Incidence Of Unwanted Pregnancy Research Articles

Sexual Risk Behavior and its Impact on Unwanted Pregnancy Among Adolescents

Sexual activity among adolescents is increasingly alarming; the results of a national survey identified about 4.5% of teenage boys and 0.7% of teenage girls have had sexual intercourse that triggers unwanted pregnancies. This study analyzed the influence of risky sexual behavior factors in adolescents on the incidence of unwanted pregnancy. This research is a secondary data analysis sourced from Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data in 2017 using a cross-sectional design. The study sampled 15-24-year-olds who had sexual intercourse with as many as 1532 people. Data were analyzed univariately while bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression test of the risk factor model. The results showed unwanted pregnancy occurred in 8.6% of adolescents who had a history of having sexual intercourse. In addition, it will be 4.5 times greater risk of unwanted pregnancy occurred in adolescents who performed risky behaviors such as fingering and stimulating each other after being controlled by variable confounding age and age when first having sex (PR = 4.570). Therefore, equal access to reproductive health education is needed both in educational institutions and in the community as an effort to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

Association of Access to Family Planning Information and Unwanted Pregnancy

Unwanted Pregnancy (UP) is a condition in which a partner or the opposite sex does not want a pregnancy or birth between partners. The incidence of Unwanted Pregnancy in Indonesia is still high (17.5%). Unwanted Pregnancy has an impact on the health of the mother, infant, and family problems. The study aimed to determine the relationship between access to information about family planning and Unwanted Pregnancy in Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design using Program Performance and Accountability Survey 2019 secondary data. The independent variable is access to information about family planning with the dependent variable being Unwanted Pregnancy. Confounding variables are predisposing factors (age, education, occupation, parity, and marital status), enabling factors (area of ​​residence, socioeconomic status, family planning needs), and reinforcing factors (support from health workers). The sample of this study were women of childbearing age 15-49 years who were recorded as pregnant. Multivariate analysis using multivariate logistic regression. Results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between access to family planning information and UP in Indonesia, after controlling for confounding variables (p-value 0.001) (OR=1.964;95%CI:1.334-2.893). Health promotion efforts are needed through communication, information, and health education regarding the importance of access to information about family planning and UP so that it can influence the behavior of women of childbearing age in Indonesia.

Determinants of Unplanned Pregnancy in Married Women in North Sumatra Province

Unplanned pregnancy remains a public health problem as it negatively affects fetal development and adversely impacts the mother and child’s health. In the efforts to reduce maternal dan infant mortality, as well as improve maternal health, unplanned pregnancy occurs due to several factors such as age, knowledge, contraceptive failures, and finances. The study aimed to determine the factors associated with the incidence of unwanted pregnancy. This study implemented a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2019 Program Performance and Accountability Survey of North Sumatra Province. The bivariate analysis was performed through a simple logistic regression. Multiple logistic regression was performed in multivariate analysis. The result showed that there were 21.3% of women reported their last pregnancy as an unplanned pregnancy. The study concluded that factors associated with an unplanned pregnancy are age at the last pregnancy, wealth at a lower index, having two or more children, and not working. Having two or more children is the most dominant factor in an unplanned pregnancy.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF DETERMINANTS OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN UNMET NEED AGAINST UNWANTED PREGNANCY IN THE PROVINCE OF WEST NUSA TENGGARA INDONESIA

The birth rate in Indonesia is still high at 2.45 in 2019 because couples of childbearing age do not take advantage of the family planning program (unmet need) which reaches 12.4%. West Nusa Tenggara province ranks second with the highest incidence of unmet needs, 17.4%, due to unwanted pregnancy. This study aims to investigate the determinants of factors that influence women of childbearing age in determining the use of contraceptive methods in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The present research design with a cross-sectional approach uses secondary data from the Family Planning and Family Development Program Accountability Performance Survey (SKAP 2019) in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Bivariate analysis employed chi-square test and multivariate with logistic regression. Determinant factors that affect women of childbearing age in using contraceptives are Unmet Need of women of childbearing age (<0.01), age (<0.01), number of living children (<0.01), occupation (0.001), previous family planning experience (<0.01) decision making (<0.01), information media support (0.01), knowledge (0.01), contraceptive methods (<0.01), family planning field staff support (0.001), and health worker support (0.04). The dominant factors influencing women of childbearing age against unwanted pregnancies are the number of living children (p=<0.01, OR=61.091), age (p=<0.01, OR=2.166), and contraceptive method (p=0.04, OR=1.576). The most influential dominant factor in determining the unmet need of women of childbearing age on the incidence of unwanted pregnancy in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, is the number of living children.

Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Budaya Dan Dukungan Suami Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Alat Kontrasepsi

Introduction: Family planning programs have a major impact on population growth, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Strengthening the use of contraceptives aims to reduce dropouts and prevent the increase in the incidence of unwanted pregnancies and the possibility of a "baby boom". The reluctance to use contraception according to the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey is mostly due to fear of side effects, methods that are not suitable for them, and also because they do not get the husband's approval. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge, culture, and husband's support on the decision-making of the choice of contraceptive method. Methods: Quantitative research methods collect data by distributing research questionnaires, sampling technique using simple random sampling, data analysis using multivariate follow-up analysis using logistic regression, and simultaneous testing. Results: From the test results there is a significant effect between the knowledge variable with a p-value of 0,033. Culture p-value 0,014 and husband's support p-value 0,033 because the p-value is less than 0,05. Simultaneously there is an influence between the variables of knowledge, culture, and husband's support on decision making. With a calculated F value of 2,863, it is greater than F table 2,70 and a sig value of 0,041 is less than 0,05. Discussion: The influence of these three variables on contraceptive decision making because good knowledge, a supportive culture, and full support from the husband will make the acceptor or respondent feel comfortable using contraception and make the right decision in choosing the contraceptive used.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SEXUAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR ADOLESCENTS IN INDONESIA: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Premarital sexual behavior adolescents in Indonesian continues to increase from year to year. If not addressed will have an impact on various aspects of physical, psychosocial and economic. This effect is seen in the incidence of unwanted pregnancy, abortion, dropping out of school and being infected with an STI. Various studies have shown that one of the efforts to overcome it by increasing adolescent knowledge about reproductive health. This study aims to examine the implementation of sexual education programs in adolescents to find the best methods that can be integrated into the Indonesian government program.The research method is literature review by analyzing 16 selected literature obtained from Google Scholar, J.Stor.org, Springerlink and Proquest. Criteria for articles chosen is relevant to the title, taken from 2014-2020.The literature review results found that the cause of the unsuccessful sexual education program for adolescents in Indonesia is related to the factors of cost, human resources, commitment, organizational structure and administration. Also in Indonesia sexual education is still part of the extra-curricular although WHO has recommended a comprehensive sexual education program (CSE) by involving all related components namely parents, schools, communities, government and adolescents themselves and integrated in the core curriculum. The CSE program needs to be strengthened by integrating cultural and religious norms and values, friendly education methods and other aspects.The recommendation of this research is to provide a sexual education curriculum and be included in the core curriculum of the school. In addition, it is necessary to create a framework for sexual education in adolescents starting from the family, school, community level and policy makers. For the success of the program so that the material and methods of sexual education are adjusted to the characteristics of adolescents, cultural factors, religion, norms and values ​​in the community.

The Effect of Unintended Pregnancy Among Married Women on the Length of Breastfeeding in Indonesia

The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia in 2017 is 35%, far below the recommendations of WHO (World Health Organization) of 50%. This rate is getting lower in unwanted pregnancies. Every year there is13.3% incidence of unwanted pregnancy in women aged 15-44 years. It has an impact on the mental, psychological condition of the mother in the process of child care and nutrition from birth. This study aims to determine the prevalence and relationship of unwanted pregnancy among married women on the duration of breastfeeding in Indonesia. This research wa a quantitative study using cross -sectional study design, a sample of 5,163 married women, and aged 15-49 years. Data were analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics on complex sample analysis, bivariate analysis using Chi-Square, and multivariate using logistic regression tests of risk factor models. This study showed that 1,267 mothers who breastfed <6 months and there was a relationship between the unwanted pregnancy with the duration of breastfeeding (p-value: 0.007 with PR: 1.349; 95% CI: 1.085-1.676) after been controlled by the use of contraception. The support of husband and health workers during pregnancy, childbirth until child care is needed to support breastfeeding

Media Influence on Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use Amongst Students of University of Jos, Jos Plateau State Nigeria

Introduction: The Youth are active consumers of media content where issues pertaining to sexual activity and contraceptives could be seen. Information derivable from the media can reduce the burden of reproductive health. Therefore, examining the influence of media on sexual behaviour and contraceptive use of students may assist policy makers to strategize on providing solutions to these problems. Objective: The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of media on sexual activity and contraceptive use among students at the University of Jos, Plateau State. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study where 278 students of general studies were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Individuals were subsequently chosen at random until a statistically determined sample size was achieved. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) software was utilized for data analysis. Results: The mean age of respondents was 22.3 years Students that were ≤ 20yrs constituted the largest group of respondents (49.6%). Most of the students (77%) agreed that media influences sexual behaviour with the Internet/social media (39.3%) having the most influence. Most of the respondents (87.4%) had heard of contraceptives from the media, most from the Internet/social media (42.4%) while the male condom (46.5%) was the most known type of contraceptive. Most of the respondents (77.7%) felt that contraceptive information in the media encouraged engagement in safe sex. There was a significant statistical association between information from media and influence on sexual activity and also influence on use of contraceptives. There was also significant statistical association between information on contraceptives from media and engagement in safe sexual activity. Significant number of the students (42.6%) agreed while 40.0% disagreed that the media should be a platform for sex education to students. Most of the students (87.4%) agreed that contraceptives information in media can lead to reduced incidence of unwanted pregnancies among students. Most of the students (86.7%) agreed that contraceptives information in media can lead to reduced incidence of STIs and HIV/AIDS among students. Conclusion: Media content is seen among the top sexual educators amongst students. Mass media plays an important role in improving contraceptive use among students. This finding provides a window of opportunity for improving contraceptive utilization in the country through an improved and sustained use of the mass media to disseminate family planning information.

A 3-year review of the pattern of contraceptive use among women attending the family planning clinic of a University Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Contraceptives are methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy. In Nigeria, the contraceptive prevalence was reported at 15% in 2013. Aims: This study aimed to determine the pattern of contraceptive use and sociodemographic characteristics of the users of family planning services in a teaching hospital in Lagos. Subjects and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study of women who sought contraceptive services at the family planning clinic over a 3-year period. Relevant information was extracted from the case records of these women. Data were analyzed using Epi Info statistical package for Windows. Results: A total of 594 women opted to use a form of contraception in the study, within an age range of 15–52 years and with mean age of 34.3 ± 4.2 years. Fifty-four percent (54%) of the women users belonged to the Yoruba tribe and 89.4% were of the Christian faith. Married women accounted for 97.6% of the users, with the majority (68.9%) having parity of 2–4. Majority (77.6%) of the women had at least a tertiary level of education, with 46.1% of them involved in a form of skilled occupation. Nurses were the commonest source of referrals (42.9%). A larger proportion of the women (46.3%) preferred Jadelle implant while the least used method is Norplant (0.5%). Conclusion: Equipping medical personnel with the information and skills needed to meet the increasing demand for family planning services is necessary to avert the needless increase in the incidence of unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and their sequelae.

Prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and its related factors in women Mashhad city in 2013

Background & Objectives: An approximately one third of pregnancies are unwanted, and half of them will lead to abortion. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of unwanted pregnancies and its related factors in women at Mashhad city. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 100 mothers who referred to health centers of Mashhad, and they were selected with cluster randomization . Data was collected by valid and reliable questionnaire.Results were analyzed in spss11/5. Results: The prevalence of unwanted pregnancy was estimated to be 29/5 percent and 28.3 of this women with unwanted prognancy had a tendency to abortion. The cause of unplanned pregnancy at 48/4% was Sufficient number of children and 29% was inappropriate. There was a significant relationship between unwanted pregnancy whit educational level of the couples, so that the incidence of unwanted pregnancy in women and their husbans who had university education was higher than at other women (P <0.05). There was a significant relationship between unwanted pregnancy whit occupation’s mother, age and number of children,so that prevalence of unwanted pregnancy in working mothers with higher than 35 years and had 3 or more children was higher than the other women(P <0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of unwanted pregnancies was one-third of all pregnancies. These results showed that extending of the education programs about contraceptive methods and disadvantages of unwanted pregnancy especially for working women with higher education level and older age is necessary

Knowledge and Awareness about Contraception among Married Females under Age Group 20 to 35 Years in Rural Area of Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha

ABSTRACT Objectives The aims of the study are: 1. To bridge the gap of knowledge regarding contraception. 2. To enhance the awareness regarding contraception for spacing for a better outcome. 3. To reduce contraceptive related problems, incidence of unwanted pregnancy and pregnancy-related risk in future. 4. To assess the acceptance of different modes of contraception. 5. To find out the success of contraceptive practice which lies in the acceptance of a regular contraceptives to prevent future pregnancies. Materials and methods It is a qualitative and quantitative descriptive method to assess married females about knowledge of contraception and other areas of reproductive health. Questionnaire will be used to assess the knowledge of 300 married females ranging in age from 20 to 35 years in rural area Sawangi (Meghe) in Wardha district. Results Most of the respondents used MTP and sterilization (48%), followed by barrier (23%), IUCD (17%), oral contraception (10%). Their spouses were engaged in skilled as well as unskilled work. Respondents were being married for less than 5 years (37%), 36% had a married life span of 5 to 10 years. Literacy rate of contraceptive users were not that much high, 31% had primary schooling followed by 25% had secondary schooling. Majority of them (60%) were in age group 26 to 30 years, followed by 25% in age group 31 to 35 years. Conclusion This study was done to evaluate the awareness and the use of different mode of contraception in age group 20 to 35 years. This study is mainly focuses on rural hospital to avoid unseen complications of unwanted termination of pregnancy. The awareness of women regarding the various contraceptive methods was high for MTP and sterilization (48%), followed by barrier method (23%). The commonest reason quoted by the women for not using a contraceptive method was the unwillingness of husband. Along with the women, their spouses should be counseled and educated so that awareness spreads to a greater extent. How to cite this article Sinha A, Malhotra N, Inamdar SA. Knowledge and Awareness about Contraception among Married Females under Age Group 20 to 35 Years in Rural Area of Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(1):43-46.

Instruction and follow-up of contraceptive methods after abortion

Objective To explore the establishment of a pattern of instruction and follow-up of contraception to correct contraceptive use, especially short-acting contraceptives, reducing the incidence of unwanted pregnancy. Methods 102 women who required abortion and contraception for 2 years at our clinic were included in this study. The preoperative preparation included consulting services, reproductive health education, instruction and seletion of contraceptive use, and close follow-up. Results 16 women received immediate placement of IUD after abortion; one used comdoms and 86 used short-acting contraception six months after IUD removal. 6 women received IUD placement within 6 months. No unwanted pregnancy occurred in all the women except follow-up was lost in one women. Conclusions The post-abortion clients lies the timing, informed choice of contraceptive methods, timely implementation of long- or short-acting contraceptive methods, and regular family planning service networks, and close follow-up. Thereby the awareness of contra- ceptive methods is increased to improve the contraceptive efficiency and reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancy. Key words: Post-abortion clients; Contraception; Instruction of contraception; Follow-up

Sexuality, Contraception And Unintended Pregnancy Among Female Student Nurses In Calabar, Nigeria

Background – There has been increased concern on human sexuality, especially with respect to contraception and the control of sexually transmissible infections. There is need to identify the sociodemographic characteristics that influence sexual behaviour and contraceptive use among young women. Methods – A descriptive cross sectional study that focused on the socio-demographic characteristics, sexuality, knowledge and use of modern contraceptive technology as well as interventions taken in the event of inadvertent pregnancy was conducted. A structured, close- ended questionnaire was randomly administered to 195 female nursing students with 60, 65 and 70 of them in their first, second and third year respectively. Results – Majority (76.7%) of the students were in the age bracket of 20 – 24years. While 65.6% of them were sexually active, only 54.9% had knowledge of family planning. Condom was the commonest contraceptive used (37.4%) and the main reasons were that of effectiveness (31.8%) and safety (30.3%). There was a significant relationship between respondents with multiple sexual partners and incidence of unwanted pregnancies (p=0.003). The majority (51.2%) of those with unwanted pregnancies resorted to induced abortion. Conclusion – In view of the high prevalence of induced abortion among the respondents, current nursing training programmes need to be reviewed to meet the peculiar reproductive health needs of female student nurses. Key words – Sexuality, Contraception, unintended pregnancy, school of nursing.

Perceptions of contraception, non-protection and induced abortion among a sample of urban Swedish teenage girls: Focus group discussions

Objectives To explore the attitudes of teenage girls towards contraception and induced abortion in order to better understand underlying reasons for non-protection.Methods Four focus group discussions with urban teenage girls aged 15–18 years (n = 16).Results Attitudes towards abortion were generally positive despite some degree of misinformation and lack of knowledge about the subject. Knowledge about methods of birth control was accurate. The use of alcohol was often cited as a factor contributing to risk-taking behaviour. Sexual abuse was mentioned as a common phenomenon, and all participants knew someone who had been sexually abused. Participants agreed that sexual partners were reluctant to use condoms and that it was difficult to negotiate with them about this use. The increased rate of abortion was felt to be mainly due to initiation of sexual activity at a younger age. A need for easily available and inexpensive contraception was expressed along with improvement in the quality of sexual education in school.Conclusion Qualitative sexual education with single-sex sessions and gender related messages as a recurrent activity in the school curricula may help to empower young women and promote avoidance of risk-taking during sexual activity thus helping to reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancies. In addition, access to cheap condoms could provide a stimulus to increased use of condoms.

Educación sexual de niños y adolescentes

There is a remarkable ignorance about sexuality among Chilean teenagers, as underscored by the paper by Fernández et al, published in this issue. The authors analyze the biological, psychological and social consequences of the lack of parental and school sexual education. Among them, there is an increasing incidence of unwanted pregnancies, abortions and sexually transmitted diseases in teenagers. Child abuse, neglect, battering, mortality and maternal deprivation are more frequent among the offspring of teenage parents. School desertion caused by unwanted pregnancies will seriously jeopardize the education and training of these teenagers, perpetuating the cycle of poverty.

Abortion in Vietnam: Measurements, Puzzles, and Concerns

This report summarizes current knowledge about abortion in Vietnam, drawing upon government statistics, survey data, and fieldwork undertaken by the author in Vietnam throughout 1993 and part of 1994. The official total abortion rate in Vietnam in 1992 was about 2.5 per woman, the highest in Asia and worrisome for a country with a still-high total fertility rate of 3.7 children per woman. Vietnamese provinces exhibited substantial variation in both the rate of abortion and the type of procedures performed. Among the hypotheses explored to explain Vietnam's high rate of abortion are the borrowing of family planning strategies from other poor socialist states where abortion is common; current antinatal population policies that interact with a lack of contraceptive alternatives; and a rise in pregnancies among young and unmarried women in the wake of recent free-market reforms. Because family-size preferences are still declining, abortion rates may continue to increase unless the incidence of unwanted pregnancy can be reduced, a goal that Vietnamese population specialists are seeking to achieve.

Determinants of Pregnancy Wantedness: Profiling the Population from an Interventionist Perspective

Although the incidence of unwanted pregnancies has declined since the early 1970s (Pratt and Horn, 1985; Anderson, 1981; Westoff, 1981), large proportions of women continue to experience unwanted pregnancies (Forrest, 1987; Pratt, 1985). Of particular concern to researchers is the well‐being of mothers and children from pregnancies that are unwanted or unplanned. In 1982, among women who were ever married, 10 percent of all births were unwanted, and 28 percent mistimed. Among never‐married women, fully 25 percent of all births were unwanted, and about half the remaining births were mistimed (Pratt and Horn, 1985). The focus of this research is the exploration of determinants of wantedness among women whose first pregnancies result in live births. Our analyses reflect interest in whether and how pregnancy wantedness is affected by family background characteristics, early formed attitudes, value systems, and socioeconomic aspirations, as well as maternal socio‐demographic status at the time of the pregnancy. Policy implications emerge from the findings, particularly concerning differences and similarities in the process determining unwanted first births for blacks and whites.

Post coital contraception

The use of hormones for emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse has been licensed in the United Kingdom since 1984. The standard regimen consists of a combination of ethinyl oestradiol and dl-norgestrel used within 72 h of intercourse. Although it is difficult to assess the true efficacy, reported failure rates are low. Side-effects, particularly nausea and vomiting, occur quite commonly. The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is an effective post coital agent which can be used beyond 72 h but its insertion is an invasive procedure. Other compounds including oestrogens; levonorgestrel, danazol, and the antiprogesterone RU486 have all been tried. RU486 has been shown to be highly effective with no known pregnancies occurring in 588 women. Most post coital agents work by interfering with implantation. A better understanding of the processes involved in implantation may lead to the development of new techniques. Despite low failure rates, emergency contraception is still not widely used. Many women are unaware of its existence and those who have heard of it have little knowledge of its practicalities. Widespread effort is necessary to educate women better about a method of contraception which if widely used could have a significant impact on the incidence of unwanted pregnancies.

Factors associated with maternal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

A housing probability survey in which 9315 women were interviewed was conducted in 1983 to detect the incidence and aetiology of maternal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Maternal mortality for the two-year period from 11 September 1981 was 350/100,000 livebirths (excluding abortions). A logistic regression analysis selected antenatal care, occupation and income as risk factors for maternal mortality, after adjusting for age, parity, education and marital status. Odds ratios were 2.5 for unbooked women compared to those receiving antenatal care, about 3 for students, and maids/janitresses compared to housewives, and between 3 and 5 for those earning less than US$25 monthly, compared to those earning US$150 or more.

The incidence of unwanted pregnancy in Australia.

A great number of unwanted pregnancies occurs annually in Australia, but more sociological data are needed to explore this current problem. If one defines unwanted pregnancy as one which was unwanted by either partner weeks before the conception, it can be estimated that approximately two in three pregnancies are unplanned and one in two is unwanted.