Incidence Of Salivary Gland Cancer Research Articles

Incidence and Mortality of Salivary Gland Cancer Worldwide and Its Correlation with Tobacco Use (Smoking and Chewing) and With the Human Development Index

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the association between the incidence and mortality of salivary gland cancer (SGC) with the consumption of tobacco and with the Human Development Index (HDI). Material and Methods: An ecological study was designed using SGC incidence and mortality data in 172 countries in 2020, reported per 100,000 population with an age range of 10–85 years. Such dependent variables were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN). The prevalences of smoked and chewed tobacco were obtained from reports made in 2019, sourced from Global Burden of Diseases Study, while the HDI was obtained from the Human Development Report (2019) presented by the United Nations Development Program, and were considered independent variables. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: In 2020, there were 53,583 new cases of SGC worldwide, and countries with very high HDI exhibited a higher incidence. In terms of mortality, there were 22,778 cases worldwide, and countries with a moderate HDI showed a higher number of deaths. SGC mortality was associated with chewing tobacco use overall and in women. Surprising negative associations were found with the incidence of SGC and tobacco smoking in men, as well as with mortality of SGC and smoking overall and in women. CGS mortality was negatively associated with the HDI and all its components. Conclusion: In this international overview, SGC mortality is associated with chewing tobacco in women, as well as with the HDI and its components.

Recent Trends in the Incidence of Salivary Gland Malignancies

Due to the low incidence and histologic diversity of salivary gland cancer, analyzing the incidence of salivary gland cancer is necessary to understand the macroscopic aspects. We intend to investigate the international trend of the reported incidence rate of salivary gland cancer. Using the Korea Central Cancer Registry data, the domestic change in the incidence rate was examined. As a result, a significant increasing trend was confirmed, consistent with the United States and Japan trends. The etiology of the change is unclear, and various factors that may influence the direction are reported. Additional research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of salivary gland cancer, and further efforts are required to understand salivary gland cancer.

Mobile phone use and trends in the incidence of cancers of the parotid and other salivary glands

BackgroundThere has been a significant increase in the use of mobile phones over the last three decades and a possible association with head cancers has been suggested, including cancers of the parotic and other salivary glands. We examined the incidence time trends of parotid and other salivary gland cancers in Australia to ascertain the influence of increased mobile phone use. MethodsAnalyses of incidence time trends were carried out using Poisson regression to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in the incidence of salivary gland cancers of all available national registration data from 1982 to 2016, as well as specific time periods (1982−1993, 1994−2005, 2006−2016) representing changes in the prevalence of mobile phone use. ResultsThe incidence of parotid gland cancer was stable for the periods 1982−1993 and 1994−2005. During 2006−2016 there was a large decrease in parotid gland cancer for males (APC: -3.71, 95 %CI: -6.66 to -0.67) and a large increase in females (4.80, 1.77–7.91) for adults aged 20−59 years. The incidence for other salivary gland cancers was stable during all the periods. ConclusionsThe results do not indicate that mobile phone use increased the incidence of parotid or other salivary gland cancers. An increase in parotid gland cancer in females since 2006 may be attributed to other possible risk factors specific to this gender.

SURGICAL APPROACH AND OUTCOMES IN SALIVARY GLAND SWELLING

Introduction: Salivary gland tumours are rare tumours and majority of these are benign and about 20% are malignant. The incidence of salivary gland cancers ranges from 0.5 to 2 per 100,000 in different parts of the world. Salivary gland swellings in the parotid or submandibular glands usually present as an enlarging mass and may be associated with neurological symptoms like facial nerve paralysis or pain. Minor salivary gland tumours present as a submucosal intraoral mass which subsequently ulcerates. Acute inflammatory conditions generally can be diagnosed by history and physical examination alone, whereas chronic inflammatory diseases and granulomatous disorders require supplemental diagnostic information including lab tests, imaging studies and biopsy. FNAC of salivary gland tumours is advantageous to both the patient and the clinician because of its immediate results, accuracy, lack of complications and economy. Appropriate therapeutic management may be planned earlier, whether it is local excision for a benign neoplasm, radical surgery for a malignant one or any other alternate treatment.
 Material and Methods: All patients admitted to surgical wards due to obstructions of the salivary duct and neoplasia were included in the study. Demographic data from all the patients were collected, also they were evaluated for clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations and specific investigations. After evaluation of the swellings by clinical examination and by specific investigations, a surgical plan was formulated. The final decision was taken by the operative surgeon.
 Results: 40 cases of salivary gland swellings were admitted during study period. Age of the patients varied from 9 years to 80 years. 62.5% (25 cases) were found in the parotid gland, 30% cases (12) in submandibular gland and 7.5% cases (3) in the sublingual gland. Surgery was the treatment for all cases of tumors. Superficial parotidectomy was done in all the 21 cases of parotid tumour (56.41%) without deep lobe involvement and total parotidectomy was done in 3 cases (7.6%) with deep lobe involvement. In all the cases of submandibular gland lesions, excision of submandibular gland was done. Excision of the sublingual gland was done in 3 cases of ranula. One case of adenoid cystic cacinoma was referred to higher center because   of the advanced malignancy.
 Conclusion: Salivary gland tumors occur more commonly in the parotid gland, most often benign, pleomorphic adenoma constitute majority of all neoplasm. Surgery is the main modality of treatment in salivary gland sialolithiasis. Most commonly done surgery is excision of submandibular salivary gland & superficial parotidectomy and also for salivary gland tumors. Awareness and early referral is necessary, as prognosis is good if treated early.
 Keywords: SALIVARY GLAND, TUMOUR, NEOPLASM, SURGERY

PCN264 ESTIMATING THE BURDEN OF SALIVARY GLAND CANCER IN NORDIC COUNTRIES: A PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS USING TIME SERIES ANALYSIS METHODS

Overall prevalence of salivary gland cancer (SGC) have increased over the years (11.55/100,000 in 1998 to 13.62/100,000 in 2015) and the number of cases diagnosed each year has also been trending upwards. While these trends may have implications for health system costs, the burden of SGC is yet to be fully assessed. Nordic registry data were examined to estimate the incidence of SGC and to predict the trends in these new cases of SGC in order to assess the future burden of the disease in the Nordics. SGC incidence data from 1978 to 2015 were obtained from NORDCAN. Assumptions of stationarity and auto-correlation were checked using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and auto-correlation function (ACF), respectively. SGC incidence were forecast through to 2025 using ARIMA models. Data were segmented between 1978-2010 for estimation and 2011-2015 for validation. The model selection was based on the Akaike information criteria (AIC), and the verification was based on examining the residual plots. Data analysis were conducted using R(v3.6.0). The incidence of SGC in Nordic countries is expected to rise from 217 in 2015 to 307 in 2025. Between 2015-2025, it is expected that the incidence rate in males will increase by 6% (1.05/100,000 to 1.15/100,000). The number of new cases in males is expected to increase from 112 in 2015 to 164 in 2025, a 46% increase. The incidence rate in females is expected to remain stationary. However, the number of cases will grow from 105 in 2015 to 143 in 2025, a 37% increase. This study predicts an increase in the incidence of SGC in males in the Nordic region by 2025. However, the incidence rate in females is predicted to be stationary. The application of this analysis could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

Current State of Knowledge on Salivary Gland Cancers.

Salivary gland cancers (SGCs), categorized as head and neck cancers (HNCs), constitute about 6% of head and neck cancer diagnoses based on estimate by American Head and Neck Society. Salivary gland tumors originate from different glandular cell types and are thus morphologically diverse. These tumors arise from any of the three major and various minor salivary glands. The incidence of SGCs has slowly increased during the last four decades. The etiology of SGCs is mostly unknown; however, specific gene mutations are associated with certain types of salivary tumors. Treatment options include surgical resection, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy, and multimodality therapy. HNC patients treated with RT often develop xerostomia and salivary hypofunction due to damaged salivary glands. In this review, we discuss etiology of SGCs, present findings on the role of autophagy in salivary tumorigenesis, review adverse effects of radiation treatment, and examine remedies for restoration of salivary function.

Primary Malignant Neoplasms of Parotid Gland in Iranian Population

Background: Salivary gland carcinomas are uncommon tumors and the parotid gland is the most frequent site for them. The incidence of salivary gland cancers vary from different geographic areas and ethnic groups. In this report, we evaluated the pattern of parotid cancer in the Iranian population. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cross sectional study, the documents of parotid malignant tumors in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences cancer research center were extracted. The patient records and their microscopic reports were retrieved from the archives and age, gender, and microscopic type were evaluated. Results: Parotid cancers accounted for 0.97% of head and neck malignancies during a 6-year period. The male to female ratio was 1.28 and the majority of the patients were in the 6th decade of their life. Epithelial tumors were the most prevalent malignancies (83.41%), of which mucoepidermoid carcinoma made up 35.57% of all lesions, followed by acinic cell carcinoma (13.94%), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (12.5%). In non-epithelial groups, lymphomas accounted for 13.7% of the total lesions and sarcomas constituted 2.88% of the lesions. Of cases, 5.52% were detected within age ranges below 20. Conclusions: In Iranian population, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy of parotid gland in adults and children. Lymphoma was the most prevalent non-epithelial malignancies in this location. These epidemiologic finding about parotid cancers may improve the knowledge about rare malignancies in adult and younger age range group.

Risk of Development of Second Primary Head and Neck Cancer following an Index Breast Cancer.

Objective Many head and neck cancers (HNCs) have genomic features seen in breast malignancy. We sought to analyze the risk of second primary HNC following an index breast cancer. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting National database from the SEER registry (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results). Subjects and Methods Within the SEER database, 223,423 women diagnosed with index breast cancer from 1992 to 2002 were identified. We calculated standard incidence ratios (SIRs) for all head and neck sites with 10-year follow-up. Results Women diagnosed with an index breast cancer did not exhibit higher likelihood of developing second primary HNC (SIR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.90-1.07). The risk was determined for each subsite of the head and neck, and salivary gland cancer presented the highest risk. Patients with index breast cancer were 83% more likely to develop salivary gland cancer than what would be expected in the general population (SIR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.49-2.22). An overall trend of increased risk was observed for salivary gland cancers between 1992 and 2002. There was no significant higher risk observed for the other head and neck subsites. Conclusion Patients with index breast cancer did not have a higher-than-expected risk of developing HNC. We did find an increased incidence of salivary gland cancers among patients with index breast cancer. Patients were 80% more likely to develop salivary gland cancer than that expected within the population. These findings warrant further investigation on the relationship between salivary gland and breast malignancy.

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Since mobile phones became widely used around the world, there have been questions surrounding their safety and whether using one could lead to possible health problems. One recent study, commissioned by the Israel Dental Association, has suggested that a rise in the incidence of salivary gland cancer in Israel may be linked to the use of mobile phones. The research included examination of the incidence of oral cavity cancers in Israel from 1970 to 2006.

The epidemiology of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in Kuwait 1979–1988

Of the 10 539 cases of cancer recorded in the Kuwait Cancer Registry in the 10 years 1979–1988, 784 (7.4%) involved the lip, oral cavity or pharynx. Nearly half of these were of the nasopharynx or salivary glands, and the incidence of salivary gland cancer appears to be increasing. The aetiology may be related to poor oral hygiene and tobacco-smoking.

Recent Trends in the Incidence of Salivary Gland Cancer

Beginning in 1985, a sudden and sustained doubling of salivary gland cancer incidence, among men only, is observed in the San Francisco-Oakland Metropolitan Statistical Area. Registry data are examined to determine the nature of this increase and its possible association with the AIDS epidemic. Changes in patient characteristics are assessed by comparing their distribution among recently diagnosed cases (1985-1988) to an expectation based on population growth and the age-specific incidence among patients diagnosed earlier (1973-1984). Based on the observed patterns, it is unlikely that the temporal increase in these tumours is a direct result of the AIDS epidemic or solely the result of a shift in the prevalence of established risk factors. The increase is predominantly seen in men over the age of 75 at diagnosis (O/E = 2.3, p = 0.02) and is observed among both those with and without a prior cancer (O/E = 2.7, p = 0.02 and O/E = 1.5, p = 0.06, respectively). Radiation for the prior cancer was not associated with increased occurrence. Military exposure is crudely approximated by examining birth cohorts. However, the cohort data do not support a hypothesis of military exposure.

Incidence of salivary gland cancer in the United States relative to ultraviolet radiation exposure.

There is biologic and histogenetic plausibility for an association between salivary gland cancer and nonmelanoma skin cancer. To add further credence to this association, a descriptive epidemiologic study of salivary gland cancer incidence data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program from 1973 to 1981 was undertaken. The objective was to determine whether the incidence of this cancer exhibited the inverse association with geographic latitude that is characteristic of skin cancer incidence. The SEER areas were grouped into three regions (north, central, and south), based on indices of ultraviolet radiation. The southern area had significantly higher rates for white males and females compared with the northern area for all histologic subtypes combined (standardized incidence ratios were 1.6 for males and 1.4 for females), as well as for specific histologic subtypes (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and males only with mucoepidermoid carcinoma). However, there were no significant differences in incidence between the central and northern areas. These data provide further evidence of an association between skin and salivary neoplasms, both exhibiting a pattern of incidence suggestive of susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation exposure.