Incidence Of Secondary Fractures Research Articles

The Impact of Diabetes on Osteoporosis Management and Secondary Fracture Risk After Primary Fragility Fractures: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.

Rates of osteoporosis evaluation and management after primary fragility fractures have remained low in recent years. The extent to which this treatment gap affects patients with diabetes is unclear. This study aimed to compare the risk of secondary fractures and rates of osteoporosis diagnosis and management after sentinel fractures in patients with and without diabetes. A propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted using the PearlDiver database. Patients aged 50 years and older with primary fragility fractures of the hip, wrist, spine, pelvis, humerus, and other locations were identified. Rates of secondary fractures, dual radiograph absorptiometry (DXA) scans, charted osteoporosis diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions), and osteoporosis pharmacotherapy within 2 years were compared for patients with and without diabetes using multivariable logistic regression. Matching yielded 27,052 patients in each cohort. Index humerus fractures were more common in the diabetic cohort (15.0% versus 11.6%, P < 0.001), whereas wrist fractures were more prevalent among the nondiabetic cohort (15.2% versus 19.3%, P < 0.001). Incidence of secondary fractures at 2 years was higher for diabetic patients than nondiabetic patients (5.2% versus 4.7%; odds ratio [OR] 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.17). Diabetic patients were significantly less likely to receive a DXA scan (13.2% versus 13.5%; OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98), be diagnosed with osteoporosis (9.3% versus 11.9%; OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.82), or start pharmacotherapy (8.1% versus 8.7; OR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.99). Despite diabetes being a well-established risk factor for fragility fractures, diabetic patients were significantly less likely to receive DXA scan evaluation, be formally diagnosed with osteoporosis, or be treated with osteoporosis pharmacotherapy after a sentinel fragility fracture. Incidence of secondary fractures within 2 years was also higher among diabetic patients.

A Simple Procedure for a Common Problem: Screw/Blade Exchange for Symptomatic Lateral Hardware Associated With Fracture Compression Following Dynamic Cephalomedullary Fixation of Pertrochanteric Hip Fractures

A Simple Procedure for a Common Problem: Screw/Blade Exchange for Symptomatic Lateral Hardware Associated With Fracture Compression Following Dynamic Cephalomedullary Fixation of Pertrochanteric Hip Fractures

Age at the time of hip fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is 4 years greater than it was 10 years before, but is still younger than that of the general population

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of hip fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, 789 hip fractures were treated at our hospital. Patients with RA were checked and their characteristics were compared with data recorded 10 years before, and with the general population.Results: There were 11 patients with RA, who were all female, and the mean age was 76 ± 7.0 years. The age at the time of hip fracture was 4 years older than that recorded 10 years before (72 ± 4.5 years, p < .05), but was younger than that of the general population (84 ± 8.0 years, p < .001). The mean prednisolone dose of 2.5 ± 2.6 mg/day was lower than that recorded 10 years before (4.8 ± 2.9 mg/day, p < .05). The rate of patients treated with anti-osteoporotic medications at fracture (73%) was higher than 10 years before (42%); however, the difference was not significant. The incidence of secondary fracture was not high compared to the general population. No mortality was recorded at 1 year, and no infective complications occurred.Conclusion: The age at the time of hip fracture in RA patients is increasing, but is still younger than that of the general population.

The incidence of secondary vertebral fracture of vertebral augmentation techniques versus conservative treatment for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) are minimally invasive and effective vertebral augmentation techniques for managing osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Recent meta-analyses have compared the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures between patients treated with vertebral augmentation techniques or conservative treatment; however, the inclusions were not thorough and rigorous enough, and the effects of each technique on the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures remain unclear. To perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies with more rigorous inclusion criteria on the effects of vertebral augmentation techniques and conservative treatment for OVCF on the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library database were searched for relevant original articles comparing the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures between vertebral augmentation techniques and conservative treatment for patients with OVCFs. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) were identified. The methodological qualities of the studies were evaluated, relevant data were extracted and recorded, and an appropriate meta-analysis was conducted. A total of 13 articles were included. The pooled results from included studies showed no statistically significant differences in the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures between patients treated with vertebral augmentation techniques and conservative treatment. Subgroup analysis comparing different study designs, durations of symptoms, follow-up times, races of patients, and techniques were conducted, and no significant differences in the incidence of secondary fractures were identified (P > 0.05). No obvious publication bias was detected by either Begg's test (P = 0.360 > 0.05) or Egger's test (P = 0.373 > 0.05). Despite current thinking in the field that vertebral augmentation procedures may increase the incidence of secondary fractures, we found no differences in the incidence of secondary fractures between vertebral augmentation techniques and conservative treatment for patients with OVCFs.

CT-guided vertebroplasty in osteoprotic vertebral fractures: incidence of secondary fractures and impact of intradiscal cement leakages during follow-up

The purpose of this study was to analyse the number and types of secondary fractures, and to investigate the impact of intradiscal cement leaks for adjacent vertebral fractures. Patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures were treated with vertebroplasty. Results were documented and prospectively followed by means of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. The frequency and the types of cement leakages were analysed from multiplanar CT images and secondary fractures were characterised as follows: (1) adjacent fracture in the immediate vicinity of an augmented vertebra; (2) sandwich fracture, fracture of an untreated vertebra between two vertebrae that had been previously augmented, and (3) distant fractures not in the vicinity of augmented vertebrae. A total of 385 osteoporotic vertebral fractures were treated in 191 patients (61 men, 130 women, age 70.7 +/- 9.7 years). The overall rate of cement leaks was 55.6%, including all leaks detectable by CT. Intradiscal leaks through the upper, the lower, and both endplates occurred in 18.2%, 6.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. In 39 patients (20.4%), a total of 72 secondary fractures occurred: 30 adjacent fractures in 23 patients (12.0%) with a time to fracture of 2 months [median; 1.0/4.0 months, first/third quartile (Q1/Q3)]; 11 secondary sandwich fractures in 11 patients (5.8%) after 1.5 months (median; 0.25/7.5 months, Q1/Q3); and 31 distant fractures in 20 patients (10.5%) after 5 months (median; 2.0/8.0 months, Q1/Q3). Ten of 30 adjacent fractures occurred in the presence of pre-existing intradiscal cement leaks and 20 where there was no leakage. Six of 11 sandwich fractures occurred in the presence of intradiscal leaks (five leaks in both adjacent disc spaces, one leak in the lower disc space) and five where there was no leakage. The rate of secondary adjacent and non-adjacent fractures is quite similar and there is no specific impact of intradiscal leakages on the occurrence of adjacent secondary fractures. Adjacent fractures occur sooner than distant secondary fractures. Sandwich fractures are associated with specific biomechanical conditions, with a 37.9% fracture rate in sandwich constellations.

Core decompression for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Abstract Core decompression for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head was introduced by Ficat and Arlet in 1962 with results first reported in 1968. Since 1973 the author has used the technique with good results in the precollapse stage and a low complication rate. The recent literature has reported varied results. Bone functions as a closed compartment (as a Starling resistor). Markedly elevated bone marrow pressures have been recorded in all stages of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, making core decompression a rational procedure. However, to avoid the pitfalls, the following precautions must be exercised: (a) biplane image intensification avoids articular perforation; (b) clearance of the coring device avoids femoral head blow-out; and (c) metaphyseal rather than diaphyseal entry site dramatically lowers the incidence of secondary fracture. Core decompression in the author's experience provides an effective procedure with low morbidity in the precollapse stages of the disease.