the clinical value of biomarkers. Clinical signicance of biomarkers can be used to combat oral cancer. Hence, we have reviewed the importance of biomarkers for oral cancer.

Incidence and mortality rates of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers in Brazil: time-trend and age-period-cohort analysis from the last 30 years, Global Burden of Disease Study.

INTRODUCTION: Cancers are the second main cause of morbidity worldwide, but robust information on lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers in Brazil is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the trends of incidence and mortality caused by lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers and age-period-cohort effects in the Brazilian population of 30 years of age and over, in the period of 1990 to 2019.METHODS: A time series study of the incidence and mortality rates for oral cavity and pharynx cancer (“Lip and oral cavity cancer”, “Nasopharynx cancer”, and “Other pharynx cancer”) was conducted, with corrected data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants, for the global population, were gathered according to the individuals’ sex. The annual average percentage change (AAPC) was estimated, as was the age-period-cohort effects. RESULTS: The incidence and mortality rates were higher for men in the studied anatomical regions. The cancers tended to decrease for men, except for nasopharynx cancer, which increased in individuals of both sexes. Mortality tended to present a decline in most of the groups studied. For men and women, the age-period-cohort model presented a better adjustment for both incidence and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence and mortality caused by the main head and neck cancers showed a tendency to decline over the past 30 years in Brazil, except for nasopharynx cancer, which showed an increase in incidence and mortality in some segments of the population. Higher rates were found for lip and oral cavity cancers in men.

Abstract PO-089: Racial/ethnic disparities in oral cancer screening between low-income Asian Americans aged 18-50 and their White counterparts

Abstract Background. Asian Americans (AAs) aged 18-50 have higher incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer. However, scant attention has been focusing on oral cancer disparities among this population. Although oral cancer screening is not recommended for asymptomatic adults, it's effective in oral cancer early detection among high-risk populations. The study aimed at assessing the racial/ethnic disparities in oral cancer screening experienced by Asian Americans aged 18-50 living federal poverty level, comparing with their White counterparts. Method. The sample consists of 1540 low-income adults (478 AAs and 1062 Whites) aged 18-50 from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) combined datasets. Weighting was applied since NHANES oversampled Asian Americans. We conducted bivariate analysis such as t-test and chi-square test to examine the association between demographic and behavioral factors =and oral cancer screening among high-risk populations. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify the risk factors of oral cancer screening disparities. All data analyses were conducted in Stata 16. A p value smaller than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, while a p value between 0.05-0.1 was taken as marginally significant criteria. Results. AAs are predominately foreign-born (79.13%), about half of them only spoke their native languages at home (47.69%), and 27.31% of them did not have health insurance. Overall, AAs had significantly lower oral cancer screening rate than Whites (7.33% vs. 16.69%, p=0.006). Specifically, within those who were not covered with health insurance, AAs were less likely to receive oral cancer screening than Whites (3.5% vs.13.73%, p=0.060); among those who did not receive any HPV vaccine shots, Asians had lower oral cancer screening rate than Whites (7.64% vs.14.72%, p=0.058); among those who were not self-motivated to visit their dentists, Asians reported extremely low oral cancer screening rate (2.24%), which was significantly (p=0.016) lower than that of Whites (10.27%). Although Asians had higher self-motivation to do dental visit than Whites (62.96% vs. 52.72%, p=0.009), among self-motivated patients, AAs were less likely to be told the importance of checking for oral cancer by their dentists (12.94% vs. 23.54%, p=0.063), compared with Whites. Logistic regressions also showed that the negative impacts of less-frequent dental visits on oral cancer screening was stronger among AAs (OR=0.45, p=0.042) than in Whites (OR=0.75, p=0.005), controlling for other variables. Conclusion. AAs experience oral cancer screening disparities among multiple high-risk/vulnerable populations. There is an urgent need of educational intervention to promote oral cancer screening for AAs, especially among high-risk subpopulations, and to improve dentists' awareness of AAs' oral cancer screening needs. Citation Format: Wenyue Lu, Lin Zhu, Bohui Wang, Di Zhu, Ming-chin Yeh, Grace X. Ma. Racial/ethnic disparities in oral cancer screening between low-income Asian Americans aged 18-50 and their White counterparts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-089.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR ORAL CANCER CLASSIFICATION BY SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

Oral cancer is caused by the mutation of the cells in the lips or in the mouth. The incidence rate and prevalence rate of oral cancer are increasing worldwide. Recently, the Machine Learning (ML) approaches play a vital role in medical image diagnosis. They provide accurate and rapid evaluation of the analysis of histopathological images using supervised learning. In this study, three different modules are developed namely preprocessing, feature extraction and classification module. Initially, the raw histopathological image is given to the median filter for the removal of background noise in the preprocessing module. In the next module, the temporal features such as energy, entropy etc., are extracted from the color components of the filtered images. Finally, the classification is done by employing the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) to classify histopathological images as normal or abnormal. Results show that the SVM classifier is better than KNN for the classification of oral cancer. The classification accuracy on 1224 histopathological images has been improved to 98% by using SVM classifier as compared with the KNN results of 83%.