Incidence Of Type Research Articles

Characteristics and Risk Factors for Delirium in The Surgical Step-Down Unit

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the incidence rate, types and risk factors for delirium in patients admitted to the surgical Step-Down Unit (SDU).Methods: This study was a retrospective study of the electronic medical records of patients admitted to a surgical SDU from February 2020 to July 2020. The delirium assessment was conducted using the short Confusion Assessment Method (a tool that allows quick and easy screening of delirium) and the incidence and risk factors for delirium were determined.Results: Among a total of 227 patients in the study, the incidence rate of delirium was 35 cases (16.7%). It predominantly occurred on the first day (<i>n</i> = 16, 45.7%) and the second day of admission (<i>n</i> = 15, 42.8%). The peak occurrence of delirium was between 14:00 and 22:00 (<i>n</i> = 30, 85.7%). The most common type of delirium was hypoactive (<i>n</i> = 19, 54.3%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors influencing the occurrence of delirium in the surgical step down unit (SDU) were age, hypertension, stroke, white blood cell count, and the use of restraints.Conclusion: Considering the characteristics of high-risk groups for delirium in the surgical SDU, it is necessary to establish nursing practice guidelines to minimize delirium.

정신건강의학과 환자안전사고 분석(2017-2021)

The study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence and risk levels of patient safety incidents in the mental health department of domestic medical institutions, aiming to provide essential data for formulating strategies to prevent such incidents in the future.
 The data for this study were collected nationwide from medical institutions accredited by the Korean Institute for Healthcare Accreditation, with a focus on patient safety statistics. A total of 521 cases from comprehensive and tertiary hospitals with more than 200 beds, classified under the department of mental health and psychiatry, were analyzed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 27.0 software, encompassing descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation analysis, and binary logistic regression.
 The results showed that the number of patient safety incidents increased slightly in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2017. However, the level of harm caused by these incidents indicated a trend of increasing near misses and decreasing adverse events from 2017 to 2021. Comprehensive hospitals had a significantly higher proportion of adverse events in patient safety incidents compared to tertiary hospitals. The results of binary logistic regression analysis revealed that comprehensive hospitals had a 2.459 times higher risk of adverse events compared to tertiary hospitals. When comparing incident types, the risk of adverse events for falls was 10.677 times higher, and for suicide and self-harm events, it was 66.103 times higher compared to medication errors. Regarding age groups, the risk of adverse events for the 20-39 age group was 3.335 times higher compared to the 0-19 age group. For the 40-59 age group, the risk was 4.911 times higher for the 60-79 age group, it was 5.340 times higher, and for the 80 years and above age group, it was 4.027 times higher . The goodness of fit test for the final model indicated a good fit, and the model's explanatory power was 30.2%.
 Based on the study results, there is a need for a systematic analysis of nursing staff levels in comprehensive hospitals and their relationship with patient safety incidents and it is crucial to prioritize comprehensive hospitals when devising patient safety incident prevention measures in mental health. Suicide and self-harm prevention, and fall prevention strategies, should be considered as indispensable components. Furthermore, it is recommended to give priority to implementing patient safety incident prevention strategies for individuals aged 60-79 years of age.

Optimizing the Approach to STA-MCA Bypass Surgery and Reducing Wound Complications

The treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms with bypass surgery using 2 branches of the superficial temporal artery (STA) proves to be an effective surgical option. However, the harvest of these 2 STA branches, combined with a pterional craniotomy, carries the potential risk of delayed wound healing of the skin flap. This study undertook a retrospective analysis to examine and identify the factors associated with this delayed wound healing. A total of 56 consecutive cases, including both ruptured and unruptured complex intracranial aneurysms, that underwent bypass surgery with 2 branches of the STA, were analyzed retrospectively. Major delayed wound healing was observed in 6 (10.7%) cases. Univariate analysis demonstrated significant associations with the following factors: rupture (P= 0.023), presence of diabetes mellitus (P= 0.028), large craniotomy size (P= 0.012), and the type of skin incision (P ≤ 0.001). Age (P= 0.283), sex (P= 0.558), body mass index (P= 0.221), and other blood test parameters did not demonstrate any statistical significance. Similarly, the presence of a dominant frontal branch (P= 0.515) or a low-positioned frontal branch (P= 0.622) did not reveal statistically significant results. In the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms, where harvesting of the 2 STA branches is involved with a pterional craniotomy, producing a smaller skin flap (L- or T-shaped incision) is effective in minimizing the risk of delayed wound healing. The process of harvesting the STA and closing the wound demands meticulous care, taking into consideration the normal anatomical structures and the subdermal vascular plexus of the scalp.

Is the Complication Rate in the Surgical Repair of the Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture Influenced by the Timing, Type of Incision and Method of Fixation?

Distal biceps tears are uncommon injuries, typically leading to significant loss of elbow flexion and supination strength; surgical repairs restore muscular strength and endurance. The aim of this study was to compare the complication rate of early (< 21 days) vs delayed (> 21 days) repair and the effect of types of incision and fixation methods used in the repair. A total of 86 cases were retrospectively reviewed, and 66 cases were included in the study after exclusion. Different preoperative and intraoperative variables and postoperative outcome measures were recorded. We analysed the effects of early and delayed repair, types of incision and fixation methods on the complications. 31 had an early, and 35 had delayed distal biceps repair. The mean follow-up was 14.92 weeks. 13.6% had major, and 40.9% had minor complications. No significant difference was noted in complications between the two groups (54.8% vs 54.3%). Higher complications were observed when surgery was done using a single anterior incision compared to 2 anterior incisions (68.8% vs 16.7%, p=0.0002). Overall, higher (76.3% vs 25.9%, p=0.0001) complications were noted in patients where fixation was done using a cortical button & interference screw in comparison to the cortical button alone. No significant difference in complication was noted between early and delayed repair. However, more complications were noted in the single anterior incision compared to the two anterior incision technique. Higher complications were also observed with the cortical button and interference screw fixation method compared to the cortical button alone.

A data-driven risk assessment of Arctic maritime incidents: Using machine learning to predict incident types and identify risk factors

The rise in Arctic temperatures has caused sea ice to melt, making the region more navigable through a new, shorter shipping route. Navigating the Arctic poses high risks due to extreme environmental conditions. This study proposes scalable data-driven predictive models to assess the risk of Arctic navigation under uncertain weather and sea ice conditions. Machine learning is applied to predict the type of Arctic incidents and identify their risk factors. Several models are investigated, and the most accurate model for the two Arctic routes, the North West Passage (NWP) and the Northern Sea Route (NSR), is determined based on several validation metrics. Random forest and Naïve Bayes models provide the best accuracy and F1-score for NWP and NSR, respectively. The wind speed, vessel type, length, and age are important risk factors for NWP while temperature at 2 m above the surface, vessel length, and age are important for NSR. Partial dependence plots are used to investigate the effect of each feature on predicting each incident type. Equipment failures are more common among newer and longer vessels. Collision related incidents are more likely to be predicted for longer vessels, while grounding related incidents are more frequent at higher air temperature.

Association of seafood consumption with cardiovascular disease among adults in Qingdao, China

Background and aimsThe relationship between seafood consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial, and studies have not considered competing risk events. Our study examined the association between a full range of seafood consumption and CVD incidence and mortality based on the Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program. Methods and resultsWe followed up 5285 participants without CVD at baseline until December 31, 2021. CVD cases and deaths were identified through record linkage with the Qingdao CVD Surveillance System and the Qingdao Death Surveillance System, respectively. Information on seafood consumption was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. We used the Cox proportional hazard model and the competing risk model to evaluate the association between all types of seafood consumption and CVD incidence and mortality. During a median follow-up of 11.4 years, 122 CVD cases and 75 deaths occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with nonconsumers, seafood consumption of 300–500 and > 500 g/week was associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence [hazards ratio and 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.54 (0.29–0.99) and 0.49 (0.26–0.91), respectively]. However, seafood consumption of >500 g/week had a significantly lower risk of CVD mortality [subdistribution hazard ratio and 95 % CI: 0.40 (0.17–0.95)], but it was insignificant in other groups. ConclusionSeafood consumption of 300–500 g/week and >500 g/week was associated with a lower CVD incidence and mortality. Our findings provide evidence of the recommendations of the 2022 Dietary Guidelines for Chinese residents and may guide the promotion of strategies for CVD prevention.

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Bone Fracture: A Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE)-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Researchers have examined the link between consuming fruit and vegetables and the incidence of fractures for many years. Nevertheless, their findings have been unclear. Furthermore, the dose-dependent relationship has not been examined, and the level of certainty in the evidence was not evaluated. We carried out a dose-dependent meta-analysis examining the relation between fruit and vegetables intake and fracture incidence. PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus were searched until April 2023 for cohort studies evaluating the relation between fruit and vegetables and fracture incidence. Summary relative risks (RRs) were computed from complied data by applying random effects analysis. To examine the level of evidence, we utilized the approach called the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE). Ten cohort studies comprising 511,716 individuals were entered. There was a nonsignificant relation between fruit and vegetables, as well as only fruit intake and any fracture risk. In contrast, high versus low analysis presented that vegetables consumption was linked to a 16% decrease in any type of fracture incidence (RR 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.95; I 2 = 83.1%; n = 6). Also, per one serving/day (200 g/day) increments in vegetables consumption, there was a 14% decline in the fracture risk (RR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97; I 2 = 84.7%; n = 5; GRADE = moderate). With moderate certainty, a greater consumption of only vegetables, but not total fruit and vegetables or only fruit, might reduce the risk of fracture. These associations were also evident in dose-response analysis. Large intervention trials are demanded to approve our findings. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

DISP-02. PATTERNS IN THE INCIDENCE OF BRAIN METASTASIS BY RACE AND ETHNICITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract INTRODUCTION Despite advancements in cancer treatment, the incidence of brain metastases (BM) continues to rise which necessitates risk factor analyses. Although current literature indicates racial variance in BM incidence, there exists a major knowledge gap in understanding associations between race/ethnicity, BM incidence, and subtypes which emphasizes the need for a systematic review. We aimed to analyze the relationship between BM incidence, race/ethnicity, and primary cancer type. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of PubMed and Ovid databases from January 2000 to January 2023 for terms related to BM, ethnicity and race, in conjunction with incidence was conducted. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed journals with ages &amp;gt; 18, sample size &amp;gt; 100, primary malignancy diagnosis with evidence of BM, and descriptions of patient race or ethnicity. RESULTS Of 806 identified studies, 11 articles primarily utilizing US data were included for final analysis. Lung and bronchus cancers, revealed the highest incidence of BM in Asian patients, followed by Black, White, and American Indian/Alaska Natives (P&amp;lt; .001), despite overall increased incidence of primary cancer in Black patients. Breast cancer revealed highest BM incidence in American Indian/Alaska Natives (5.9%), followed by Black (5.0%), White (3.6%), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (3.5%) (P&amp;lt; .001). When compared to White and Hispanics only, Black patients had greater incidences of BM (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.57–3.25). Lower incidence of BM for esophageal cancer was observed in Black patients compared to White patients (OR=0.38; 95% CI: (0.16–0.89); P= 0.026). No significant differences were observed in BM incidence for bladder, prostate, or non-small cell and small cell lung cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that BM incidence does vary amongst racial/ethnic groups dependent on primary cancer type. Differences may be due to numerous factors, underscoring the need for more work with inclusive, diverse cohorts to tackle BM disparities.

MODL-22. DEVELOPMENT OF A PATIENT-DERIVED MODEL BIOBANK TO PROVIDE AN ACCURATE TOOL DECIPHERING BRAIN TUMOR INITIATION, PROGRESSION, AND THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE

Abstract Brain cancers are the most incident and deadliest tumor types in pediatric and young adult populations. Among them, several histotypes are characterized by their molecular drivers and co-alterations currently guiding our therapeutic strategies. Due to inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, those tumors are becoming rapidly chemo- and radioresistant. To encompass all their intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of therapeutic resistances, there is an urgent need to generate accurate brain tumors’ modeling to predict therapeutic responses. Patient-derived cell lines (PDCL) remain for now the most reliable model to estimate and mimic evolutive situation. Main difficulties rely on the derivation methods themselves (2D vs. 3D, in vitro vs. in vivo), but also on the methods to validate their molecular similarities comparatively to the primary tumors. Here we collected, through the PEDIAMODECAN program, 104 fresh brain tumors (e.g., 23 pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), 3 low-grade gliomas (LGG), 13 supra-tentorial high-grade gliomas and 10 DIPG/DMGs, 19 ependymomas, 19 medulloblastomas, 17 other rare entities) to generate PDCL and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), methylome assay and RNA sequencing, we were in capacity to underline similarities with initiated samples. Looking to derivation itself, we successfully maintained 80% samples in 2D cultures and 54% were derived in PDX. As expected, the PA/LGG group shows the higher percentage of failure of PDX generation (90%) and all established PA/LGG PDCLs were limited to a low number of passages. Nevertheless, for high-grade subtypes, PDX generation rate increased to 85,7%. No correlation was observed between derivation success and time between surgical removal and dissociation process. Whereas PDX histology was reproducing the same microscopic features than the primary tumors, methylome assay proves to be a good method to confirm original histotype group. Furthermore, those primary models afford a large biobank reproducing the diversity of pediatric brain tumors and were easily drug screened.

Incidence and types of significant tricuspid regurgitation in atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of incident tricuspid regurgitation (TR), but types of incident TR in AF versus sinus rhythm (SR) are not well-defined. Purpose We aimed to compare the risk of the different types of incident ≥moderate TR in AF and SR. Methods Adults first diagnosed with AF (2010-2021) who had a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) within 30 days after AF and adults with no diagnosis of AF who had a TTE in the same period were identified. Patients with previous cardiac surgeries, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, cardiac devices, primary valve disease, previous or current ejection fraction (EF) &amp;lt;50%, severe diastolic dysfunction (SDD), ≥moderate left-sided valve disease (LVD), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) ≥50 mmHg, ≥moderate TR, any tricuspid stenosis, or with no follow-up TTE ≥6 months from baseline were excluded. Patients were followed for the development of ≥moderate TR, the type of which was identified in a hierarchal order: 1) pacemaker-associated TR, 2) LVD-associated TR in the setting of ≥moderate LVD, 3) low EF or SDD-related TR, 4) pulmonary hypertension (PH)-associated TR if RVSP was ≥50 mmHg, 5) other ventricular functional TR (VFTR) if there was &amp;gt;mild RV enlargement or dysfunction, and 6) atrial functional TR (AFTR) when none of the previous was present. Patients were also followed for the occurrence of risk factors for TR (pacemaker insertion, ≥moderate LVD, low EF or SDD, PH, &amp;gt;mild RV enlargement or dysfunction) in a hierarchal order, and both the prevalence and future risk of the corresponding type of ≥moderate TR was determined at the onset of these conditions in AF and SR. Results Overall, 1,360 patients with new-onset AF (median age 67 years, 34% females) and 20,438 patients in SR (median age 60 years; 54% females) were included. Over median 3.8 (IQR 1.8-6.6) years, incident ≥moderate TR occurred in 110 patients with new-onset AF [2.13 per 100-person years] compared to 378 patients in SR [0.41 per 100-person years, p &amp;lt;.001]. All types of incident ≥moderate TR occurred more frequently in AF (p &amp;lt;.001 for all). The distribution and incidence of each type of TR in AF and SR are shown in Figure 1. The incidence of risk factors associated with the development of TR was higher in the AF group, except for pre-capillary PH, Figure 2A. At time of diagnosis or occurrence of these conditions, the prevalence of the corresponding TR types was higher in AF, except for pacemaker-TR, Figure 2B. The incidence of the corresponding TR type after occurrence of TR risk factors was higher in the AF group for LVD-TR and low EF/SDD-associated TR (p ≤0.03); although numerically higher in AF, the association was only borderline for PH-TR (p =0.05), Figure 2C. Conclusion Incident ≥moderate TR of all types occurred more frequently in patients with AF vs. SR and the distribution of TR types differed by rhythm. Patients with AF may benefit from a closer follow-up.Distribution and incidence rates of TRIncidence of TR risk factors &amp; TR after

Inequality and COVID-19 in Sweden: Relative risks of nine bad life events, by four social gradients, in pandemic vs. prepandemic years.

The COVID-19 pandemic struck societies directly and indirectly, not just challenging population health but disrupting many aspects of life. Different effects of the spreading virus-and the measures to fight it-are reported and discussed in different scientific fora, with hard-to-compare methods and metrics from different traditions. While the pandemic struck some groups more than others, it is difficult to assess the comprehensive impact on social inequalities. This paper gauges social inequalities using individual-level administrative data for Sweden's entire population. We describe and analyze the relative risks for different social groups in four dimensions-gender, education, income, and world region of birth-to experience three types of COVID-19 incidence, as well as six additional negative life outcomes that reflect general health, access to medical care, and economic strain. During the pandemic, the overall population faced severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 and saw higher all-cause mortality, income losses and unemployment risks, as well as reduced access to medical care. These burdens fell more heavily on individuals with low income or education and on immigrants. Although these vulnerable groups experienced larger absolute risks of suffering the direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic, the relative risks in pandemic years (2020 and 2021) were conspicuously similar to those in prepandemic years (2016 to 2019).

Nature and type of patient-reported safety incidents at a tertiary hospital in South Africa during the COVID-19 period (2018-2021)- A retrospective review.

The healthcare sector in South Africa has seen a rise in medical errors and negligence adversely affecting healthcare delivery. This study aimed to determine the nature and magnitude of Patient Safety Incidents at a tertiary hospital between April 2018 to March 2021 (the COVID-19 era). A retrospective review of Patient Safety Incidents forms and clinical records of inpatients above 12 years with a reported incident were included. The overall incidence of patient safety incidents was 4.40 PSIs per 10 000 patient-days. The majority of PSIs were harmful incidents (An incident that results in harm to a patient that is related to medical management, in contrast to disease complications or underlying disease) at 72.50% [145/200], followed by no harm incidents at 18.00% [36/200] and 9.50% [19/200] near-miss incidents. The five highest incident types were clinical process/procedure [83/200; 41.50%], behaviour [49/200; 24.50%], falls [28/200; 14%], complications [20/200; 10%], and pressure sores [11/200; 5.50%]. Incidents occurred more frequently within the week (83.50%) and during day shift (67.50%). Overall, the study showed low PSI reporting rates which is an inherent challenge with voluntary reporting. Notably, there has been an increasing trend in reporting. The results reflect a reporting culture more inclined to bring awareness to incidents that have negative outcomes.

Population prevalence of ECG abnormalities and risk of incident CVD outcomes: 5-year follow-up of 25,000 Chinese adults

Abstract Background and purpose Little is known about the utility of automated reporting of electrocardiograms (ECGs) for prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) types in low- and middle-income countries. We compared derived ECG phenotypes and a clinical risk score for prediction of incident major CVD types in a population study of Chinese adults. Methods CVD risk factors were collected and 12-lead ECGs performed with automated interpretation using Mortara’s VERITAS™ algorithm on 25,239 adults in the China Kadoorie Biobank resurvey in 2013-2014. Incident CVD outcomes were recorded prospectively over a median follow-up of 5 years. We examined the prevalence and prognosis of broad ECG phenotypes developed from automated outputs: (i) atrial fibrillation/flutter (AFib); (ii) ischaemia (possible/probable or definite); (iii) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); and (iv) normal ECG. Participants were stratified by modified CHA2DS2-VA score (&amp;lt;3 vs ≥3) and by age at resurvey. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to display cumulative CVD event rates during follow-up for ECG phenotypes. Results The mean (SD) age at resurvey was 59.5 (10.2) years, 62% were women and 57% were from rural areas. Overall, 44.3% had a normal ECG and 1.2% had AFib (0.4%, 0.9%, and 3.9% at ages &amp;lt;55, 55-69, and 70+). A total of 28.1% had ischaemia, and 13.6% had LVH (Table). The prevalence of all pathological ECG phenotypes increased with age and prior CVD. AFib was more common in individuals with CHA2DS2-VA ≥3 vs &amp;lt;3 (3.6% vs 0.8%). CHA2DS2-VA ≥3 was associated with higher HRs (95% CI) for stroke (1.91; 1.67-2.19), ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (1.79; 1.52-2.11), and heart failure (HF) (1.80; 1.23-2.62), respectively. Compared to CHA2DS2-VA ≥3, HRs for the AFib phenotype were greater for IHD (2.62; 1.97-3.50) and HF (3.79; 2.21-6.49) and similar for stroke (1.88; 1.44-2.77). LVH was most strongly associated with HF (1.83; 1.31-2.55) and positive associations with each CVD type were greater for definite vs probable/possible ischaemic phenotypes. After adjustment for age, 5-year cumulative incidence rates of CVD were 36.8% in individuals with AFib, 19.4% in those with ischaemia (all), 18.0% in those with LVH, and 14.1% in those with normal ECGs. Individuals with CHA2DS2-VA ≥3 had a 3-fold greater cumulative incidence of CVD than those with scores &amp;lt;3 (40.9% vs 13.9%). Conclusions All pathological ECG phenotypes were associated with higher risks of CVD outcomes, but AFib was most strongly predictive and comparable to moderate-high CHA2DS2-VA scores. However, absolute risks of subsequent CVD events were similar in those with ischaemia, LVH and a normal ECG. When combined with clinical risk scores, automated ECG interpretation is a useful adjunct in low-resource settings for CVD risk prediction in population studies and in clinical practice.

Revisiting the Structural (In)Variances of Homicide: Examining the Differential Effects of Context Across Homicide Types

Objectives Extend foundational work on the structural covariates of homicide (concentrated disadvantage in particular) by examining the differential effects of context across distinct types of incidents. Methods Using data on 31,513 incidents nested within 4,598 places from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) from 2003 to 2018, multilevel latent class analysis (MLCA) classified homicides into types. Two-level negative binomial regression models subsequently examined the place-level correlates of homicide counts disaggregated by type. Results Four empirically distinct types of incidents were identified, including felony, argument, intimate partner violence, and child abuse homicides. While concentrated disadvantage has a positive relationship with all four types, its effect is significantly stronger for felony and argument homicides relative to incidents involving intimate partner violence and child abuse. Conclusions The results indicate that context exhibits differential effects across homicide types, in turn suggesting that their underlying social processes and mechanisms are distinct.

Acil servise başvuran hastane çalışanlarının iş kazası bildirimlerinin analizi

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the occupational accidents experienced by all employees working in a university hospital in Turkey, according to their demographic data, as well as their title, ocuupations, accident type and location of accident in hospital, accident days and time periods, Types of occupational accidents. reasons that cause work accidents.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The data of this research, which is planned to be descriptive, is collected from all staff (both healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers) of the University Hospital, which provides tertiary healthcare services, who applied to the Emergency Department due to a occupatinal accident, were registered between 15 August 2022 and 15 August 2023. &#x0D; Results: The number of work accidents is equal to the number of hospital employees exposed to a occupational accident. The frequency of singles according to marital status was 57%, the most common days spent on occupatianal accidents are friday with 22.8% (n=26), 64.9% (n=74) most frequently in the working hours between 08:00-16:00, according to the units where employees work; Internal medicines first with 32.5% (n=37), occupatianal accidents injury incident types are examined; needlestick and sharp injuries comes first with 59.6% (n=68). No fatal accident was detected in this retrospective study.&#x0D; Conclusion: As a university hospital with a large campus, it is aimed to shed light on occupational health and safety studies within the framework of Health Quality Standards in the hospital by analyzing the work accidents of hospital employees who apply to our department of emergency medicine and also we aimed to contribute to the literature.

A Taxonomy of SETA Methods and Linkage to Delivery Preferences

Cybersecurity threats targeting users are common in today's information systems. Threat actors exploit human behavior to gain unauthorized access to systems and data. The common suggestion for addressing this problem is to train users to behave better using SETA programs. The notion of training users is old, and several SETA methods are described in scientific literature. Yet, incidents stemming from insecure user behavior continue to happen and are reported as one of the most common types of incidents. Researchers argue that empirically proven SETA programs are needed and point out focus on knowledge rather than behavior, along with poor user adoption, as problems with existing programs. The present study aims to research user preferences regarding SETA methods, with the motivation that a user is more likely to adopt a program perceived positively. A qualitative approach is used to identify existing SETA methods, and a quantitative approach is used to measure user preferences regarding SETA delivery. We show that users prefer SETA methods to be effortless and flexible and outline how existing methods meet that preference. The results outline how SETA methods respond to user preferences and how different SETA methods can be implemented to maximize user perception, thereby supporting user adoption.

Mini-incision Right Hepatectomy for Living Donor Hepatectomy.

The application of a minimally invasive technique to graft procurement in living donor liver transplantation has minimized skin incisions and led to early recovery in donor hepatectomy while ensuring donor safety. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of mini-incision living donor right hepatectomy compared with conventional open surgery. The study population consisted of 448 consecutive living donors who underwent living donor right hepatectomy performed by a single surgeon between January 2015 and December 2019. According to the incision type, the donors were divided into 2 groups: a right subcostal mini-incision group (M group: n = 187) and a conventional J-shaped incision group (C group: n = 261). A propensity score matching analysis was conducted to overcome bias. The estimated graft volume and measured graft weight were significantly lower in the M group ( P = 0.000). The total of 17 (3.8%) postoperative complications were identified. The readmission rate and overall postoperative complication rate of donors was not significantly different between the groups. The biliary complication rates in the recipients were 12.6% and 8.6% in the C group and M group, respectively ( P = 0.219). Hepatic artery thrombosis requiring revision developed in 2 patients (0.8%) in the C group and 7 patients (3.7%) in the M group ( P = 0.038). After propensity score matching, these complications were not significantly different between the groups. Mini-incision living donor right hepatectomy shows comparable biliary complications to open surgery and is considered a safe and feasible operative technique.

Multicentric study on the incidence and preventability of medication-related incidents in patients visiting pediatric emergency departments

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence, severity, and preventability of medication-related incidents in patients visiting pediatric emergency departments, and to identify the highest-risk age groups and the drugs most frequently involved. MethodThis is a multicenter prospective observational study carried out between March and June 2017 in patients between 0 and 16 years of age who visited the pediatric emergency department of eight Spanish public hospitals. We recorded and assessed three different types of incidents: adverse drug events, medication errors, and accidental self-poisoning. Incidents were characterized according to severity, preventability, age groups affected, and drugs involved. ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 99,797 visits were recorded to the pediatric emergency departments following 334 drug-related incidents in as many patients, of whom 52.4% were male, with a mean age of 47.1 ± 44.4 months. The incidence of patients with drug-related incidents was 0.3%. Of the total incidents, 264 (79%) were considered preventable and 158 (47.3%) had caused harm to patients. Incidents detected included 144 (43.1%) adverse drug events, 218 (65.2%) medication errors (74 of them leading to harm; these are also included as preventable drug-related adverse events), and 46 (13.7%) cases of accidental self-poisoning. Preschoolers (1-5 years of age) represented 60.8% of incidents and were the age group with the highest percentage of preventable incidents (64%). A total of 351 drugs were involved in the 334 incidents detected, most of which fell into one of three therapeutic groups: anti-infectives for systemic use (171; 48.7%), nervous system (66; 18.8%) and respiratory system (41; 11.7%). ConclusionsThe incidence of drug-related incidents in pediatric patients presenting to emergency departments was lower than that reported for adult patients, although almost half of the incidents identified were associated with harm. Preschool patients (1-5 years of age) were identified as the age group at the highest risk. The recorded incidents were caused by a small number of drugs. A high percentage of incidents were preventable, which confirms the urgent need to implement medication incident prevention strategies for this population.

Autocracy's long reach: explaining host country influences on transnational repression

ABSTRACT Authoritarian regimes frequently reach across borders to repress against exiled dissidents. Existing scholarship has investigated the methods and effects of transnational repression. Yet, we lack knowledge of the role that the political context of a host country and its relations to the origin country of diasporas play in incidents of transnational repression. Addressing this gap, we use a Freedom House dataset on physical acts of transnational repression (2014–2020) to study how the regime type of the host country and the regional ties between the host and origin country influence the likelihood and type of transnational repression incidents. Conducting a logistic regression analysis with yearly directed dyads, we find that to target exiles in autocratic host states perpetrators primarily rely on the cooperation of authorities, whereas in democratic host states they resort more often to direct attacks. We also show that authoritarian cooperation on transnational repression is regionally clustered: it often occurs when home and host state are situated within the same authoritarian neighbourhood, and partly also when they are members in the same regional organization. Our article reveals some of the host state conditions and relational dynamics that shape the decisions and strategies of transnational repression perpetrators.

Retrospective Assessment of Forensic Facts Under 18 Years of Age in İzmir

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the cases under the age of 18 who applied to the forensic medicine outpatient clinic of our hospital in İzmir.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Among the 6,492 reports prepared for the patients who applied to İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital Forensic Medicine Polyclinic between January 2019 and January 2022, 471 final reports prepared for forensic cases under the age of 18; age, gender, type of incident, area of injury, according to TCK 86 law clause; It was examined retrospectively with parameters such as whether it is life-threatening or not, and whether it can be eliminated with a simple medical intervention or not.&#x0D; Results: In our study, 471 reports were examined; The most common age was 18, the mean age was 14, the number of girl cases was 203 (43.1%), the number of male cases was 268 (56.9%), the most common type of event was the assault, while traffic accidents were the second most frequent, the most frequently injured body area in cases under 18 years old was the extremities in 154 (32.7%), followed by head injuries in 101 (21.4%) cases, and life-threatening injuries in 19 (4%) cases. It was found that it was seen most frequently in July and least in April.&#x0D; Conclusion: The data determined in our study were in parallel with similar studies in the literature, while the most common cause of death in autopsy series was determined as traffic accident, it was seen that the most common cause of injury in outpatients who applied to our polyclinic was assault.