Incidence Of Serious Injuries Research Articles

Risk of burns in pressure cooker usage: a comprehensive analysis of explosive injuries.

Despite the widespread use of pressure cookers for quick and efficient cooking, literature has insufficiently highlighted the potential dangers resulting from inappropriate handling. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of 32 patients who presented with pressure cooker burns, emphasizing the serious risks associated with their misuse. Retrospective data were collected from patients admitted to Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital Burn Center between 2017 and 2020 with pressure cooker burns in Türkiye. Data encompassed patient characteristics, burn causes, locations, severities, treatments, and clinical outcomes. The study included 32 patients (29 female/3 male) with a mean age of 42.3 (8-83). Patients were categorized based on burn areas, revealing associated injuries such as ocular (34.3%) and ear injuries (6.25%). The average hospital stay was 10.5 days [2-37]. While five pressure cookers exploded due to product-related issues, 26 explosions resulted from user errors (15.6%/81.2%). Importantly, no mortality was observed among the patients. While pressure cookers facilitate rapid food preparation, this study underscores the severe risks arising from product or usage errors. This study emphasizes the need for more effective usage instructions and increased awareness about pressure cookers to prevent burn risks. We anticipate that educational programs focused on safe pressure cooker use could significantly reduce the incidence of serious injuries.

Characterizing Incident Responder Crashes Involving Move Over Law Violations

This research sought to understand secondary crashes involving incident responders in which a citation was issued for violation of Florida’s Move Over Law. From 2011 to 2020, there were 519 crashes involving a Move Over Law citation, for which the circumstances of the crashes had required a driver to slow or change lanes because of a stopped responder vehicle. The majority occurred during times other than daylight, and driver distraction and alcohol were notably present in the data. Alcohol increased crash and injury severity and the likelihood of injury. Law enforcement traffic stops were the most common precipitating activity, followed by previous crashes and vehicle disablements. Over two-thirds of crashes involved a law enforcement vehicle, the remainder comprised other responder vehicle types. A distribution of posted speed limits showed that more than half of move over violation crashes occurred on roadways with a posted speed of 45 mph or less. In 41 crashes, a pedestrian was struck, including 32 involving incident responders. In responder struck-by crashes, law enforcement officers, lack of high-visibility safety apparel, and operating on the traffic side of incident scenes were prominent. Local roadways comprised a significant number of struck-by crashes, but higher-speed roadways were more dangerous for towing operators and had higher incidence of serious injuries. The move over violation approach to filtering crash data for responder-involved incidents was valid, however, not every crash involving a responder resulted in a move over citation, so the approach was more representative of the responder-involved crash type than comprehensive.

Systematic review of dog bite prevention strategies

BackgroundThe prevention of dog bites is an increasingly important public health topic, as the incidence of serious injury continues to rise.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent dog bites...

Incidence of seriously injured road users in a Swedish region, 2003\u20132014, from the perspective of a national road safety policy

BackgroundSince 1997 Sweden has a policy for road safety called Vision Zero. Given that Vision Zero is mainly used to reduce fatalities among car occupants, the question has been raised by the research community whether a Vision Zero approach promotes health for all road traffic users. The objective is to measure target fulfilment of the national road safety policy for a Swedish region by examining incidence of serious injury during 2003–2014 in rural and urban road spaces with or without implemented measures.MethodsData on seriously injured road users, defined as ISS > 8 (Injury Severity Score), were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) together with data from NVDB (National Road Database). These data are used to describe where road users are seriously injured in relation to implemented national policy and using a conceptual model of a road space comprising roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling. Seriously injured road users in single and multiple crashes with and without vehicles are included. The development of the incidence is analysed for different road users and places in the road space.ResultsDespite implemented road safety measures in the region, the incidence of seriously injured road users per 100,000 inhabitants in rural areas increased from 7.8 in 2003 to 9.3 in 2014 but doubled in urban areas from 8.0 in to 16.3 respectively. In areas not transformed by Vision Zero, only 36% were injured in rural areas while 64% were injured in urban areas. In contrast, in transformed areas 61% of injuries occurred in rural areas, whereas 39% occurred in urban areas. While the incidence decreased for car occupants on transformed national roads in rural areas, the incidence of serious injuries increased among unprotected road users in urban areas, in particular on pavements and tracks for cycling and walking than on the roads where Vision Zero had been implemented.ConclusionThe reduction in the incidence for car occupants in the region may not be adequate to contribute to fulfilling the national target. More needs to be done, especially in the urban areas, where more active mobility is desired.

Evaluation of differences in injury patterns according to seat position in trauma victims survived traffic accidents

PurposeInvestigation of injury patterns epidemiology among car occupants may help to develop different therapeutic approach according to the seat position. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare differences in the incidence of serious injuries, between occupants in different locations in private cars. MethodsA retrospective study including trauma patients who were involved in motor vehicle accidents and admitted alive to 20 hospitals (6 level Ⅰ trauma centers and 14 level Ⅱ trauma centers). We examined the incidence of injures with abbreviated injury score 3 and more, and compared their occurrence between seat locations. ResultsThe study included 28,653 trauma patients, drivers account for 60.8% (17,417). Front passenger mortality was 0.47% higher than in drivers. Rear seat passengers were at greater risk (10.26%) for traumatic brain injuries than front seat passengers (7.48%) and drivers (7.01%). Drivers are less likely to suffer from serious abdominal injuries (3.84%) compared to the passengers (front passengers - 5.91%, rear passengers – 5.46%). ConclusionOut of victims who arrived alive to the hospital, highest mortality was found in front seat passengers. The rate of serious chest injuries was higher as well. Rear seat passengers are at greater risk for serious traumatic brain injuries. All passengers have a greater incidence of abdominal injuries. These findings need to be addressed in order to develop “customized” therapeutic policy in trauma victims.

Real-time simulation of construction workers using combined human body and hand tracking for robotic construction worker system

Abstract Construction is an inherently less safe sector than other sectors because it exposes workers to harsh and dangerous working environments. The nature of the construction industry results in a comparatively high incidence of serious injuries and death caused by falls from a height, musculoskeletal disorders and being struck by objects. This paper presents a new concept that can tackle this problem in the future. The central hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to eliminate injuries if we move the human construction worker off-site and remotely link his/her motions to a Robotic Construction Worker (RCW) on-site. As a first steppingstone towards this ultimate goal, two systems essential for the RCW were developed in this study. First, a novel system that combines 3D body and hand position tracking was developed to capture the movements of human construction worker. This combination of tracking enables the capture of changes in the orientations and articulations of the entire human body. Second, a real-time simulation system that connects a human construction worker off-site to a virtual RCW was developed to demonstrate the proposed concept in a variety of construction scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the future viability of the RCW concept and indicate the promise of this system for eliminating the health and safety risks faced by human construction workers.

Prevalence and risk factor for injury in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicountry study

IntroductionInjury-related morbidity is a neglected health concern in many low-income and middle-income countries. Most injury data in Africa have been collected from hospital-based studies, and few studies have occurred across...

Early Sport Specialization: Effectiveness and Risk of Injury in Professional Baseball Players.

Background:The rate of early sport specialization in professional baseball players is unknown.Purpose:To report the incidence and age of sport specialization in current professional baseball players and the impact of early specialization on the frequency of serious injuries sustained during the players’ careers. We also queried participants about when serious injuries occurred, the players’ current position on the field, and their opinions regarding the need for young athletes to specialize early to play at the professional level.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiological study.Methods:A total of 102 current professional baseball players anonymously completed a 7-question written survey. Early sport specialization was defined as “single-sport participation prior to high school.” Injury was defined as “a serious injury or surgery that required the player to refrain from sports (baseball) for an entire year.” Chi-square tests were used to investigate the risk of injury in those who specialized early in baseball versus those who did not. Independent-sample t tests were used to compare injury rates based on current player position.Results:Fifty (48%) baseball players specialized early. The mean age at initiation of sport specialization was 8.91 years (SD, 3.7 years). Those who specialized early reported more serious injuries (mean, 0.54; SD, 0.838) during their professional baseball career than those who did not (mean, 0.23; SD, 0.425) (P = .044). Finally, 63.4% of the queried players believed that early sport specialization was not required to play professional baseball.Conclusion:Our study demonstrated a statistically significant higher rate of serious injury during a baseball player’s professional career in those players who specialized early. Most current professional baseball players surveyed believed that sport specialization was not required prior to high school to master the skills needed to play at the professional level. Our findings demonstrate an increased incidence of serious injuries in professional baseball players who specialized in baseball prior to high school. Youth baseball athletes should be encouraged not to participate in a single sport given the potential for an increased incidence of serious injuries later in their careers. No data are available to suggest that early specialization is needed to reach the professional level.

Compelling overuse injury incidence in youth multisport athletes

The present investigation was carried out to examine the incidence and pattern of injuries in adolescent multisport athletes from youth sports academy. Injury data were prospectively collected from 166 athletes during the seasons from 2009 to 2014. A total of 643 injuries were identified, 559 (87.0%) were time-loss injuries. The overall injury incidence was 5.5 (95% confidence interval CI: 5.1–6.0), the incidence of time-loss injuries was 4.8 (95% CI: 4.4–5.2), the incidence of growth conditions was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) and incidence of serious injuries was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.8) per 1000 h of exposure. The prevalence of overuse injuries was 50.3%. Growth conditions represented 20.0%. Most of the injuries (67.0%) involved the lower extremities, and both foot and ankle were the most predominant injured body parts (22.0%). Knee injuries were mostly from overuse (50 vs. 23, p = .02), whereas foot and ankle injuries resulted from an acute mechanism (94 vs. 31, p < .0001). Minor and moderate injuries accounted for 87.0%. Muscle, tendon and osteochondrosis injuries accounted for 52.0% of all injuries. Comparing groups, squash sport was having the highest injury incidence (8.5 injuries per athlete). Higher exposure was associated with greater overuse relative risk (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.014, p < .001). In conclusion, the results of this study identified a high incidence of injuries in this youth sports population. Striking was the prevalence of overuse injuries of 50%, which suggests the need for injury prevention protocols for adolescent highly trained athletes.

Lawnmowers Versus Children: The Devastation Continues.

Accidents with lawnmowers can cause mutilating injuries to children. Safety guidelines regarding the use of lawnmowers were promoted by professional organizations beginning in 2001. The Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation maintains a database including all admissions to accredited Levels 1 to 4 trauma centers in the state. The annual rates of admission for children in our state and the severity of injuries subsequent to introduction of safety guidelines have not been reported, to our knowledge. Ride-on lawnmowers have been associated with more severe injuries in children. We asked: (1) What was the incidence of hospital admissions for children with lawnmower-related injuries during 2002 to 2013 and did the incidence vary by age? (2) What was the severity of injuries and did the severity vary by age? (3) How often did these injuries result in amputation? (4) What types of lawnmowers were involved? This was a retrospective study using a statewide trauma registry. We queried the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study database for children 0 to 17 years old admitted to trauma centers in Pennsylvania between January 2002 and January 2014 with injuries resulting from lawnmower-related accidents. All accredited Levels 1 to 4 trauma centers in the state are required to submit their data to the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation which maintains the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study database. Demographic information, Injury Severity Scores, International Classification of Diseases procedure codes, and injury location codes were recorded. Type of lawnmower was determined from the narratives and was identified in 60% (119/199) of patients. Traumatic and surgical amputations performed during the index hospitalization were included in the analysis. Information on later surgeries was not available. Subjects were stratified by age: 0 to 6, 7 to 12, and 13 to 17 years old. The incidence of lawnmower injuries in Pennsylvania was a median five of 100,000 children (range, 4-12/100,000) during the study period. The median age was 6 years (range, 1-17 years). The median Injury Severity Score was 4 (range, 1-75). Children 0 to 6 years old had higher median Injury Severity Scores (median, 8; range, 1-75) compared with those 13-17 years old (median, 4; range, 1-20; difference of the medians, 4; p < 0.001). A total of 53% of the patients (106/199) underwent at least one amputation. There were 83 amputations in or of the foot, 18 in the leg, 14 in the hand, and three in the arm. Ride-on lawnmowers accounted for 92% (110/119) of mowers identified by type. The incidence of serious injuries to children owing to lawnmower-related trauma did not change during the 12-year study period. If children younger than 6 years had not been near the lawnmower and those younger than 12 years had not been operating one, at least 69% of the accidents might have been prevented. We recommend annual publicity campaigns during spring to remind the public of the dangers of lawnmowers to children. Level IV, therapeutic study.

要介護者における転倒による重篤な外傷の発生頻度および特徴:～医療・介護を要する在宅患者の転倒に関する多施設共同前向き研究（J-FALLS）～

【Objective】To determine the incidence and characteristics of serious fall-related injuries, such as fractures, in elderly patients under home nursing care.【Methods】A prospective cohort study with a one-year follow-up was conducted. A total of 1,415 outpatients under long-term care insurance were recruited from 43 hospitals in Japan. The annual incidence of fractures, injuries leading to hospitalization, and deaths due to falling using a fall diary, as well as the details of falls leading to injuries, were investigated. The condition of patients 6 months after the onset of serious injuries was also analyzed.【Results】Incidence of serious injuries (patients with serious injuries/ total patients × 100 %) was 6.6 % (n=94), 8.93/100 person-years. Incidence of fractures was 6.0 % (n=85), 8.08/100 person-years; injuries leading to hospitalization was 3.3 % (n=47), 4.47/100 person-years; and death was 0 %. Number of fracture regions was 21 in the upper extremities (annual incidence 1.5%), 19 in the vertebra (1.3 %), 16 in the ribs (1.1 %), and 14 in the hips (1.0%). Of all falls leading to serious injuries, 63 occurred indoors (67.0%), including 19 in the living room (20.2 %). Falls occurred most frequently during walking (39.4 %), followed by starting to walk (13.8 %) and standing up (13.8%). Falling mostly occurred due to loss of balance (66 %). Most frequent behavior leading to falling was excretion (14.9%), followed by picking up things (12.8%). Falls occurred mostly on wooden floors (27.7%), followed by concrete (18.1%). At 6 months after the onset of serious injuries, patients under home care accounted for 81.6 %, those hospitalized 13.8 %, and those under nursing home 4.6 %. Mobility and level of care required significantly worsened after onset of serious injuries (p ＜ 0.001).【Conclusions】Japanese patients under home nursing care had about a three-fold higher incidence of fall-related serious injuries than those of community-dwelling people. Mobility significantly worsened after the onset of serious injuries and 81.6 % of the injured were under home care. Language: ja

Horse-related trauma in children and adults during a two year period.

IntroductionHorse riding, with almost 200,000 participants, is the eighth most popular sport in Sweden. Severe injuries can occur with horse riding accidents which is well documented. This study was undertaken to investigate if injuries associated with horse riding are common, which type of injuries occur, what mechanisms are involved and to estimate the costs to the society.Material and methodsAll patients attending the emergency department at Linköping University Hospital, during the years 2003-2004, due to horse related trauma were prospectively recorded. The patients were divided into two groups according to age, 147 children and 141 adults. The medical records were retrospectively scrutinized.ResultsThe most common mechanism of injury was falling from the horse. Most commonly, minor sprains and soft tissue injuries were seen, but also minor head injuries and fractures, mainly located in the upper limb. In total 26 adults and 37 children were admitted. Of these 63 patients 19 were considered having a serious injury. In total, four patients needed treatment in intensive care units.The total cost in each group was 200,000 Euro/year.ConclusionHorse riding is a sport with well known risks. Our results corresponds to the literature, however we have not observed the same incidence of serious injuries. In contrast we find these to be fairly uncommon. The injuries are mainly minor, with a small risk of long term morbidity. Over time regulations and safety equipment seem to have decreased the number of serious accidents.

The Crash Mechanics of Fatal Motorcycle–Barrier Collisions in Australasia

Motorcyclists contribute significantly to road trauma around the world through the high incidence of serious injuries and fatalities. The role of roadside safety barriers in such trauma is an area of growing concern among motorcyclists, road authorities, and road safety researchers and advocates. This article presents a case series analysis of motorcyclists that were fatally injured following a collision with a roadside barrier during the period 2001 to 2006 in Australia and New Zealand. The crash mechanics of the fatal motorcycle–barrier collisions are detailed, with the aims of providing an understanding of the manner in which these types of crashes occur, informing motorcycle–barrier crash test protocols, and for crash reconstruction purposes. The detailed descriptions of the mechanics of the crashes include barrier and motorcycle types, crash postures, motorcyclist kinematics, precrash speeds, impact trajectory angles, and motorcyclist kinetic energy dissipation on the barrier. Recommendations are made with regards to appropriate motorcycle–barrier crash test protocols.

A success story: New rules and fewer injuries in traditional Leonese Wrestling (2006–2012)

ObjectiveTo analyse the effectiveness of a change in the rules on the incidence of injuries in traditional Leonese Wrestling (LW). Material and methodsCohort study, retrospective (2006–2007) and prospective (2008–2012). The population studied comprised all the male wrestlers over 16 years of age who took part in Winter League competitions in the seasons 2006–2012. Data collected included the number, location and severity of injuries. Classifying them according to location and severity, the incidence of injuries by bouts and falls before and after the change was calculated. The formula for calculating effectiveness was: 1 – relative risk. ResultsOver the 7 seasons, a total of 34 injuries were reported — 9 in the seasons before the change and 25 afterwards. Since the introduction of the new regulations in 2008, no serious upper limb injuries have been reported. Before the change in rules there was an incidence of 10.4 per 1000 bouts and 3.9 for every 1000 falls, the differences being statistically significant (P=.002 and P=.006, respectively). The effectiveness in reducing the incidence of serious injuries was 94% by bouts, and 91% by falls. ConclusionsThe results of this study confirm the importance of a methodological approach for the prevention of injuries; in this case a change in the rules.

Incidence of Serious Injuries Due to Physical Abuse in the United States: 1997 to 2009

Although US child protective services data showed a 55% decrease in the national incidence of substantiated physical abuse from 1992 to 2009, no study has tracked the occurrence of serious injuries due to physical abuse. This study examined changes in the incidence of serious injuries due to physical abuse in hospitalized children from 1997 to 2009. The Kids' Inpatient Database, a sample of discharges from hospitals in the United States, includes International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis and external cause of injury codes; it was prepared every 3 years from 1997 to 2009. Cases of serious physical abuse (eg, abusive head injury) were identified by using injury codes (800-959) and codes for abuse (995.50, 0.54, 0.55, and 0.59), selected assault codes (E960-966, 968), or perpetrator of abuse (E967). The weighted number of hospitalizations due to serious physical abuse was used to calculate the national incidence, and χ(2) for linear trend compared over time the incidence for children <18 years and <1 year of age. The incidence per 100,000 children <18 years of age increased 4.9%: 6.1 (95% confidence interval = 5.4-6.8) for 1997, 6.0 (5.2-6.7) for 2000, 6.0 (5.3-6.7) for 2003, 6.1 (5.3-6.8) for 2006, and 6.4 (5.7-7.2) for 2009 (P < .01). The incidence for children <1 year of age increased 10.9% (P < .05). Over 12 years, when substantiated physical abuse was declining, there was a small increase in the incidence of serious physical abuse in children <18 and <1 year of age.

Incidence of Serious Injuries Due to Physical Abuse in the United States: 1997 to 2009

Incidence of Serious Injuries Due to Physical Abuse in the United States: 1997 to 2009

Falls in Hospitalized Acute Stroke Patients

THE AIM of this study was to analyze the fall frequency and some of its characteristics in hospitalized acute stroke patients. It was analyzed 1809 acute stroke patients hospitalized at the Department of Neurology in period of one year. A fall was defined as any unplanned "touch to the floor" of any part of a patient's body, excluding the feet. Out of 1809 acute stroke patients, 1544 (85.35%) had cerebral infarction (CI) and 265 (14.65%) intracerebral hemorrhage (IH). In group of patients that fell (61/3.3%), 49 (80.33%) had infarction and 12 (19.67%) (p = 0.25) had hemorrhage. Out of 61 patients that fell, 42 (68.86%) suffered from impaired spatial orientation and 47 (77.05) were aphasic. The neurological deficit, impairments of spatial orientation and presents of aphasia were highly correlated with falls (p < 0.001). The most frequent falls occurred by night night (38 or 62.29%) and in the first five days of hospitalization (44 or 72%). In most cases (52%) the falls caused minor injuries like contusion and lacerations of skin and did not require special medical treatment. Hospitalized acute stroke patients have no high risk of falling (3.3%), and the incidence of serious injury is low. The falls are more frequent in the first five days of hospitalization (72%) and occur mostly during the night (62.29%). Severity of neurological deficit, impaired spatial orientation and aphasia are highly correlated with falls.

MDCT findings in sports and recreational accidents

Sports and recreational accidents involving critical areas of the body occur commonly in the general population. Reports on their demographics and recommendations for screening procedures are, however, few. To assess injuries of the craniofacial area, spine, and torso resulting from sports and recreational accidents with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) as primary imaging method in a Level I trauma center. All emergency room CT requests over a time span of 105 months were reviewed retrospectively for trauma mechanism and injury. Patients were identified using an electronic picture archiving and communications system (PACS), and MDCT studies interpreted by two radiologists independently. Of a total of 5898 patients, 492 patients (301 boys/men, 191 girls/women, age range 2-76 years, mean 33.5 years, median 29.5 years) with sports or recreational accidents emerged. A total of 102 traumatic findings were diagnosed, thereof 72 (71%) serious. The three most commonly encountered serious injuries were intracranial injury, fractures of facial bones, and vertebral injuries. The three most common injury mechanisms were bicycling, horseback riding, and team ball sports. Patients from recreational activities were on average significantly younger (29.2 years) than those from sports accidents (36.9 years; P < 0.001). Only age groups <21 years and 41-50 years differed in injury severity from the other age groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.063, respectively). Of all trauma mechanisms, only bicycling had a significantly increased risk of injury (P < 0.001). Injuries in sports and recreational accidents presented with an overall incidence of 21%, of which 71% are serious. The most common mechanisms of injury were bicycling, horseback riding, and team ball sports. The largest incidence of serious injury involved bicycling. Because of the high probability of a serious injury and the high energies that are often involved in these accidents, we recommend ruling out of internal injury by MDCT as the primary imaging modality.

Fatality Risk for Motorcyclists in Fixed Object Collisions

Motorcyclists contribute significantly to road trauma around the world through the high incidence of serious injuries and fatalities. Around one fourth of motorcyclist fatalities may be attributed to collisions with fixed objects. A greater understanding of factors associated with fatalities occurring from fixed object collisions will enable safer roadway infrastructure design for motorcyclists. In this article, a multiple variable logistic regression model is developed to determine such factors, from a nationally representative weighted sample of around 30,000 single-vehicle fixed object motorcycle collisions which occurred in the United States over the 10-year period between 2000 and 2009. Additionally, a single variable logistic regression model is developed for motorcyclist fatality risk from fixed object collisions as a function of travel speed. This model may be a useful predictive tool for implementing motorcyclist safety strategies.

Injury typology of fatal motorcycle collisions with roadside barriers in Australia and New Zealand

Motorcyclists contribute significantly to road trauma around the world through the high incidence of serious injuries and fatalities. The role of roadside safety barriers in such trauma is an area of growing concern amongst motorcyclists, road authorities and road safety researchers and advocates. This paper presents a case series analysis of motorcyclists that were fatally injured following a collision with a roadside barrier during the period 2001–2006 in Australia and New Zealand. Injury profiles and severities are detailed, and associations with crash characteristics are investigated. It is shown that the thorax region had the highest incidence of injury and the highest incidence of maximum injury in fatal motorcycle-barrier crashes, followed by the head region. This is in contrast to fatal motorcycle crashes in all single- and multi-vehicle crash modes, where head injury predominates. The injury profiles of motorcyclists that slid into barriers and those that collided with barriers in the upright posture were similar. However, those that slid in were more likely to receive thorax and pelvis injuries.