Incidence Of Trichomoniasis Research Articles

Epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period 2008-2017

Aim. To analyze the incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period 2008-2017.Material and methods. The dynamics of morbidity of sexually transmitted infections were studied based on data of the state statistical reporting, approved by the Order of the Director of State Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, dated 11.11.2013, № 54: form № 9.Results and discussion. The analysis of the form №9 revealed that the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the republic in 2017 compared with 2008 decreased by 3 times. As for syphilis, morbidity in 2017 decreased by 1.4 times. The incidence of trichomoniasis (7.1 times), and gonococcal infection (2.1 times) decreased significantly. It should be noted that the statistics of chlamydial infection remained practically unchanged during this period. The decrease in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the republic does not correspond to reality, since many patients are treated in non-state medical institutions, where the registration and accounting system for these infections is not kept.Conclusion. The results indicate that the epidemiological situation in the Republic is unstable. The most unfavorable regions have been identified. It is necessary to monitor the activities of non-governmental medical institutions for the identification and registration of patients with sexually transmitted infections to improve the preventive measures and complete treatment.

Burden of trichomoniasis among older adults in the United States: a systematic review.

Despite being one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, the epidemiology of trichomoniasis remains understudied. One population that has been historically overlooked regarding STIs is that of older adults, despite many individuals remaining sexually active well into their older years. We investigated the reported prevalence and incidence of trichomoniasis in adults aged ≥45years in the United States using a systematic literature review. Twelve articles were included in the review, all assessing prevalence of trichomoniasis in this age group. Notably, no included articles assessed trichomoniasis incidence. Data collected encompassed several decades, from 1993 to 2016. Estimates of infection prevalence varied widely and ranged from 0.2% to 21.4% in included populations, with the highest prevalence typically seen among individuals seeking diagnostic testing for STIs. Several studies found increased risk for trichomoniasis in older patients compared to younger age groups. This is the first review to examine the risk of trichomoniasis in older adults, and the surprisingly high prevalence suggests that older adults may merit increased screening for trichomoniasis and sexual health education.

Trichomonas vaginalis AND HIV INFECTION: RELATION AND PREVALENCE AMONG WOMEN IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Trichomoniasis is a curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) that has been reported to be linked to exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although few studies have described this association. The purpose of this study was to focus on the incidence of trichomoniasis in low-income women, its relation to HIV status, viral load levels and TCD4+ cell counts, among other risk factors, using an in vitro culture as a diagnostic test. A crosssectional study among 267 women (103 HIV-positive and 164 HIV-negative) was conducted in 2015. The overall prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection was 6.4%. Among HIVpositive and HIV-negative women, the prevalence was 3.9% and 7.9%, respectively, yet these results were not statistically different (p=0.1878). The factors associated with TV infection were cigarette smoking (OR= 3.52), vaginal itching (OR=4.43) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) (OR= 5.29). HIV status, TCD4+ cell count and viral load were not associated with TV infection in this group. The prevalence rates found, lower than those observed in other studies, may be due to the fact that the women evaluated in the present study are part of a low-risk populationas well as the limited sample size of HIV positive women.

A Retrospective cohort study on incidence of Trichomoniasis in high risk group patients with Leucorrhoea at RIMS General Hospital, Srikakulam.

A Retrospective cohort study on incidence of Trichomoniasis in high risk group patients with Leucorrhoea at RIMS General Hospital, Srikakulam.

CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS DETERMINING PROPAGATION AND CLINIC OF UROGENITAL TRICHOMONIASIS IN WOMEN

The problem of urogenital trichomoniasis (UGT) is relevant not only due to its high prevalence and multiple organ lesions, but also to the ability to have a negative impact on reproductive health. In Kazakhstan, UGT is one of the leading infections in the structure of sexually transmitted infections: in 2011 51.5%; 2012 — 43.5%; 2013 — 42.0% with the prevalence of co-infection with other STIs, in which the rate of complications is increased by 2 times and are more profound with the involvement of inflammation in the upper urogenital tract. The recorded incidence of trichomoniasis in the RK is characterized by annual rate decrease (since 2011 a 1.5 times decrease) due to small fluctuations of syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia morbidity which indicates a large reservoir of latent infection, and low level of diagnostics. Most clearly demonstrates this situation an incidence of UGT in 2 cities: so in Astana in 2013, the recorded incidence decreased by 2.8 times compared to 2011; in Almaty — 6 times in 2012 and 4.3 times in 2013. Conducted clinical and epidemiological analysis of UGT morbidity in women allowed to identify the following: in recent years the tendency of UGT to growth with a significant proportion of latent asymptomatic forms (for more than one quarter of patients with UGT, UGT is most common in young adults, average age 30.5±2.5 years); in half of the cases recorded, mixed trichomonas infection, mostly in combination with Chlamydia, which causes a high incidence of complications of the upper urogenital tract; there is a high frequency of trichomonas infection combination with infections caused by Candida, mycoplasma, which determines the prospects of the combination therapy UGT in combination with drugs, correcting immunodeficiency. There is quite a high incidence of gynecological pathology, the severity of which depends on the frequency of the spectrum of pathogens that are associated with T. vaginalis. The data obtained allows to select women with trichomonas infection of the urogenital tract with the complication risk that affect the reproductive function; UGT develops together with urogenital tract disbacteriosis with a predominance of Staphylococcus species, having adhesive, lizotsimogenic, hemolytic activity that must be considered when conducting a combined therapy with drugs, correcting microflora. The frequency of various complications was significantly higher in patients with mixed infection. Particular attention is drawn to the attention of the high frequency of adnexitis, uterine fibroids, their rate was equivalent to and higher than the corresponding figures of 1.9 times and 5 times, respectively (38.0% versus 20.0% and 7.8%, p 0,05) at monoinfection. In this group of ovarian cyst recorded in 10.1% of cases. Basically, the above-mentioned diseases were observed in patients with trichomonas, chlamydial infection. Adnexitis and uterine fibroids in all 30 cases were recorded in patients co-infected with this that has made 75,0±6,8%. Our findings are consistent with studies of high risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in women with trichomoniasis. Other studies have reported increases of 1.9 times the risk of tubal infertility in women with trichomoniasis. Trichomoniasis can also play a role in cervical neoplasia and postoperative infections.

Sex Work Regulation and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Tijuana, Mexico.

While reducing the transmission of sexually transmitted infections is a common argument for regulating sex work, relatively little empirical evidence is available regarding the effectiveness of these policies. We investigate the effects of highly publicized sex work regulations introduced in 2005 in Tijuana, Mexico on the incidence of trichomoniasis. State-level, annual data for the 1995-2012 period are employed that include the incidence rates of trichomoniasis by age group and predictor variables. We find that the regulations led to a decrease in the incidence rate of trichomoniasis. Specifically, while our estimates are somewhat noisy, the all-ages incidence rate in the 2005-2012 period is roughly 37% lower than what is predicted by our synthetic control estimates and corresponds to approximately 800 fewer reported cases of trichomoniasis per year. We find that the decreases are especially pronounced for 15-24 and 25-44 age cohorts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Incidence of Trichomoniasis among Primary School Pupils in Gwagwalada, FCT, Nigeria

Incidence of Trichomoniasis among Primary School Pupils in Gwagwalada, FCT, Nigeria

Comparing the Occurrence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infections Today to Ten Years Ago Among Women Prostitutes and Gynecology and Obstetrics Patients

Trichomonas vaginalis is is a monoxenous parasite which lives in human urogenital systems and causes sex transmitted disease through human sexual contact. Disease frequency has been seen at different rates in different communities or in the same community depending on people's sociocultural status. Previously we made a study for determining prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in woman living in Istanbul. We made this present study for determining any difference in prevalence in comparison to the results of ten years earlier. A total number of 207 vaginal discharge samples which were collected from two different hospitals, (93 from Venereal Diseases Hospital [VDH] and 114 from Cerrahpasa Ob&Gyn Clinic), were evaluated under direct microscopy and were cultured for T. vaginalis in a Cystein-Peptone-Liver-Maltose (CPLM) medium. T. vaginalis was observed under direct microscopy and grew in culture in 2 (0.97%) of 207 vaginal discharge samples [1 (1.1%) patient from VDH and 1 (0.9%) patient from Cerrahpasa]. The incidence of trichomoniasis has significantly decreased compared to the year 2000 in both VDH and Cerrahpasa populations (p=0.038) according to X2 test results. This epidemiologic study shows the importance of social development in the incidence of infectious diseases.

Trichomonas vaginalis Prevalence, Incidence, Risk Factors and Antibiotic-Resistance in an Adolescent Population

To determine the prevalence and incidence of trichomoniasis, risk factors for infection, and the prevalence of metronidazole and tinidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) in female adolescents. Nonpregnant, HIV-seronegative, sexually active females (13-19 years) visiting an inner city public primary care clinic were tested for T. vaginalis by wet mount and culture, and interviewed about risk-taking behavior every 6 months. Infected patients were treated with a 2 g oral dose of metronidazole. Isolates from positive T. vaginalis cultures were tested for in vitro resistance to metronidazole and tinidazole. Among 467 study participants, 67 (14.4%; 95% confidence interval, 11.3-17.5) were diagnosed with trichomoniasis at first T. vaginalis culture. Significant risk factors for T. vaginalis infection were having an older sex partner and concurrent Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. The incidence was 22.1 cases per 100 person-years. Among 42 participants who had a prevalent infection and returned for followup, 13 (31.0%) had at least 1 more episode of trichomoniasis. Resistance testing was completed for 78 isolates: 37 at first visit and 41 during follow-up. One (2.7%; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-14.2) of the 37 first-visit isolates was moderately resistant to metronidazole (minimal lethal concentration = 200 microg/mL). Of the 41 follow-up visit isolates, 1 was moderately resistant to metronidazole and 2 had borderline resistance (minimal lethal concentration = 50 microg/mL). The prevalence of tinidazole resistance was 0% (0.0%-9.5%). The study population had high prevalence and incidence of trichomoniasis. The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant T. vaginalis among female adolescents was low.

Real-time PCRs for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis β-tubulin and 18S rRNA genes in female genital specimens

Trichomonas vaginalis is the cause of one of the most common types of vaginitis, trichomoniasis. The incidence of trichomoniasis in developed countries has decreased substantially during the past decade, but high prevalence of this disease can still be found in rural and remote areas of Australia. Clinical manifestations of symptomatic women are generally non-specific, but include vaginal discharge, vaginitis and irritation. T. vaginalis infection has also been linked to the increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Current diagnosis of T. vaginalis relies on the visualization of motile organisms in a wet-mount preparation. Culture is used mainly in reference laboratories. The latter two methods require viable organisms and would not be suitable for use where transportation of specimens can be delayed. Two real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) hybridization probe PCR assays were used in this study to test for T. vaginalis DNA, targeting the beta-tubulin and 18S rRNA genes. We tested 500 randomly selected female patients, in an STD setting, for T. vaginalis DNA. The FRET PCRs targeting the beta-tubulin gene and the 18S rRNA gene detected 96 % (85/89) and 100 % (89/89) , respectively, of the positive specimens (first-void urine sample or genital swabs). Wet-mount microscopy was performed on 76 of these PCR-positive specimens and showed a sensitivity of 38 % (29/76). The prevalence, by PCR, of trichomoniasis was 18 % in this study. The two real-time PCRs developed in this study, targeting different genetic regions of the organism, provide a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection.

Sexually transmitted infections and increased risk of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus.

The incidence of trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis) in the United States is estimated at 5 million cases annually; chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) at 3 million; gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), 650,000; and syphilis (Treponema pallidum), 70,000. However, most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are asymptomatic-contributing to underdiagnosis estimated at 50% or more. Diagnosis of an STI signals sexual health risk because an STI facilitates the transmission and acquisition of other STIs, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In fact, comorbid STIs increase patients' susceptibility of acquiring and transmitting HIV by two- to fivefold. Several studies have shown that aggressive STI prevention, testing, and treatment reduces the transmission of HIV. The authors discuss common clinical presentations, screening, diagnosis, and treatment for trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a venereal disease of cattle caused by Tritrichomonas fetus (T. fetus). Its clinical signs are repeat breeding at both regular and irregular intervals, abortion and pyometra (1,2,5,9). These are readily observed in dairy cattle. However, in beef cattle on western ranges, the first indication of a problem is usually finding additional cows open or with pyometra at the time of pregnancy check. Data is limited on the incidence of trichomoniasis (3,8,14). A 7.3% infection rate has been reported in slaughtered bulls in Florida (3). Another study in Oklahoma reported a 7.8% infection rate in bulls presented for sale at auction (14). These infection rates reflect only selected populations of bulls within these areas. Primary infection rates of over 40% have been reported in cow herds in Australia. In Colorado, identification of trichomoniasis in herds was 22 of 155 herds in 1987, 22 of 210 herds in 1988, and only 6 of 140 herds tested before October in 1989. The objective of this presentation is to review the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and economic aspects of the disease.

Candidosis of the Genital Tract in Non-pregnant Women

Of 300 non-pregnant women seen in an STD clinic, 94 (31.3%) harboured C. albicans or C. glabrata in the genital tract; 84 of these women (89.4%) had at least one moderate or marked symptom or clinical sign. Of the 94 women with Candida, 50 had another genital infection; 38% of these 50 women had at least one moderate or marked symptom or clinical sign, compared with 75% of the 44 women with no other infection. This difference is significant. Of the 146 women taking oral contraceptives, 51 (34.9%) had Candida, compared with 43 (27.9%) of the 154 women who were not. The incidence of trichomoniasis, anaerobic vaginitis and non-specific genital infection was lower among women with Candida than among the others.

Candidosis of the genital tract in non-pregnant women

Of 300 non-pregnant women seen in an STD clinic, 94 (31.3%) harboured C. albicans or C. glabrata in the genital tract; 84 of these women (89.4%) had at least one moderate or marked symptom or clinical sign. Of the 94 women with Candida, 50 had another genital infection; 38% of these 50 women had at least one moderate or marked symptom or clinical sign, compared with 75% of the 44 women with no other infection. This difference is significant. Of the 146 women taking oral contraceptives, 51 (34.9%) had Candida, compared with 43 (27.9%) of the 154 women who were not. The incidence of trichomoniasis, anaerobic vaginitis and non-specific genital infection was lower among women with Candida than among the others.

Screening for gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, moniliasis and syphilis in pregnancy.

SummaryOne thousand unselected antenatal patients were investigated for evidence of gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, moniliasis and serological evidence of syphilis. Two cases of gonorrhoea were found–one in the group screened at the initial booking visit while a second case was detected on repeat screening after the emergence of suspicious symptoms. The incidence of trichomoniasis was 8.9 per cent and moniliasis 22.3 per cent. Trichomonal infection was best detected by routine cytology smears whereas culture on Sabouraud's medium proved the more efficient method of diagnosing monilial infection.

Incidence of trichomoniasis in the band-tailed pigeons of southern Arizona.

Incidence of trichomoniasis in the band-tailed pigeons of southern Arizona.