Incidence Of Tonsillitis Research Articles

The Association between Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Respiratory Tract Infections in Preschool Children: A Wuhan Cohort Study.

This study investigates the association between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the incidence and frequency of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in preschool children. We selected 527 mother-infant pairs from Wuhan Healthy Baby Cohort (WHBC), China. Ten PFASs were measured in umbilical cord serum, and we collected data on common RTIs in preschool children aged 4 years through a questionnaire. Associations of single PFASs with the incidence and frequency of RTIs were analyzed via Logistic regression and Poisson regression, while the collective effect was assessed by weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Furthermore, stratified and interaction analyses were performed to evaluate if there were sex-specific associations. We found a positive correlation between perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) and the incidence of tonsillitis, with several PFASs also showing positive associations with its frequency. Moreover, perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) showed a positive link with the frequency of common cold. The results of WQS regression revealed that after adjusting for other covariates, PFASs mixture showed a positive association with the incidence of tonsillitis, the frequency of common cold, and episodes. In particular, perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), PFDoDA, PFTrDA, perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and 8:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (8:2 Cl-PFESA) had the most significant impact on this combined effect. The results suggest that both single and mixed exposures to PFASs may cause RTIs in preschool children. However, there was no statistically significant interaction between different PFASs and sex.

Correlation Between Age and Tonsil Size in Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis at Aek Kanopan District General Hospital, North Sumatra

Abstract: Background: Chronic tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils that persists as a result of repeated acute or subclinical infections. The size of the tonsils in chronic tonsillitis is enlarged due to parenchymal hyperplasia or fibrinoid degeneration with obstruction of the tonsillar crypts. Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2012, the incidence of tonsillitis in Indonesia is around 23%. Young age predominates in the characteristics of tonsillitis patients. Objective: The research was to determine the correlation between age and tonsil size in chronic tonsillitis at the Aek Kanopan District General Hospital, North Sumatra. Method: This study uses secondary data, namely medical records at Aek Kanopan Hospital, North Sumatra. Research and data collection were carried out in November 2022 - February 2023. This research is an analytical study. The population is chronic tonsillitis patients at the ENT-KL installation at Aek Kanopan Hospital, North Sumatra, totaling 70 patients. Data analysis was univariate presented in the form of a frequency distribution table and bivariate analysis using a correlation testspearman rho by using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Based on the study, as many as (57.6%) were women and (42.4%) were men, most were aged <18 years, namely (72.7%), mostly with hypertrophic tonsil sizes, namely (65.2%) and there were Correlation between age and tonsillitis size in chronic tonsillitis at Aek Kanopan District General Hospital, North Sumatra, p=0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between age and tonsillitis size in chronic tonsillitis at the Aek Kanopan District General Hospital, North Sumatra.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Pola Makan Dengan Kejadian Tonsilitis Pada Anak Di Puskesmas Tehoru Tahun 2022

Inflammation of the tonsils, lay people often call tonsils. Everyone has tonsils, for some reason the tonsils can become inflamed which should not be underestimated. Tonsillitis is inflammation of the palatine tonsils which are part of the Waldeyer ring (Suroso, 2019). Tonsillitis is an infectious disease that occurs quite often, especially in children aged 5-15 years compared to adults (Koes Irianto, 2019). This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and eating patterns with the incidence of tonsillitis in children at the Tehoru Health Center, Central Maluku Regency. This research uses an observational research design with analytical survey research methods and uses a cross sectional study approach. The population in this study were Tonsillitis patients aged 6-15 years who received treatment at the Tehoru Health Center, Central Maluku Regency from January – June 2022, totaling 280 patients. Sampling using the Purposive Sampling technique obtained 31 respondents according to the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets, the data collected was then processed and analyzed using the SPSS computer program. Data analysis includes univariate analysis by looking for frequency distributions and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test (a<0.05) to determine the relationship between variables. The results of the bivariate analysis showed a value of p=0.069 for the relationship between knowledge and the incidence of tonsillitis, and p=0.001 for the relationship between diet and the incidence of tonsillitis. So it can be concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge and the incidence of tonsillitis and there is a relationship between diet and the incidence of tonsillitis in children at the Tehoru Community Health Center, Central Maluku Regency in 2022.

The use of Decasan in the local treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the tonsils

Chronic non-specific inflammatory diseases of the tonsils are predominantly asocialized with bacteria of Streptococcus pyogenes species. However, a mixed microflora, including fungal, is often growing, and tonsillitis can be associated with viral pathogens. Modern antiseptic drug Dekasan, due to its bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, sporocidal activity, is a highly effective means for the sanitization of the the palatine tonsils. It can reliably reduce the incidence of tonsillitis, thus reducing the need for systemic antibiotics and will slow the rate of antibiotic resistance.

Стан клітинного імунітету хворих на тонзиліт дітей, інфікованих вірусом герпеса 6 типу

Currently, the incidence of tonsillitis in children is very common and represents a serious medical and social problem. In young children, viral tonsillitis predominates, while bacterial tonsillitis is more common between the ages of 5–15. The frequency of registration of infection with viruses of the herpes group, including the human herpes virus (HHV) type 6, is increasing. The healing processes in infectious pathology are primarily due to the balanced work of the cellular and humoral links of the body’s immune response, the state of which can be influenced by concomitant infection with herpes viruses. The aim of the work was to study the cellular immune response of children with tonsillitis infected with HHV-6 type. The study of the influence of HHV-6 infection on the state of the cellular component of the immune response in 74 children with tonsillitis in the acute period and in the period of convalescence was carried out. All patients were diagnosed with a moderate form of tonsillitis; the etiological factor was hemolytic streptococcus group A. It was revealed that in children with mono-infection at the onset of the disease, there is a moderate response of cellular immunity (t = 2.76), while the presence of HHV-6 infection leads to more pronounced changes in the parameters of CD lymphocytes (t = 4.06). We found a significant increase in the content of CD16+-lymphocytes in tonsillitis of streptococcal etiology, but the maximum growth was recorded in patients with mono-infection (p < 0.05). By the time of convalescence, complete recovery of T-lymphocytes in infected HHV-6 patients does not occur. The degree of deviation from the standard for the entire complex of CD-lymphocytes during the period of convalescence was more pronounced in patients with co-infection (t = 2.83). The obtained data indicate the suppression of the cellular component of the immune response in patients with tonsillitis against the background of HHV-6 infection, which requires a differentiated approach to treatment and medical supervision of such patients.

Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and the Risk of Tonsilitis in Children Under Five in Demak, Central Java

Background: Upper respiratory infection (URI) remains one of the primary causes of child mortality in Indonesia. Some studies have shown that exclusive breastfeeding can prevent various infectious diseases including URI. However, in some places the incidence of tonsilitis is still high although target of exclusive breastfeeding coverage has been met. This study aimed to determine association between exclusive breastfeeding and the risk of tonsilitis in children under five in Demak, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at 3 Community Health Centers, Demak, Central Java, from March to April 2017. A sample of 35 children under five years old were selected for this study. The dependent variable was the incidence of tonsillitis. The independent variable was history of exclusive breastfeeding. The data were collected by questionnaire. Tonsillitis was determined by history taking and physical examination. The data were analyzed by exact Fisher test. Results: Children without history of exclusive breastfeeding had an increased risk of contracting tonsillitis (OR= 9.58; p= 0.015) compared to those with history of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Provision of exclusive breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of tonsilitis in children under five. Keywords: tonsillitis, exclusive breastfeeding, children under five

Acute Tonsillitis and Bronchitis in Russian Primary Pediatric Care: Prevailing Antibacterial Treatment Tactics and Their Optimization

Inappropriate use of antibiotics in children with acute tonsillitis (AT) and bronchitis is an important cause of the microbial resistance. The aim of the study was to find out pediatricians’ motives in prescribing antibiotics and the extent of their inappropriate use in these cases, as well as maternal attitudes to the use of antibiotics in acute viral respiratory infections (ARI). We also studied in the context of regular primary pediatric care the acceptability to parents of a judicious use of antibiotics. Pediatricians (n=97) attitudes to antibiotics and their practices were studied by a questionnaire in 4 cities of Russia, mothers’ attitudes to antibiotics (n=107) and antibiotic use frequencies were studied in an Oryol polyclinic. Optimization of treatment studies (acute tonsillitis 1577 child-years, acute bronchitis 3303 child-years of observations) were conducted by two co-authors in their capacity of primary pediatric providers (for about a 1000 children each) in a polyclinics of Oryol. Antibiotics were given only to AT cases found positive for hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) by an express-test. Patients with acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis were treated by inhalation of 0.9% or 3% saline solutions. Most (95-100%) pediatricians consider tonsillitis (without bacteriological evidence obtained at the point of care) to be of bacterial origin and treat it with antibiotics - for the fear of GABHS complications, self-protection or as a traditions. About a half of mothers would add antibiotics to whatever else pediatrician prescribes for ARI, 1/3 mothers prefer self-treatment with antibiotics if body temperature is over 38°C. Of tonsillitis patients 80.5% and of bronchitis over 70% - are treated in the outpatient setting with antibiotics. The incidence of tonsillitis was 80 per 1000 children of all ages, the proportion of GABHS-tonsillitis - 27% - only in children above 4 years of age (population incidence 7.5 per 1000). 87% of mothers of GABHS negative children accepted treatment without antibiotics. Similarly, 88.5% of parents of children with bronchiolitis (incidence 113 per 1000 0-2 years old) and acute bronchitis (61 per 1000 0-18 years old) agreed to use only saline inhalations. We conclude that additional attention to mothers (explaining results of the express-test, or teaching how to do inhalation) overcome their fears of withholding antibiotics.

Serious tonsil infections versus tonsillectomy rates in Wales: A 15-year analysis.

INTRODUCTION Sore throat and tonsillitis place a significant burden on the National Health Service. National guideline criteria for gauging the severity of sore throat and tonsillitis have reduced the number of tonsillectomies performed, which is thought to have increased the rate of tonsil-related infections. METHODS Data was extracted from the prospective Patient Episode Database of Wales and analysed to determine the annual number of tonsillectomies for recurrent tonsillitis, adjusted for population changes. Admissions to acute hospitals for tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and deep neck space abscesses were also examined. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2014, hospital admissions for tonsillitis rose three-fold (r=0.968), while admissions for peritonsillar abscess rose by 48% (r=0.857) and retro or parapharyngeal abscess admissions also increased (r=0.709). In contrast, the number of tonsillectomies per 100,000 population gradually decreased (r=-0.16). There was a positive correlation between the incidence of tonsillitis and admissions for peritonsillar abscess (adjusted r2 0.631; p=0.015) and retropharyngeal abscess (adjusted r2 0.442; p=0.00254). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the incidence of tonsillitis and the number of tonsillectomies performed (adjusted r2=-0.07; p=0.0235). CONCLUSIONS The significant rise in tonsillitis in Wales raises the question as to whether we should revisit the criteria for tonsillectomy. The perceived cost saving from limiting certain procedures should not prevent healthcare policymakers from considering all other evidence. The rise in peritonsillar, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess is alarming, as they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Immunization with heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus induced an antibody response mediated by IgG1 and IgG2 in patients with recurrent tonsillitis.

Currently Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Because of an increase in multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus, there is a pressing need for effective treatments and preventive approaches to reduce the risk of invasive and life-threatening infections. A preventive vaccine against S. aureus would have a tremendous clinical impact. However, multiple clinical trials have failed to identify an agent that can induce protective responses. Most trials have been based on subunit vaccines using one or a few purified antigens, which may not be enough to confer protection. Here, the impact of a whole-cell vaccine comprised of heat-inactivated S. aureus was investigated in patients with RT. The vaccine was well tolerated and had no significant local or systemic reactions. Immunization with heat-inactivated S. aureus elicited a significant antibody response characterized by production of IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies and, to a lesser extent, of IgA antibodies. Notably, this response was associated with an important decrease in the incidence of tonsillitis and bacterial colonization of the oropharyngeal mucosa. Our results show that whole-cell inactivated S. aureus is safe and capable of evoking specific antibody responses in patients with recurrent tonsillitis.

Fine-Needle Aspiration in Recurrent Tonsillitis

The incidence of tonsillitis that is unresponsive to penicillin therapy is leading to concern. This phenomenon has been linked to a change in the core tonsil bacteria, in particular beta-lactamase production. To date, the only way to identify the presence of these resistant microbes is at tonsillectomy. In this prospective study, we performed fine-needle tonsil aspiration in 34 patients (mean age, 7.6 years) before tonsillectomy. The bacteriologic nature of the aspirate was compared with that obtained from culturing the tonsillar surface (in situ) and core of the resected tonsils. The bacteriologic findings of the aspirate corresponded closely with those of the tonsil core (qualitative and quantitative comparison), while the superficial swab was of limited value in predicting the core bacteria. Based on this study, tonsil fine-needle aspiration may have a place in the treatment of recurrent tonsillitis.

Genetic and environmental factors in the development of Behcet's disease.

Analysis of HLA antigens and case control study were performed in 50 patients with Behcet's disease. Frequency of HLA-Bw51 was significantly increased in the patients (52.0%) as compared to that in the control subjects (16.0%). In case control study, the incidence of tonsillitis, and use of public bath and a privy were more frequently seen in the patients than in the controls. The patients were frequently exposed to agricultural chemicals before onset of the disease. Daily ingestion of vegetable salad and milk was less frequent in the patients than in the controls. Heterogeneity of Behcet's disease and results of multivariate analysis for selected variables were discussed.

Unilateral immediate tonsillectomy as the treatment of peritonsillar abscess: results, with special attention to pharyngitis.

The results of unilateral immediate tonsillectomy, as the routine treatment of peritonsillar abscess, were studied in 47 patients with no previous history of serious tonsillitis. The follow-up was carried out between three and four years after operation. The incidence of tonsillitis in the contralateral tonsil remained unchanged and peritonsillar abscess did not occur in that tonsil. Symptoms of pharyngitis, periodic or chronic, were present in three patients only. This was found to be significantly lower than that found in the literature in a similar group of patients in whom bilateral immediate tonsillectomy had been performed. The results are discussed and the authors recommend unilateral immediate tonsillectomy in cases of peritonsillar abscess in all patients with no previous history of serious tonsillitis, as this apparently prevents the troublesome side-effects of chronic pharyngitis.