Incidence Rate Of Leishmaniasis Research Articles

Demographic Incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Patients of Wasit Province, Iraq

Background: Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which remains uncontrolled and neglected transmissible disease in many countries including Iraq. Aim: Estimating the incidence rate and association of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to different demographic risk factors including season, geographic area, gender, age, and distribution of lesions on different body’s regions. Materials and methods: Totally, 224 individuals who diagnosed as patients with CL were attended to the governmental hospitals in Wasit province (Iraq) during the year of 2023, and subjected for this questionnaire to collect the required data. Results: The findings of demographic risk factors were showed a significant variation (P<0.05) in their values. Concerning season, significant highest levels of CL (P<0.0357) was recorded in February 29.91% and January 24.11%, while the lowest values were seen in December (0%), September (1.97%), June (2.23%), April (3.13%), August (3.57%), July (4.02%), October (4.91%), and November (6.25%) in comparison to March (14.73%). Significantly (P<0.0185), the higher rate for incidence of leishmaniasis was seen in AlAziziyah (46.43%); whereas, the lower rates were observed in An Numaniyah (2.68%), Al-Hai (5.8%) and Al-Suwaira (759%) in comparison with Kut (37.5%) district. For gender of study patients, males were showed a significant increase (P<0.0442) in incidence rate of leishmaniasis (58.93%) when compared to females (41.07%). Regarding age, significant increases (P<0.0422) in incidence rate of leishmaniasis was reported in patients aged ≤ 20 years (57.14%) and lowest in patients aged ≥ 40 years (31.25%); while in patients of 21-39 years old, it was 11.61%. Distribution of lesions on the body of study patients showed that the incidence of disease was increased significantly (P<0.0278) in legs and abdomen (38.39%) and arms (32.59%); and reduced significantly in all the body (0.45%), back (0.45%), chest (0.89% (2/224)), abdomen (1.34%), and neck (3.13%) when compared to face (22.77%). According to type of lesion, the dry lesions (97.32%) were increased significantly (P<0.0122) when compared to wet lesions (2.68%). Conclusion: This might represent the first recent retrospective study for analysis of documented cases of CL in Wasit province (Iraq). This study concludes that the CL disease is sex, age, seasonal and geographical dependent and it is with continuously increasing in Iraq. To further contain CL incidence and morbidity, there is a need for more intensified preventive research programs into improved vector control, vaccines, and diagnostics.

Epidemiology of Leishmaniasis in Lattakia City among last Ten Years (2006-2016)

Background: Leishmaniasis is a major health problem in developing countries. Aim: Studying the effect of Syrian War on the epidemiology and control of Leishmaniasis cases in Lattakia city. Methods and materials: It was retro-spective study of the new reported cases of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Lattakia during a peroid of 10 years (2006-2016). Methods of diagnosis were Giemsa stained microscopy for CL and VL cases. All patients treated with pentavalent antimonial compounds. Results: At the beginning of Syrian War (2012-2016) we reported 2999 new cases of CL and 81 new cases of VL in Lattakia. Conclusion: Syrian War has increased the incidence rate of Leishmaniasis in Lattakia.