Incidence Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Research Articles

Molecular study of CYP21 gene polymorphism rs13405728 and CYP11A1 gene polymorphism rs4077582 in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients

BackgroundPCOS is a serious endocrine-metabolic condition characterized by hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, or oligo-ovulation, and links to obesity, insulin resistance, and an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of PCOS is thought to involve both environmental and genetic factors. PCOS etiology has been linked to genetic factors, with the CYP21 and CYP11A1 genes identified as possible candidate genes. Previous research has linked the rs13405728 polymorphism in the CYP21 gene and the rs4077582 polymorphism in the CYP11A1 gene to PCOS. However, more research is needed to confirm these connections in specific populations. The purpose of this study was to look at the role of single gene polymorphisms in PCOS, specifically the rs13405728 polymorphism in the CYP21 (LHCGR) gene and the rs4077582 polymorphism in the CYP11A1 gene. Blood was drawn from 150 PCOS patients and 150 age- and gender-matched healthy people. The phenol–chloroform procedure was used to extract DNA, and gel electrophoresis was used to quantify it. To analyze polymorphisms, researchers used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the allele-specific amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) to amplify specific areas of DNA. ARMS-PCR was used to detect mutations in the CYP21 and CYP11A1 genes, followed by sequencing to examine the rs13405728 polymorphism and rs4077582 polymorphism, respectively, in 150 PCOS patients and 150 control people. ARMS-PCR polymorphism study of the CYP21 (LHCGR) and CYP11A1 genes indicated significant correlations.ResultsFor the CYP21 gene, heterozygous (CT) carriers of the rs13405728 polymorphism had a fourfold greater incidence of PCOS (OR 4.10; CI 2.47–6.80; p = 0.0001), whereas homozygous mutant (TT) carriers had a significant connection with PCOS (OR 0.27; CI 0.16–0.45; p = 0.0001). These data imply that the CYP21 (LHCGR) gene polymorphism rs13405728 has a substantial impact on the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome. The data for the CYP11A1 gene show the SNP (rs4077582) heterozygous (CT) was associated with PCOS (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.02–2.88; p = 0.0392). The identical SNP heterozygous (CT) raised the incidence of PCOS by up to onefold. The homozygous mutant SNP (TT) had no connection with illness onset (OR 1.377; 95% CI 0.85–2.2; p = 0.1855), while the mutant (TT) of the SNP nearly doubled the incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome. The combined model of the same SNP (CT + TT) revealed a significant correlation with PCOS (OR 2.1905; 95% CI 1.355–3.53; p = 0.0014). The combination model (CT + TT) of the same SNP more than doubled the risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome. All the risk factors investigated had a substantial connection with PCOS.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study supports the role of the CYP21 (LHCGR) and CYP11A1 gene polymorphism in PCOS. More studies are needed to investigate the functional significance of this polymorphism as well as its possible clinical impact on the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.

Rising incidence, health resource utilization and costs of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the United Kingdom.

Trends in incidence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and effects on health resource utilization are unclear. To describe trends in prevalence and incidence of PCOS in the United Kingdom. To establish healthcare resource use and associated costs. Data were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and Hospital Episode Statistics databases. Point prevalence and incidence were calculated (2004-2020). Patients with PCOS were matched to controls (1:1) by age, body mass index and primary care practice. Primary care contacts were assigned an average cost and prescription items assigned a net ingredient cost. Inpatient admissions and outpatient consultations were processed into Healthcare Resource Groups and costed to the National Tariff. PCOS incidence increased from 1.22 per 1000 person years in 2004 to 1.77 (2012) and 2.20 (2019). Point prevalence increased from 1.02% (2004) to 2.2% (2012) and 3.5% (2020), and was highest in Asians. Mean contacts per person year (ppy) for patients with PCOS versus controls were 0.48 vs 0.29 for inpatients (p<0.001), 3.81 vs 2.15 for outpatients (p<0.001) and 6.43 vs 4.68 (p<0.001) for primary care. Mean healthcare costs (ppy) were £837 vs £493 (p<0.001) for inpatients, £444 vs £253 (p<0.001) for outpatients, £157 vs £112 for primary care and £109 vs £83 (p<0.001) for primary care prescriptions. Total health care contacts ppy were 10.72 vs 7.11 (p<0.001) and total associated costs £1,546 vs £940 (p<0.001). The incidence of PCOS has risen significantly. Health resource utilization and costs of PCOS are significantly greater than controls.

A Prospective Study on the Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka, India

Abstract BACKGROUND: The global incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is on the rise, yet the etiological variables influencing PCOS remain unclear. The lack of a standardized diagnostic and treatment protocol adds complexity to managing PCOS. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCOS at SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital in Dharwad, Karnataka, India, utilizing the Rotterdam criteria over a period of 9 months from January to September 2023. METHODS: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 150 women from the tertiary care hospital. PCOS diagnosis was based on the Rotterdam criteria, considering factors such as age, marital status, education, occupation, nutrition, and biochemical parameters. Data analysis employed GraphPad Prism version 9 and SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: Of the 150 participants, 72.47% met the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS, with oligomenorrhea, clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography identified. The highest prevalence was in the age group of 27–30 years (31.19%). Significant associations were observed between PCOS and dietary habits, with P &lt; 0.001. Demographic profiles indicated a higher prevalence among married individuals (81.65%) and those with primary education (69.72%). Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly different between PCOS and control groups (P = 0.0326 and &lt; 0.001, respectively). Biochemical parameters such as luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio and anti-Müllerian hormone levels showed significant differences (P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: PCOS prevalence was notable among reproductive age women at the tertiary care hospital. The study underscores the importance of considering both clinical and biochemical parameters for PCOS diagnosis using the Rotterdam criteria. Lifestyle management, including dietary changes and physical activity, emerged as the essential components. Further research and awareness initiatives are needed to address the increasing prevalence of PCOS and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Genetically predicted high sex hormone binding globulin was associated with decreased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome

BackgroundPrevious observational studies have indicated an inverse correlation between circulating sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels and the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Nevertheless, conventional observational studies may be susceptible to bias. Consequently, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation to delve deeper into the connection between SHBG levels and the risk of PCOS.MethodsWe employed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to serum SHBG levels as instrumental variables (IVs). Genetic associations with PCOS were derived from a meta-analysis of GWAS data. Our primary analytical approach relied on the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by alternative MR techniques, including simple-median, weighted-median, MR-Egger regression, and MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) testing. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the association.ResultsWe utilized 289 SNPs associated with serum SHBG levels, achieving genome-wide significance, as instrumental variables (IVs). Our MR analyses revealed that genetically predicted elevated circulating SHBG concentrations were linked to a reduced risk of PCOS (odds ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–0.78, P = 8.30 × 10–4) using the IVW method. MR-Egger regression did not detect any directional pleiotropic effects (P intercept = 0.626). Sensitivity analyses, employing alternative MR methods and IV sets, consistently reaffirmed our results, underscoring the robustness of our findings.ConclusionsThrough a genetic epidemiological approach, we have substantiated prior observational literature, indicating a potential causal inverse relationship between serum SHBG concentrations and PCOS risk. Nevertheless, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of SHBG in the development of PCOS.

The effect of gonadoliberin analog treatment in precocious puberty on polycystic ovarian syndrome prevalence in adulthood.

The study group consists of 24 women (median age 22 88 years, median BMI 23.5) treated with GnRHa for central precocious puberty in childhood. The control group includes 40 women (median age 23 years, median BMI 25.6) diagnosed with isolated premature thelarche and not using GnRHa in the childhood. Anthropometric measurements, ultrasound examination of minor pelvis and hormonal profile were performed. PCOS diagnosis was based on Rotterdam criteria. The study confirmed a higher prevalence of PCOS in the study group (50%) than in the control group (10%); p=0.0006. Significant, linear correlation between free testosterone levels and ovarian size was found in the study group (R=0.45 p= 0.03). GnRHa therapy during childhood may have a potential influence on incidence of PCOS in the adulthood. Therefore, in this group of patients long-term follow-up focused on screening for PCOS would seem beneficial.

MiR-151a-3p regulates the TNIK/PI3K/Akt axis and influences the progression of polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease in women of childbearing age, and the incidence of PCOS has increased in recent years. However, the pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully elucidated. Methods The expression of miR-151a-3p in ovarian granulosa cells (KGN) was determined using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and flow cytometric assays were used to investigate the effect of miR-151a-3p on KGN cells. Luciferase reporter analysis and western blotting were used to verify the targeting of miR-151a-3p by Traf and Nck interacting kinase (TNIK). Western blotting (WB) was used to evaluate the protein levels. Results We found that miR-151a-3p was downregulated and TNIK was upregulated in the serum of PCOS patients. Low expression of miR-151a-3p promoted cell proliferation, colony formation and the G0/G1 transition and reduced apoptosis. Our results showed that low expression of miR-151a-3p promoted the expression of TNIK, which activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway. Overexpression of TNIK rescued the effect of miR-151a-3p in ovarian granulosa cells. Finally, our results showed that there was a significant correlation between the expression of miR-151a-3p and the expression of the target TNIK in PCOS patients and that miR-151a-3p promoted disease occurrence by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusions Low expression of miR-151a-3p promoted KNG cell proliferation by activating the TNIK-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The miR-151a-3p/TNIK/PI3K/AKT signaling axis may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing the progression of PCOS.

Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms of Yikang decoction in polycystic ovary syndrome: an integration of GEO datasets, network pharmacology, and molecular dynamics simulations.

The incidence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is increasing annually. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of Yikang Decoction (YKD) in the treatment of PCOS through the integration of GEO datasets, network pharmacology, and dynamic simulation. Active ingredients of YKD and their targets were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) platform. Disease-relevant targets for PCOS were retrieved from several databases, including GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, DrugBank, and GEO. The underlying pathways associated with the overlapping targets between YKD and PCOS were identified using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The mechanisms of interaction between the core targets and components were further explored through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MD). 139 potential active components and 315 targets of YKD were identified. A topological analysis of the PPI network revealed 10 core targets. These targets primarily participated in the regulation of biological processes, including cell metabolism, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. The pathways associated with treating PCOS encompassed PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Lipid and atherosclerosis, MAPK signaling pathways, and Endocrine resistance signaling pathways. Moreover, molecular docking and MD have been shown to reveal a good binding capacity between active compounds and screening targets. This study systematically investigates the multi-target mechanisms of YKD in the treatment of PCOS, with preliminary verification provided through molecular docking and MD. The findings offer compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of YKD in treating PCOS.

Global burden and epidemiological prediction of polycystic ovary syndrome from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

To comprehensively assess the global, regional and national burden of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (DLYs) based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data on PCOS incidence, prevalence, and DLYs from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the GBD study 2019. According to the commonwealth income, WHO region, and the sociodemographic index, the estimates were demonstrated along with the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). The EAPC data were analyzed by four levels of hierarchical clustering and displayed in the world map. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict the PCOS burden in the next 20 years. From 1990 to 2019, the number of PCOS incidence in one year increased from 1.4 million in 1990 to 2.1 million in 2019 (54.3%). Only the EAPC estimates of incidence in the Region of the Americas decreased, and their aged-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) values were the highest in 1990 and 2019. There was no significant correlation between human development index (HDI) and EAPC. However, when HDI < 0.7, EAPC of incidence and prevalence was positively correlated with HDI, and when HDI > 0.7, EAPC of incidence and prevalence was negatively correlated with HDI. Countries with the middle level HDI have the highest increasing trend of ASIR and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR). The 10 to 19 years old group had the highest incidence counts of PCOS globally. Besides, the ARIMA and BAPC model showed the consistent increasing trend of the burden of PCOS. In order to better promote the early diagnosis and treatment, expert consensus and diagnosis criteria should be formulated according to the characteristics of different ethnic groups or regions. It is necessary to emphasize the early screening and actively develop targeted drugs for PCOS.

Assessment of factors related to poly cystic ovarian syndrome – A comparative and correlational study

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that primarily affects women of reproductive age. It is particularly prevalent among adolescent females who receive an insufficient diagnosis despite having potentially adverse consequences. The use of PCOS screening questionnaires has the potential to aid in the early detection of symptoms. The goal of this study is to observe if a self-administered questionnaire may be useful for a clear cognizance of the associated conditions like mental stress and menstrual characteristics correlated to polycystic ovary syndrome. In this study, we selected women within an age group of 17–40 with and without PCOS based on the modified Rotterdam criteria to fill out a self-administrated questionnaire based on the signs and symptoms of PCOS majorly focusing on mental stress and menstrual characteristics. SPSS software, univariate analyses were employed to elucidate the associations among the components of PCOS, demographic factors, and lifestyle characteristics, hence providing insights into the interrelationships among those variables. 64 women with PCOS and 141 women without PCOS participated in the present study. The present study revealed PCOS is greatly influenced by age at menarche (p-value= .043), typical cycle length (p-value = .000) mental health problems during menstruation (p-value = .032), and body mass index (p-value = .001). Multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed only 2 variables BMI (a-OR 1.156,95% CI (1.067–1.242), p-value = .000), and typical cycle length (a-OR 2.278, 95% CI (1.079–4.809), p-value = .003) were significant. The present study showed that BMI and menstrual cycle length were most closely associated with the incidence of PCOS, which is important in diagnosing and treating the condition. Considering the high incidence of PCOS among women of reproductive age and its potential for significant health implications, it would be prudent to incorporate inquiries regarding mental health concerns and menstrual patterns into routine medical assessments for this demographic analysis. This approach aims to ascertain whether additional diagnostic evaluations and screenings for PCOS are warranted.

Assessment of Clinical, Biochemical and Hormonal Aspects of Women of Fertile Age with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Assessment of patient management tactics and the effectiveness of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) therapy, taking into account modern international recommendations. Inadequate assessment of the menstrual cycle without taking into account modern characteristics of the normal menstrual cycle leads to overdiagnosis and, as a result, the appointment of unnecessary therapy. The incidence of PCOS among women of young fertile age with menstrual disorders was 49.5%. Clinical hyperandrogenism of varying severity was detected in all patients with PCOS. The use of microdosed COCs containing drospirenone in the treatment of PCOS in 93% of cases reduces the severity of clinical hyperandrogenism, normalizes the menstrual cycle and improves anxiety indicators by 16.5%

Early Life Factors and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Swedish Birth Cohort.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a medical condition with important consequences for women's well-being and reproductive outcomes. Although the etiology of PCOS is not fully understood, there is increasing evidence of both genetic and environmental determinants, including development in early life. We studied a population of 977,637 singleton women born in in Sweden between 1973 and 1995, followed sometime between the age 15 and 40. The incidence of PCOS was measured using hospital register data during 2001-2012, complemented with information about the women's, parents' and sisters' health and social characteristics from population and health care registers. Cox regression was used to study how PCOS is associated with intergenerational factors, and a range of early life characteristics. 11,594 women in the study sample were diagnosed with PCOS during the follow-up period. The hazard rate for PCOS was increased 3-fold (HR 2.98, 95% CI 2.43-3.64) if the index woman's mother had been diagnosed with PCOS, and with 1.5-fold (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.39-1.63) if their mother had diabetes mellitus. We found associations of PCOS with lower (<7) one-minute Apgar score (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.29) and with post-term birth (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.13-1.26). Furthermore, heavy (10+ cigarettes/day) maternal smoking (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18-1.44) and maternal obesity (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.62-2.36) were strongly associated with PCOS. This study finds support for the heritability and fetal origins of PCOS. Risk of PCOS could be reduced by further emphasizing the importance of maternal and early life health.

Effect of Dietary Regimen on the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting 4%-20% of women worldwide. The pathogenesis of PCOS is still unconfirmed. Some risk factors for the disease are obesity, insulin resistance, genetic factors, and diet. Our aim is to review studies investigating the role of diet in the development of PCOS. We looked into studies published in different databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, using specific keywords as per our study topic. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diets, low-fiber diets, high glycemic index and glycemic load, and Western diets were associated with a higher risk of PCOS. Some vitamins, such as Vitamin D and B9, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, fruits, nuts, and seeds, such as pumpkin and sunflower, are associated with a lower risk of PCOS. The Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) diet reduces the risk of hyperandrogenic or oligoanovulatory phenotypes. The review revealed that unhealthy diets encompass high levels of carbohydrates, animal proteins, fats, and processed foods. Despite inconsistent results from certain studies claiming no disparity in the dietary patterns between PCOS patients and healthy controls, the majority of researchers have amassed sufficient evidence linking nutrition to the incidence of PCOS. The review also underscores the significance of the interplay between genes and the environment in the prevalence of PCOS. Individuals possess a genetic predisposition to the condition from birth, and subsequent exposure to detrimental environmental factors, particularly diet and inactivity, trigger epigenetic changes that contribute to the development of the disorder. This study further illuminated the existence of the "lean PCOS" phenomenon, wherein roughly 20% of global PCOS cases exhibit clinical manifestations of the syndrome but maintain a normal or below-average weight. To sum up, the collective body of assessed research indicates that women with PCOS tend to share similar dietary habits, characterized by the consumption of numerous unhealthy foods such as processed foods, animal proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. While some studies present conflicting findings, these contradictions underscore the necessity for further investigation employing extensive cohorts.

A study on the factors affecting polycystic ovary syndrome in young women

Aims: The aim of this study was to define the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in young women and the affecting characteristics. In this study, environmental factors and demographic characteristics of women with PCOS were compared with the control group, which included healthy young women. Methods: This is a retrospective study with control in young women aged 18-25, suffering from PCOS and healthy women, referred to our clinic between September 2018- August 2020. Women's socio-demographic characteristics such as age, weight, height, economic status, employment status, education status, smoking and alcohol abuse, chronic disease, exercise status, family history of cancer, and menstrual irregularity of participants were compared. Results: Results did not show a statistically significant association between case and control regarding age, economic status, education status, family history of cancer, smoking and alcohol abuse (p&gt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between groups regarding menstrual irregularity, chronic disease, body mass index (BMI), exercise and working status (p&lt;0.05). Healthy women exercise more, and a higher percentage of them are employed. Chronic diseases were more common in women with PCOS. Women with PCOS were fatter and had more menstrual irregularities problems. Conclusion: BMI, working status, exercise status, menstrual irregularity, and chronic disease status helped diagnose PCOS in young women.

SAT357 Rising Incidence, Health Resource Utilization and Costs of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the United Kingdom

Abstract Disclosure: T. Berni: None. C. Morgan: None. A. Rees: None. Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder but trends in incidence and impact on health resource utilization are not known. Objectives: 1. To describe secular trends in prevalence and incidence of PCOS in the UK. 2. To establish healthcare resource use and associated primary and secondary care costs. Methods: Data were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database and linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database (2004-2021). Patients (≥18 yrs) of acceptable research quality and eligible for linkage to HES were included. A diagnosis of PCOS was established from medcode or ICD-10 codes. Point prevalence was assessed at the midpoint of each year from 2004-2020. Incident cases (2004-2021) were defined as a first diagnosis (index date) at least 90 days after practice registration. Costs from index date were compared for incident cases (n=132,925) and controls matched (1:1) by age, BMI category and primary care practice. Primary care contacts were assigned an average cost as listed in the Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2019. Prescription items were assigned a net ingredient cost from the Prescription Cost Analysis for England 2019. Inpatient admissions and outpatient consultations were processed into Healthcare Resource Groups and costed to the National Tariff. Results: The incidence of diagnosed PCOS increased from 1.22 per 1000 person years in 2004 to 1.77 in 2012 and 2.20 in 2019. Point prevalence increased from 0.9% in 2004 to 2.1% in 2012 and 3.4% in 2020. Mean contacts per person year (ppy) for patients with PCOS versus controls were 0.43 vs 0.25 for inpatients (p&amp;lt;0.001), 3.29 vs 1.83 for outpatients (p&amp;lt;0.001) and 6.46 vs 4.71 (p&amp;lt;0.001) for primary care. Mean healthcare costs (ppy) were £748 vs £438 (p&amp;lt;0.001) for inpatients, £383 vs £216 (p&amp;lt;0.001) for outpatients, £156 vs £111 for primary care and £114 vs £87 (p&amp;lt;0.001) for primary care prescriptions. Total health care contacts ppy were 10.81 vs 6.21 (p&amp;lt;0.001) and total associated costs were £1400 vs £852 (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence of diagnosed PCOS has risen significantly in the United Kingdom over the last two decades. This may be partly due to increased ascertainment and recording on computerised systems. Health resource utilization and costs were almost doubled in women with PCOS compared to controls. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a population of women of reproductive age using Rotterdam 2003 criteria (literature review)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, and the associated health risks persist throughout life. At the same time, there is a wide range of variations in the incidence of the syndrome (4–21 %), which in turn is explained by the influence of the study population characteristics, including ethnicity and race, as well as the applied diagnostic criteria. The aim of the study. To systematize the available data on the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome using the Rotterdam 2003 criteria in a population of women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. The search for information was carried out using Internet resources (PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, eLibrary). Literature sources for the period 1990–2023 were analyzed. As a result, the article presents current data on the prevalence of PCOS using the Rotterdam 2003 definitions, the features of the PCOS incidence in hospital and non-selective (medically unbiased) populations, as well as in various ethnic groups. The review also discusses current guidelines for conducting studies on the PCOS prevalence. Conclusion. The latest guidelines on the diagnosis and management of patients with PCOS, published in 2018, propose to consider the provisions adopted in Rotterdam as the basis for the diagnosis of the syndrome; at the same time, the need to take into account racial and age characteristics is noted.

Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Sexual Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome at Al-Najaf Province

Background: A multiple-factorial condition influencing females’ reproductive years is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This study aims to investigate lipid profiles and sex hormones, and DHEA hormones related to patients suffering from PCOS. Method: In this investigation, the sex hormones, lipid profile and DHEA hormone of 45 females in their reproductive years who were suffering from PCOS were compared to those of 45 women who were healthy and of a similar age. Results: Our results showed that the mean ± standard deviation of triglyceride parameter is higher than others parameters in both women patients with polycystic syndrome (73.2 ± 147.3 mg/dl) and control (57.9 ± 123.7 mg/dl) groups with highly significant difference (p-value &lt; 0.001). While, mean ± standard deviation of other parameters, including cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL, was higher in women with polycystic syndrome than in the control groupe. Conclusion: The more active fertile age group, 21 to 30 years old are more susceptible to the incidence of PCOS. Our data shows a significant correlation between DHEA and cholesterol, HDL, VLDL in the patient group. There is a positive statistical correlation between DHEA and LDL and between DHEA and LH, prolactin, and testosterone. The correlation between DHEA and FSH showed a passive association (statistically significant).

Phthalates and polycystic ovary syndrome – Systematic literature review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common endocrine disorders in women, may involve both environmental and genetic factors. One potential environmental factor of concern is exposure to phthalates and other endocrine disrupting chemicals many of which have adverse effects on the female reproductive system. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate possible association between prenatal phthalate exposure and PCOS. Six databases were searched for relevant human studies. Inclusion criteria were female human population diagnosed with PCOS and exposed during any lifestage to any phthalate or phthalate metabolite through oral, dermal, inhalation, or intravenous route. Search results were screened for relevance, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated for study quality using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. The systematic literature search yielded seven articles, six case-control studies and one cohort study. Three studies found a significant positive association, two studies found a significant negative association, and two studies found no association between phthalate exposure and the incidence of PCOS. Even though studies found no consistent pattern on association with phthalates and PCOS, the results of analyzed studies did not exclude possible effects of phthalates on the female reproductive and metabolic system. Some of the factors in study design such as recruiting participants from IVF clinics and young age of participants may have biased the results. Further studies with more careful study design and longer follow-up time are needed to bring more reliable information about the role of phthalates in onset of PCOS.

A Collection of Regional Treatment Features of Chinese Traditional Medicine for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common female gynecological diseases that cause menstrual disorders, amenorrhea and infertility in women of childbearing age, polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS is a disease that causes menstrual disorders, amenorrhea and infertility due to endocrine metabolic abnormalities. According to epidemiological research data in China, the incidence of PCOS in China is between 5% and 10%. The prevalence of PCOS in China is between 5% and 10%, which seriously affects female reproductive function. The disease is divided into Western medicine and Chinese medicine treatment two methods. However, due to the Western medicine treatment of this disease taking a long time and causing side effects, it is slowly not being used; Chinese medicine treatment of this disease, instead, uses evidence-based treatment and typology treatment. The effect is significant and gradually widely used in clinical. This paper summarizes the research and treatment of this disease in Chinese medicine in recent years and provides a reference value for the subsequent clinical treatment and research of this disease.

Reproduction and Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review of Current Evidence

Obesity, typified by the disproportionate accumulation of body fat, constitutes a burgeoning global health dilemma with far-reaching impacts on numerous facets of human well-being, prominently inclusive of reproductive health. The pervasive effects of this worldwide health predicament are both direct and indirect, having a compelling influence on fertility, thus underlining the exigency for efficacious therapeutic interventions. FDA-approved anti-obesity pharmaceuticals, comprising metformin, orlistat, phentermine, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as liraglutide and semaglutide, have been substantiated to facilitate weight loss and enhance metabolic indices. However, despite their promising roles in mitigating obesity, the extent of our understanding of these drugs' implications for reproductive health remains inadequate.This thorough review endeavors to aggregate and scrutinize the present corpus of evidence relating to the influence of these anti-obesity drugs on fertility. By exploring the prospective direct and indirect impacts of these pharmaceuticals on reproductive health, we aspire to illuminate their multifunctional roles extending beyond the sphere of weight regulation. In the female population, obesity has been correlated with menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and complications during gestation, frequently concurrent with an increased incidence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). In the male counterpart, obesity has been associated with compromised semen quality and erectile function, often compounded by Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and hormonal disequilibrium.This exhaustive analysis seeks to equip physicians with a framework for refining their therapeutic approaches, appreciating the intricate interplay between obesity treatment and reproductive health. We aim to afford a broader and more nuanced comprehension of the complex interrelations between obesity, anti-obesity medications, and reproductive well-being. The intention is to empower healthcare practitioners with the insights necessary to deliver bespoke care strategies to those grappling with obesity and attendant fertility complications. Ultimately, this initiative augments our evolving understanding of the complex mechanisms operating at the juncture of obesity and fertility, thereby paving the way for future investigations in this critical field of study.

ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF STROTAS INVOLVED AND AYURVEDIC APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS): A CONCEPTUAL STUDY.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and reproductive disorders found among 6-10% women population being in their reproductive age. The incidence of PCOS increases day by day due to the adverse effect of lifestyle of current scenario. The modern lifestyle imparting physical and mental stress causes pathological events like PCOS. The disorder involves Vata and Kapha Doshas along with Rasavahastrotas, Raktavahastrotas, Manavahastrotas and Artavahastrotas which eventually manifests features such as Anarthava, Vadhyathwa, Pushpagni, Abeeja Rituchakara along with Meda, Mansa and Rakta Dhatus. Modern management of PCOS is mainly targeted to correct biochemical abnormalities. Therefore, Ayurvedic formulations and methods from various Ayurvedic texts can be a better option for the definitive cure of PCOS. Hence an approach has been made to evaluate and understand the involvement of various Strotas and methods to approach the management of PCOS through Ayurveda.