Incidence Of Time-loss Injuries Research Articles

English

Introduction: MotoGP (Moto Grand Prix) is the premier class of motorcycle road racing events held on road circuits over a distance between 100 and 130 kilometers. Despite its worldwide popularity, there are only few studies published in the scientific literature, thus the aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about epidemiological data regarding the injuries of MotoGP riders. Material and method: Riders involved in the Moto Grand Prix (MotoGP) World Championships 2019, 2020, and 2021 were studied for time-loss injuries (TLI) by searching the official websites of riders themselves, races, sports newspapers. Results: Twenty-nine riders (age 28.0±4.7 yrs; BMI 21.8±1.2 kg/m2) with 11.8±8.2 yrs of experience in MotoGP and in motor racing championships, participated in the MotoGP World Championships 2019, 2020 and 2021. They reported 26 TLI during races, without difference between race and pre-race practice. TLI prevalence tends to increase linearly as riders participate in more than one subsequent Championship (R2 = 0.998; p<0.001), with a risk of 100% through the entire career. Incidence of TLI was 21.2/1000 hours of race (CI 95%: 9.7-32.8). TLI were classified as contusions (35%), bone fractures (32%), sprains (10%), contussions (10%), compartment syndromes (6%) and reopening of surgical wound (3%). Fractures accounted for 1.5% of the falls in the 2019-2021 championships and for 59% of TLI in career, affecting the upper limb in 62% of cases of fractures. Injuries were due to lowside (46%), collisions (38%), highside (8%), speed wobble (4%) and gust of wind (4%). The median absence from trainings and competitions due to TLI was 18 days (range 1-271). Conclusions: Training sessions and testing are equally occasions for TLI and should be considered for prevention and safety promotion of MotoGP riders

Epidemiology of Injuries in Elite Male Futsal Players.

This study aimed to describe and characterize injuries sustained by elite male futsal players in Portugal. Prospective cohort study. Top-tier Portuguese league in the 2019 to 2020 season. One hundred sixty-seven players from 9 elite/international-level (tier 4) futsal teams. The location, type, body side, body part, mechanism of injury, severity, occurrence, days lost, training, and match exposure were collected. Injury incidence, prevalence, and burden. The study was conducted during an 8-month season. A total of 133 injuries were recorded, and 92 (67.6%) players sustained injuries. The overall time-loss injury incidence was 4.5 injuries per 1000 hours of exposure. Injury incidence during matches was higher than during training sessions (25.9 vs 3.0 per 1000 hours of exposure, respectively). Average time loss was 9 days, and moderate injuries were the most frequent (44%), followed by mild injuries (24%). Injury burden was 73.8 days lost per 1000 hours of total player exposure. Sprains/ligament (29%) and muscle rupture/tear/strains (32%) were the most common injuries. The groin (19%), thigh (17%), knee (19%), and ankle (15%) were the most affected body areas. Noncontact injuries were the most reported mechanism (65%), and 24% were overuse injuries. This study showed that elite/international-level (tier 4) male futsal players are more prone to noncontact injuries, primarily affecting the lower limbs. The incidence during match play increased by 9-fold compared with training sessions.

The incidence and burden of injury in male adolescent community rugby union in Australia

ABSTRACT Objectives To describe the incidence, location, mechanism and burden of injury in community male adolescent rugby. Methods A prospective cohort injury surveillance study using sports trainers to record ‘any physical complaint’ over three seasons (2018/2019/2021) in 979 U13-U17 community male rugby union players. Results One hundred and fifty-two time-loss injuries (27.6/1000 hours) with an associated burden of 2313 days (419.7 days/1000 hours), 169 non-time loss medical attention (30.1/1000 hours) and 813 physical complaints (147.5/1000 hours) were recorded from 5511.7 exposure hours (matches 3932.5 hours, training 1579.2 hours). Time-loss injury incidence was highest in U16 (45/1000 hours) and lowest in U17 (16.6/1000 hours), with U17 significantly lower than U16 and U15 age-grades (p < 0.05). Injury burden was greatest in U13 (561.4 days/1000 hours), and significantly higher than U15 and U17 (p < 0.05). Collectively, injury incidence was greatest for the head/neck (11.8/1000 hours), bruise/contusions were most common (8.7/1000 hours) and concussion (4.5/1000 hours) accounted for the greatest injury burden (102 days/1000 hours). Being tackled was the most observed injury mechanism (10.0/1000 hours). Forwards had significantly higher incidence in mild injury (p < 0.01). The total burden (p < 0.001) associated with mild (p < 0.001) and moderate injuries (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in forwards, as was the burden of being tackled (p < 0.001), collisions (p < 0.001), trunk (p < 0.001) and lower limb (p < 0.01) injury locations. In contrast, ruck-related injury burden was greater in backs (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study showed age-grade and positional differences in incidence and burden of injury in community adolescent rugby union. The rate of non-time loss relative to time-loss injury and muscle strain injury in U13-U14s suggests further research into injury risk and maturation in rugby is needed.

The Epidemiology of Injuries in Spanish Rugby Union División de Honor.

Background: We describe and analyze injury incidence, severity, cause of injury, anatomical location, damaged tissue, injury recurrence, and the time and place at which injuries occur over the course of a season. Methods: An observational, descriptive, prospective, nomothetic, and multidimensional study was conducted during the 2018–2019 season with 258 players of the top semiprofessional rugby league in Spain (División de Honor de Rugby). Data were reported by the clubs’ medical services. Reported time-loss injuries were collected. Results: Overall exposure was 4100 h (137 matches), over 35 weeks of competition. A total of 288 injuries were reported, with three of these leading to withdrawal from the sport. A total average of 35.63 days was lost to injury. Overall time-loss injury incidence was 3.41 injuries/1000 h of exposure. Backs suffered 119 injuries corresponding to 3.80 injuries/1000 h of exposure, whilst forwards suffered 169 injuries with 4.27 injuries/1000 h of exposure. Severe injuries were the most frequent injury type. Conclusions: Outcomes confirm that more injuries take place during competition, with these also being more severe in nature. Contact injuries were most frequently suffered, above all, due to tackling or being tackled.

Hamstring injuries in England and Wales elite men's domestic cricket from 2010 to 2019

ObjectivesDescribe hamstring injury incidence across competition formats, activity at time of injury, and time of season, facilitating the identification of injury risk factors in elite men's senior First-Class County Cricket. DesignProspective cohort. MethodsHamstring time loss injury incidence (between format, activity, and time of season) calculated for elite men's senior First-Class County Cricket seasons 2010 to 2019. ResultsThe diagnosis with the highest seasonal incidence was ‘Biceps femoris strain grade 1–2’ (2.5 injuries/100 players). Hamstring injury incidence was highest in One-Day cricket (mean 27.2 injuries/1000 team days). Running between wickets when batting was the activity associated with the highest incidence in the shorter competition formats (8.4 and 4.8 injuries/1000 team days for One-Day and T20, respectively). Bowling delivery stride or follow through was the activity with the highest incidence for longer multi-day Test format (mean 2.3 injuries/1000 team days), although similar incidence was observed across all formats for this activity. Most injuries were sustained at the start of the season (April; 22.7 injuries/1000 team days), with significantly fewer injuries at end of the season (September; 4.1 injuries/1000 team days). ConclusionsSimilar bowling injury incidence across formats suggests hamstring injury risk is associated more with the activity itself, whereas injury risk when batting was susceptible to changes in match intensity. The notably higher (albeit non-significant) incidence in April may allude to a lack of preparedness to meet the physical demands of the start of the season. The findings have practical relevance for practitioners, identifying potential opportunities for preventative strategies.

Match and training injury risk in semi-professional rugby union: A four-year study

ObjectivesDescribe medical-attention and time-loss injuries during matches and training in a Welsh Premiership Rugby Union team. DesignProspective cohort observational study. MethodsInjury incidence, severity, burden, location, type, and cause were determined in sixty-nine players from one semi-professional Rugby Union team. ResultsMedical-attention and time-loss injury incidence was greater for matches (incidence, 95% confidence interval = 122.8, 108.9–138.4 and 99.8, 87.3–114.0) than training (incidence, 95% confidence interval = 2.2, 1.8–2.6 and 1.7, 1.4–2.1) per 1000 player-hours. Injury severity was similar for matches (time-loss ± standard deviation = 24.9 ± 30.8 days) and training (time-loss ± SD = 22.4 ± 29.1 days), with injury burden greater for matches (burden, 95% confidence interval = 3148.8, 3019.8–6479.2) than training (burden, 95% confidence interval = 49.7, 36.7–129.6). Lower-limb time-loss injuries were most common during matches (incidence, 95% confidence interval = 46.0, 37.9–55.9) and training (incidence, 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 1.0–1.7) per 1000 player-hours, whilst upper-limb injuries were most severe in matches (time-loss, 95% confidence interval = 38.8, 28.3–44.4 days) and training (time-loss, 95% confidence interval = 45.9, 17.5–52.7 days). The prevalent cause of contact-injury was tackling (31%) with running (11%) the common cause of non-contact injury. ConclusionsTime-loss match-injury incidence, severity, and burden were similar to data reported in the professional tier, with similar patterns of injuries for location, type, and inciting event. These figures are greater than previously reported for semi-professional Rugby Union, warranting further investigation at this level of play.

Prevalence and incidence of injuries among female cricket players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of the review was to describe the incidence and prevalence of injuries among female cricket players of all ages, participating in all levels of play. Cricket, a bat-and-ball sport, is becoming popular among women of all ages and abilities worldwide. However, cricket participation carries a risk of injury. Injuries negatively affect sport participation, performance, and short- and long-term health and well-being. Injury prevention, therefore, is the key to safe, long-term cricket participation as a physical activity goal. Epidemiological data are needed to underpin evidence-based injury-prevention strategies. Studies reporting incidence and prevalence of injuries in female cricket players of all ages, participating in all levels of play, were included in this review, including studies that report data by sex or by sport. Studies were excluded if they did not have enough data to calculate prevalence or incidence, did not distinguish female injury data from male injury data, focused on athletes participating in other sports, or focused on case studies. A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted according to the JBI and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), EBSCO MasterFILE Premier, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were systematically searched from inception to August 2021. Additionally, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. EBSCO MegaFile Premier, OpenGrey (SIGLE), WorldCat, Grey Matters, Grey Literature, and Google Scholar were searched for gray literature. Full-text articles that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised using tools from JBI, and were extracted and synthesized in narrative summary and tabular format. Three meta-analyses were conducted: injury incidence rates, injury prevalence proportions, and injury incidence proportions. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and the random-effects model. Of the 7057 studies identified, 4256 were screened after duplicates were removed. A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was low for 21 studies. The injury incidence rate for elite cricket was 71.9 (SE 21.3, 95% CI 30.2-113.6) injuries per 1000 player hours, time-loss injury incidence rate was 13.3 (SE 4.4, 95% CI 4.6-22.0) injuries per 1000 player hours, and non-time-loss injury incidence rate was 58.5 (SE 16.9, 95% CI 25.6-91.7) injuries per 1000 player hours. The injury prevalence proportion for community to elite cricket was 65.2% (SE 9.3, 95% CI 45.7-82.3) and the injury prevalence proportion for community cricket was 60% (SE 4.5, 95% CI 51.1-68.6). The injury incidence proportion for community cricket was 5.6 (SE 4.4, 95% CI 0.1-18.3) injuries per 10,000 participants. Elite cricket players were more frequently injured than community cricket players. The most prevalent body regions injured were the shoulder and knee, and most were sustained by fast bowlers. Injuries to the hand, wrist, and fingers had the highest incidence and were most sustained by fielders. The study's findings can help stakeholders (including players, coaches, clinicians, and policymakers) make informed decisions about cricket participation by informing and implementing strategies to promote cricket as a vehicle for positive public health outcomes. This review also identified gaps in the available evidence base, and addressing these through future research would enhance women's cricket as a professional sport. PROSPERO CRD42020166052.

Injury incidence and burden during senior inter-provincial field hockey tournaments.

Field hockey is an Olympic sport played internationally and in which South Africa is a participating nation. It also has its own world cup. Few injury studies have been published on South African field hockey. Research efforts should increase within the sport to ensure safe participation and mitigate the inherent injury risks. The objective of the study was to attend the male and female inter-provincial field hockey tournaments in South Africa and determine the incidence of injury and burden of acquired sport injuries (time-loss and medical attention). A quantitative, descriptive, longitudinal study, including 133 females and 139 males, was conducted. Participants completed baseline questionnaires prior to the tournament and post-match questionnaires detailing injuries during the tournament. The recorded injuries were 77.9 (females) and 99.5 (males) per 1 000 player match hours. Medical attention was 51.9 (females) and 70.3 (males) injuries per 1 000 player match hours. The result for time-loss injuries was 4.3 (females) and 7.5 (males) injuries per 1 000 player match hours. The study found high incidence rates of all injuries and medical attention injuries; however, the incidence of time-loss injuries was low in comparison to existing literature. Comparing current results to existing literature is challenging due to the heterogeneity of methodologies and injury definitions in field hockey research. This was the largest observational study in field hockey conducted in South Africa. The international sporting body should establish a consensus for future research and the South African Hockey Association explore long-term surveillance in South Africa to mimic similar national codes.

The South African Rugby Injury and Illness Surveillance and Prevention Project (SARIISPP): SARU Girls' Youth Week Injury Surveillance Report, 2019.

As part of the South African Rugby Injury and Illness Surveillance and Prevention Project (SARIISPP), the annual SARU Youth Week tournaments’ injury data are recorded and investigated by SA Rugby. The BokSmart National Rugby Safety Programme has been collecting and analysing these data annually since 2011 for the SARU Boy’s Youth Week tournaments. In 2015, the SARU Girls’ Youth Week data collection began; this report being the first to analyse the Girls’ Youth Week data.&#x0D; The analysis shows injury patterns over time between tournaments, and collectively, for the girls’ u16 and u18 SARU Youth Weeks. Additionally, the analysis compares the profiles of injured players at each individual tournament. When investigating these patterns, areas of concern are identified, changes in the game, tournament structure or medical support services are considered or contested against the evidence, and injury specific interventions can be created and implemented, where the evidence indicates such a need.&#x0D; Each medical facility at the SARU Youth Week tournaments has a designated researcher onsite, who together with the tournament medical doctors, records the tournament injury data daily. Three injury cases were removed from the analysis. These data were recorded but did not appear to be accurate on follow-up and were therefore removed. Unfortunately, inaccuracy can occur during data collection and measures have been implemented to ensure that this is limited.&#x0D; This 2019 SARU Girls’ Youth Week report focuses on the Girls’ tournaments, comprising of the Girls u16 Week (Gu16W) and Girls u18 Week (Gu18W) held in 2019. The tournaments consisted of 32 teams and 48 matches. Comparisons are made between SARU Girls’ Youth Week tournaments and over time between 2015 and 2019. It must be noted that no Gu16W tournament was held in 2017.&#x0D; In 2019, the Gu16W recorded a higher Time-Loss injury incidence at 22 (11 - 33) [mean (95% confidence intervals)] injuries per 1000 player hours. Gu18W recorded slightly lower Time-Loss injury incidence at 19 (10 – 28) injuries per 1000 player hours. The collective tournament average was measured at 21 (13 to 28) injuries per 1000 player hours. When combining the injury incidence data collected over the five years, Gu18W had a lower Time-Loss injury incidence.&#x0D; In 2019, the Tackler and Open Play, followed by the Ball Carrier, were the most frequent injury-causing events in that order. Tackling front-on (regulation), Tackling LOW side-on, and Tackling LOW front-on, were the most frequent injury causing mechanisms involved in the Tackler phases of play. While Collision in Open Play was the most frequent injury causing mechanism in Open Play.&#x0D; The most common injury type was Central Nervous System injuries, where Gu18W recorded a higher incidence. Head and Neck were the most common injury locations in 2019, accounting for 69% of the injuries, with most of these injuries occurring in the Gu18W. Scrumhalves and flyhalves were the player positions with the highest normalised injury incidence per player per position across all tournaments.&#x0D; As expected, the injury incidence of ‘New’ injuries was higher than subsequent ‘Recurrent’ injuries. The majority of ‘New’ injuries were injuries to the joint, while most ‘Recurrent’ injuries were ligament and joint injuries.&#x0D; Fourteen concussions occurred across the two tournaments in 2019, which has dropped since the spike recorded in 2018. The Gu18W had the higher concussion incidence of the two tournaments. Furthermore, the act of Tackling contributed to 50% of the events causing concussions.&#x0D; The tackle contest is clearly an event that requires additional injury prevention focus for coaches on preparing their younger female players better for rugby, and requires more time spent on teaching them safer techniques and body positions in the tackle contest.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Evaluation of stoppage time due to field injuries in professional football games: do players really need medical help so often?

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the incidence of stoppage time due to field injuries in professional football (soccer) games and to evaluate if the players involved really need medical care and whether team physicians deal with fake injuries. A total of 893 injury time-outs occurred leading to 956 treatments during 266 matches included in the study. The mean stoppage time was 88.7 ± 34.4 seconds. Less than one fifth of the injuries (17.4%) resulted in an impossibility to complete the game. The overall time-loss injury incidence which led players to miss the next game was 9.1/1000 match-hours (n = 80, 8.4% of all injuries). The players on teams in the lead at the time of the incident had significantly higher injury time-out incidence than players on teams who were losing (p < 0.05). Increasing the knowledge of team physicians, coaches, referees, and rule-makers about the medical needs of players during the game will help to identify the behaviour pattern of players.

Temporal trends in incidence of time-loss injuries in four male professional North American sports over 13 seasons

Sports-related injuries increase healthcare cost burden, and in some instances have harmful long term physical and psychological implications. There is currently a lack of comprehensive data on temporal injury trends across professional North American sports. The purpose of this study was to compare temporal trends, according to incidence and time-loss injuries, by body part in professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey. Public injury data from Major League Baseball, National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League from 2007 to December 2019 were extracted and used. A mean of 62.49 injuries per 100 players per season was recorded for all professional sports. The groin/hip/thigh reported the greatest season proportional injury incidence for baseball, football, and ice hockey, with the groin/hip/thigh as the third highest injury incidence in basketball. When stratifying by more specific body part groupings, the knee demonstrated the greatest injury proportional incidence for basketball, football, and ice hockey, with the knee as the third highest proportional injury incidence for baseball. There was an increased in basketball ankle injuries following 2011–2012 season. Football and ice hockey reported the greatest concussion proportion incidence, with football demonstrating an increase in concussions over time, and a substantial increase in concussions from the 2014 to 2015 season. These publicly extracted data and findings can be used as a shared resource for professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey for future individual and across sport collaborations concerning resource allocation and decision making in order to improve player health.

Injury incidence and characteristics for elite, male, artistic USA gymnastics competitions from 2008 to 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the injury incidence and characteristics for elite, male, artistic USA gymnasts during gymnastics competitions, held in the USA, from 2008 to 2018.MethodsInjury documentation performed by lead physician and...

Training injury incidence in an amateur women’s rugby union team in New Zealand over two consecutive seasons

ObjectivesTo describe the training injury incidence in amateur women’s rugby union in New Zealand over two consecutive seasons. DesignA prospective cohort observational study MethodsA total of 69 amateur women’s rugby 15s team playerswere observed. Training exposure and training injury incidence were calculated. ResultsThe 38 training injuries resulted in a total injury incidence of 11.4 (8.3–15.6) per 1,000 training-hours. There were 12 injuries that resulted in a time-loss injury incidence of 3.6 (95% CI: 2.0–6.3) per 1,000 training-hours. Forwards recorded more total (RR: 1.8 [95% CI: 0.9–3.5]; p=0.0516) and time-loss (RR: 2.0 [95% CI: 0.6–6.6]; p=0.2482) injuries than Backs. The tackle was the most common injury cause for total (3.0 [95% CI: 1.6–5.6] per 1,000 training-hours.) injuries, but collisions (1.5 [95% CI: 0.6–3.6] per 1,000 training-hours.) with the ground or another person were the most common cause for time-loss injuries.The training injuries occurred most often to the lower limb and during the latter part of training sessions. These injuries were mostly minor in nature resulting in minimal time-loss away from training. DiscussionThe time-loss injury incidence (3.6 per 1,000 training-hours.) for the amateur women’s rugby 15s team players was higher than that reported for National (1.2 per 1,000 training-hours.) and Rugby World Cup for women (0.2 to 3.0 per 1,000 training-hours.) competitions. ConclusionThe training injury incidence in amateur women’s rugby union in New Zealand was higher than that reported for national and international rugby union injury incidences.

HIP AND GROIN PROBLEMS IN THE PREVIOUS SEASON ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED FUNCTION IN THE BEGINNING OF THE NEW SEASON AMONG PROFESSIONAL FEMALE ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

Hip and groin problems are common in ice hockey but studies on professional female players are sparse. The available literature describes hip and groin problems by reporting incidence of time-loss injuries and may thereby underestimate the scope of these problems, which are often due to overuse and may not lead to absence from ice hockey participation. The purpose of this study was to describe the seasonal prevalence and severity of hip and groin problems in professional female ice hockey players. A further aim was to examine the relation between previous problems and self-reported function in the beginning of the new season. Cross-sectional study. Female ice hockey players from the highest league in Sweden [n=69 (19 goalkeepers, 18 defenders, 30 forwards)], responded to an online survey, retrospectively assessing the prevalence of hip and groin problems (time loss and non-time loss) and their duration during the previous season. Furthermore, players reported current self-reported function on the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Two thirds of the players experienced hip and groin problems during the previous season [62.3% (N=43)]. A quarter of the players experienced a hip and groin problem leading to time loss [26.1% (N=18)]. The majority of problems were of short (1-2 weeks) or medium (3-5 weeks) duration [29% (N=20) of players, respectively], while longstanding problems ( ≥ 6 weeks) were rare [4,4% (N=3)]. Players that retrospectively reported hip and groin problems during the previous season reported statistically significant impairments on all HAGOS subscales in the beginning of the new season (p ≤ 0.011). Hip and groin problems are prevalent in professional female ice hockey players, experienced by 62% during the previous season with resulting time-loss in 26.1%. Reported problems were rarely of longstanding nature, but players who reported problems in the previous season had significantly impaired hip and groin function in the beginning of the new season. Even though results of this study are based on retrospective player reports this may be a first step toward a greater understanding of the true burden of hip and groin players in professional female ice hockey players. 3b.

Epidemiology of Traumatic and Overuse Injuries in Swiss Professional Male Ice Hockey Players.

Background:Ice hockey injury patterns in Europe were last evaluated in the 1990s.Purpose:The aim of this study was to assess the frequency, type, location, and incidence of traumatic injuries, as well as the prevalence and relative effect of overuse injuries in professional male ice hockey players.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Methods:Traumatic injuries were assessed using a standardized injury report form over a 1-year period (including the preparatory phase and season). The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire was used to determine overall and substantial overuse injuries and their relative effect on ice hockey players.Results:Five Swiss National League teams participated in the study. From a total of 321 recorded injuries, 179 led to time loss from sport. The game-related time-loss injury incidence during the season was 88.6/1000 player-game hours.Time-loss injuries affected mainly the hip/groin/thigh region (23%), followed by the head (17%). Most time-loss injuries were classified as muscle strains (24%), followed by concussions (18%). The most common injury mechanism involved collision with an opponent’s body (31%), and right forward players (23%) were most likely to report a game-related injury. Most injuries (27%) occurred within the defending zone along the boards. The average prevalence rates of all overuse and substantial overuse injuries were 49% and 13%, respectively. The hip/groin displayed the highest average prevalence for all overuse problems (16%), translating to the highest relative effect.Conclusion:Muscle strains and concussions were the most frequent time-loss injuries in Swiss professional ice hockey players. The hip/groin was the most affected region for both traumatic and overuse injuries.

Negative association between injuries and team success in professional cricket: A 9-year prospective cohort analysis

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between injuries and team success in professional cricket. DesignProspective cohort analysis. MethodsA prospective cohort of all match time-loss injuries and County Championship point tallies for nine seasons (from 2010 to 2018 inclusive) for all 18 First-Class County Cricket (FCCC) cricket teams in England and Wales. Two injury measures of match time-loss injury incidence and burden were assessed for within-team (linear mixed model on season-to-season changes) and between-team (correlation on differences averaged over all seasons) effects. County Championship league points tally was used as the measure of team success. ResultsA moderate negative correlation was found between injury burden and team performance (r=−0.36; 90% CI −0.66 to 0.05; likely negative, P=0.15). A reduction in match injury incidence of 2 match time-loss injuries per 1000 days of play (90% CI 1.4–2.9, P=0.10) within a team, or a reduction in match injury burden of 75 days per 1000 days of play (90% CI 50–109, P=0.053) in any given season was associated with the smallest worthwhile change in County Championship points (+13 points) for Division 1, but not for Division 2. ConclusionModerate reductions in injury burden are associated with potentially worthwhile effects on performance for a domestic cricket team in the County Championship Division 1.

Injury and Player Availability in Women's International Pathway Cricket from 2015 to 2019.

This prospective cohort study aimed to describe injury and illness epidemiology within women's international pathway cricket, understanding what influences player availability in this unique context where players are contracted part-time. Approximately 8.4% of players were impacted by injury or illness during the year, with an average 2.3% of players completely unavailable on any given day. Most medical complaints occurred during training (111.2 injuries/100 players per year). Of all complaints, medical illness had the highest overall incidence (45.0 complaints/100 players), followed by hand injuries (24.7 injuries/100 players). Gradual onset injuries were most common. Overall average match time-loss complaint prevalence rate was 4.1% and average match time-loss injury incidence rate was 7.0 injuries/1000 days of play. Fielding (56.4 injuries/100 players per year) was the activity resulting in the highest average overall and time-loss injury incidence rates, though 'other' activities (e. g. those occurring outside of cricket participation) collectively accounted for 78.3 injuries/100 players per year. The high incidence of medical illness relative to other complaints may be a distinct feature of the women's cricket international pathway compared to other cricket samples. The high occurrence of injuries arising from 'other' activities, likely due to part-time participation, presents an opportunity for targeted injury prevention strategies.• The first study on an international women's cricket pathway, contributes to the empirical base for specific injury risks associated with the women's cricket game, which is an emerging research area for a developing sport.• Some of the findings may be a distinct feature of the women's cricket international pathway, highlighting potential opportunities for targeted prevention strategies.• With the upcoming development of an elite domestic structure these preliminary findings will provide a good starting point for physiotherapy and medical staff working in these contexts.

Examination of Sleep and Injury Among College Football Athletes.

Burke, TM, Lisman, PJ, Maguire, K, Skeiky, L, Choynowski, JJ, CapaldiII, VF, Wilder, JN, Brager, AJ, and Dobrosielski, DA. Examination of sleep and injury among college football athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 609-616, 2020-The purpose of this study was to characterize subjective sleep metrics in collegiate football players at the start of the season, determine the relationship between preseason subjective sleep measures and in-season objective sleep characteristics, and examine the association between subjective and objective sleep metrics and incidence of time-loss injury during the competitive season. Ninety-four Division I football players completed 5 validated sleep-related questionnaires to assess sleep quality, insomnia severity, daytime sleepiness, sleep apnea risk, and circadian preference before the start of the season. Clinical thresholds for sleep questionnaires were used to determine risk of sleep disorders. Continuous wrist actigraphy was collected throughout the season to generalize sleep behaviors. Time-loss injury incidence data were recorded and used for analysis. Results indicated that 67.4% (60 of 89) of athletes scored above clinical threshold in at least 1 questionnaire to indicate sleep disorder risk. At the start of the season, players subjectively reported an average sleep duration of 7:16 ± 1:18 hours:minutes, which was in contrast to the 6:04 ± 0:41 hours:minutes measured through actigraphy during the season. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and body mass index revealed no significant associations between injury and subjective (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-1.01) and objective (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.99-1.02) sleep duration or measures attained from sleep questionnaires (ORs ranged from 1.01 to 2.87). Sleep metrics (quantity and quality) were not associated with increased risk of injury in this cohort of collegiate football players.

Time-Loss Injuries in Karate: A Prospective Cohort Study of 4 Consecutive World Karate Championships.

Background:Prospective studies on injuries in martial arts competitions are scarce, especially those involving time-loss injuries. The upsurge of karate athletes competing in top-level karate competitions warrants elucidation of the time-loss injury risk.Purpose:To determine the time-loss injury proportion and incidence rate, describe the injury pattern among elite senior karate athletes, and compare the risk of time-loss injuries in male versus female athletes and in individual (ie, weight categories) versus team competitions (free-weight category).Study Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Methods:Data were collected at 4 consecutive World Karate Championships (2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016). Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (IIRAE) and per 1000 minutes of exposure (IIRME), with 95% CIs. Subgroups were compared by calculating their rate ratios with 95% CIs.Results:A total of 506 injuries were recorded, of which 51 were time-loss injuries (10%). The overall time-loss injury rate was significantly lower for female versus male athletes and slightly lower for team versus individual competitions. Overall, 1.4% of all athletes sustained a time-loss injury, and the IIRAE and IIRME were 5.13 (95% CI, 3.82-6.74) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.47-2.60), respectively. The most common type of time-loss injury was fracture (41%), followed by dislocation (20%) and concussion (12%).Conclusion:The time-loss injury incidence rate for top-level karate competitions found in this prospective study was relatively low. Comprehensive knowledge about the incidence of time-loss injuries during karate competitions represents an essential basis to develop effective strategies for injury prevention. Thus, the introduction of a uniform injury surveillance system in martial arts is of utmost importance.

Involving research-invested clinicians in data collection affects injury incidence in youth football.

It is well established that differences in injury definition and recording methodology restrict comparisons between injury surveillance programmes. There is, however, little documentation of the variation that can exist between data recorders. The aim of this study was, therefore, to explore the effect on reported injuries when team recorders or supervisors are involved in research. Injury data collected prospectively over five seasons for the U16, U17, and U18 age groups in a youth football (soccer) academy were used to compare different recording settings based on the research involvement of the clinicians. A research-invested team physiotherapist reported an 8.8 times greater incidence (P<0.001) of non-time-loss injuries and a 2.5 times greater incidence (P<0.001) of minimal injuries (1-3days lost) compared to a setting where neither the team physiotherapists nor the supervisor relied on the collected data for research purposes. When team physiotherapists were not invested in research themselves but were supervised by a researcher, the incidence of non-time-loss injuries and minimal injuries was 2.5 times (P<0.001) and 2.0 times greater (P<0.01) than in the non-invested setting, respectively. However, there were no differences between recording settings for overall incidence of time-loss injuries. The results from this study demonstrate that involving clinicians that are relying on the collected data for research purposes can significantly affect the reported rates of non-time-loss and minimal injuries. Time-loss injuries overall were not affected by research investment, and should therefore be preferred for comparisons between teams and seasons.