Incidence Of Periprocedural Complications Research Articles

Guiding atrial fibrillation ablation combined with left atrial appendage occlusion procedure by fluoroscopy with or without transesophageal echocardiography achieved comparable outcomes

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and can be treated with catheter ablation (CA) combined with left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). The study is designed to compare the safety and efficacy of guiding the combined procedure by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with or without transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). From February 2019 to December 2020, 138 patients with nonvalvular AF who underwent CA combined with LAAO procedure were consecutively included, and two cohorts were built according to intraprocedural guidance (DSA or DSA with TEE). Periprocedural and follow-up outcomes were compared with investigate the feasibility and safety between the two cohorts. 71 patients and 67 patients were included in the DSA cohort and TEE cohort, respectively. Age and gender were comparable, despite the TEE cohort having a higher proportion of persistent AF (37 [55.2%] vs. 26 [36.6%]) and hemorrhage history (9 [13.4%] vs. 0). The procedure time of the DSA cohort was significantly reduced (95.7 ± 27.6vs. 108.9 ± 30.3 min, p = .018), with a nonsignificant longer fluoroscopic time (15.2 ± 5.4vs. 14.4 ± 7.1 min, p = .074). And the overall incidence of peri-procedural complications was similar between cohorts. After an average of 24 months of clinical follow-up, only three patients in the TEE cohort had ≤3 mm residual flow (p = .62). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed nonsignificant differences between the cohorts for freedom from atrial arrhythmia (log-rank p = .964) and major adverse cardiovascular events (log-rank p = .502). Compared with DSA and TEE guidance, DSA-guided combined procedure could shorten the procedural time, while achieving similar periprocedural and long-term feasibility and safety.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Inspiration-Induced Negative Left Atrial Pressure during Pulmonary Vein Isolation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is performed under deep sedation, which may cause inspiration-induced negative left atrial pressure (INLAP) associated with deep inspiration. INLAP could be the cause of periprocedural complications. We retrospectively enrolled 381 patients with AF (mean age, 63.9 ± 10.8 years; 76 women; 216 cases of paroxysmal AF) who underwent CA under deep sedation using an adaptive servo ventilator (ASV). Patients whose LAP was not obtained were excluded. INLAP was defined as <0 mmHg of mean LAP during inspiration immediately after the transseptal puncture. The primary and secondary endpoints were the presence of INLAP and the incidence of periprocedural complications. Among 381 patients, INLAP was observed in 133 (34.9%). Patients with INLAP had higher CHA2DS2-Vasc scores (2.3 ± 1.5 vs. 2.1 ± 1.6) and 3% oxygen desaturation indexes (median 18.6 (interquartile range 11.2-31.1) vs. 15.7 (8.1-25.3)), and higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (23.3 vs. 13.3%) than patients without INLAP. Air embolism occurred in four patients with INLAP (3.0 vs. 0.0%). INLAP is not rare in patients undergoing CA for AF under deep sedation with ASV. Much attention should be paid to the possibility of air embolism in patients with INLAP.

Clinical outcome of lesion size index-guided high-power radiofrequency catheter ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation: 2-year follow-up.

The long-term efficacy of high-power (50 W) ablation guided by lesion size index (LSI-guided HP) for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains undetermined. Our study sought to assess the clinical efficacy of LSI-guided HP ablation for PVI in patients with AF and explore the potential predictors associated with clinical outcomes. We consecutively included 186 patients with AF who underwent LSI-guided HP (50 W) ablation at Fuwai Hospital from June 2019 to October 2021. The target LSI values of 4.5-5.5 and 4.0-4.5 at the anterior and posterior walls, respectively, were used in our study. The baseline clinical characteristics, procedural and ablation data, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. The independent potential predictors associated with AF recurrence were further evaluated. The incidence rate of first-pass PVI was 83.9% (156/186). A total of 11 883 lesions were analyzed, and compared with posterior walls of pulmonary veins, anterior walls had significantly lower mean contact force (8.2 ± 3.0 vs. 8.3 ± 2.3 g, p = .015), longer mean radiofrequency duration (16.9 ± 7.2 vs. 12.9 ± 4.5 s, p < .001) and higher mean LSI (4.8 ± 0.2 vs. 4.4 ± 0.2, p < .001). The overall incidence of periprocedural complications was 3.7%, and steam pops without pericardial effusion occurred in three patients (1.6%). During a mean follow-up of 24.0 ± 8.4 months, the overall AF recurrence-free survival was 87.1% after a single procedure. Patients with paroxysmal AF had a higher incidence of freedom from AF recurrence than those with persistent AF (91.2% vs. 80.8%, log-rank p = .034). Higher LSI (HR 0.50, p < .001) and paroxysmal AF (HR 0.39, p = .029) were significantly associated with decreased AF recurrence. By receiver operating characteristic analysis, the LSI of 4.7 and 4.3 for the anterior and posterior walls of the PVs had the highest predictive value for AF recurrence, respectively. LSI-guided HP (50 W) ablation for PVI was an efficient and safe strategy and led to favorable single-procedure 2-year AF recurrence-free survival in patients with AF. Higher LSI and paroxysmal AF were independent predictors of decreased 2-year AF recurrence. The LSI of 4.7 for the anterior wall and 4.3 for the posterior wall of the PVs were the best cutoff values for predicting AF recurrence after LSI-guided HP ablation.

Long-term outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis: A single-center 14-year retrospective analysis.

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is currently widely used for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of CAS performed in a single institution. We retrospectively analyzed 313 CAS cases from January 2007 to December 2020, including 206 (66%) symptomatic and 107 (34%) asymptomatic cases. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality were assessed. Rates of periprocedural (≤30 days after CAS) and postprocedural ipsilateral strokes (>30 days after CAS) were also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for the periprocedural complication, in-stent restenosis (ISR), and ipsilateral stroke. The success rate of CAS was 98%. Among 313 cases, 1 patient died due to hyperperfusion-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The CAS-related mortality rate was 0.31%. The overall incidence of periprocedural complications is 5.1%. A risk factor for periprocedural complication was a symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (7.3% vs. 0.9%, p=0.016). Twenty cases of ISR occurred during 63.7±42.1 months of follow-up. The overall incidence of ISR was 10.2% (20/196). A risk factors for ISR were diabetes mellitus (17.6% vs. 5.7%, p=0.008) and patients who used Open-cell stents (19.6% vs. 6.9%, p=0.010). The overall incidence of ipsilateral stroke is 5.6%. A risk factors for ipsilateral stroke was ISR (95% CI, p=0.002). CAS is a safe and effective procedure for carotid artery stenosis. Although the incidence of complications is low, fatal complication such as hyperperfusion- related ICH can occur. To prevent hyperperfusion-related ICH, several methods such as strict blood pressure (BP) control, intentional less widening of stenotic segment should be used. To prevent ISR or stroke occurrence, special attention should be paid to patients who have ISR or ipsilateral stroke risk factors.

Effectiveness and safety of bilateral internal iliac artery ligation with pre-peritoneal pelvic packing for life-threatening pelvic trauma

This study analyzed the outcomes of bilateral internal iliac artery (IIA) ligation with preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP) in hemodynamically unstable patients with major pelvic fractures. All-cause mortality was examined, periprocedural safety for critical circumstances was reviewed, and iliac artery ligation-related complications of the postoperative phase were evaluated. A total of 20 patients who suffered substantially from severe pelvic trauma with hemodynamic instability and subsequently underwent bilateral IIA ligation with PPP between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021, were enrolled in the study. The median participant age was 60.5 years, and 65.0% were male. The median systolic blood pressure was 68.5 mmHg on arrival. Increased lactate level (median, 11.05 mmol/L) suggested that the patients were in shock distinctly due to hypovolemia. It took approximately 1 h to complete the ligation of bilateral IIA to accomplish hemostasis (median, 65.5 min). The iliac vein was injured during dissection in three cases. During the ICU stay (median, 17.5 days), acute kidney injury was identified in 13 patients, likely due to volume depletion. The median ventilator-free days was 13.5; six patients were confirmed with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Moreover, 12 patients were diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome. There was one case in which the lower extremity artery was acutely occluded. Anatomic hemostasis was achieved in 18 patients. The two patients for which anatomic hemostasis failed became two mortality cases from preperitoneal hemorrhage. Our analysis showed that bilateral IIA ligation with PPP was effective as a lifesaving procedure in hemodynamically unstable patients with a major pelvic fracture in terms of mortality due to fracture-related exsanguination. Moreover, the incidence of periprocedural complications was considered tolerable, making the procedure worth a try, especially in austere and underdeveloped healthcare settings.

Assessment of sex-related differences and outcome in patients who underwent cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: an observational cohort study

ObjectivesPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is widely accepted as an effective and safe treatment for symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on sex-related differences and associations with clinical outcome and safety...

Effect of uninterrupted dabigatran or rivaroxaban on achieving ideal activated clotting time to heparin response during catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Uninterrupted use of oral anticoagulants before atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation can reduce the incidence of perioperative thromboembolic events. However, the effect of new oral anticoagulants on activated clotting time (ACT) in response to heparin during AF ablation in Chinese populations remains unknown. The aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate the value of ACTs in response to intraoperative heparin administration in patients using dabigatran or rivaroxaban. From January 2018 to December 2021, a total of 173 patients undergoing AF ablation were included in the study, in which 101 patients were treated with dabigatran, 72 patients were treated with rivaroxaban. The intraoperative ACT values were examined in both groups. The incidence of periprocedural complications was evaluated. Initial heparin dosage (88 ± 19 U/kg vs. 78 ± 27 U/kg, P < 0.05), total heparin dosage (137 ± 41 U/kg vs. 106 ± 52 U/kg, P < 0.05) during the ablation procedure were higher in the dabigatran group than those in the rivaroxaban group. Mean ACT (280 ± 36 s vs. 265 ± 30 s, P < 0.05), and the percentage of ACTs within the therapeutic range (250-350 s) (74% ± 26% vs. 60% ± 29%, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the dabigatran group than those in the rivaroxaban group, particularly in male patients. Furthermore, the average time of achieving the target ACT (250-350 s) was also found longer in the dabigatran group (P < 0.05) as compared with the rivaroxaban group. No significant difference was found in the incidence of periprocedural complications between the two groups. The anticoagulant effect of uninterrupted rivaroxaban therapy appears to be more stable and efficient than dabigatran administration during catheter ablation in patients with AF.

Predicting Periprocedural Complications in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The PROGRESS-CTO Complication Scores.

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with increased risk of periprocedural complications. Estimating the risk of complications facilitates risk-benefit assessment and procedural planning. This study sought to develop risk scores for in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), mortality, pericardiocentesis, and acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients undergoing CTO PCI. The study analyzed the PROGRESS-CTO (Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention; NCT02061436) and created risk scores for MACE, mortality, pericardiocentesis, and acute MI. Logistic regression prediction modeling was used to identify independently associated variables, and models were internally validated with bootstrapping. The incidence of periprocedural complications among 10,480 CTO PCIs was as follows: MACE 215 (2.05%), mortality 47 (0.45%), pericardiocentesis 83 (1.08%), and acute MI 66 (0.63%). The final model for MACE included≥65 years of age (1 point), moderate-severe calcification (1 point), blunt stump (1 point), antegrade dissection and re-entry (ADR) (1 point), female (2 points), and retrograde (2 points); the final model for mortality included≥65 years of age (1point), left ventricular ejection fraction≤45% (1 point), moderate-severe calcification (1 point), ADR (1 point), and retrograde (1 point); the final model for pericardiocentesis included≥65 years of age (1 point), female (1 point), moderate-severe calcification (1 point), ADR (1 point), and retrograde (2 points); the final model for acute MI included prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (1 point), atrial fibrillation (1 point), and blunt stump (1 point). The C-statistics of the models were 0.74, 0.80, 0.78, 0.72 for MACE, mortality, pericardiocentesis, and acute MI, respectively. The PROGRESS-CTO complication risk scores can facilitate estimation of the periprocedural complication risk in patients undergoing CTO PCI.

PO-638-07 GUIDING CATHETER ABLATION COMBINED WITH LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSION PROCEDURE BY FLUOROSCOPY WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ACHIEVED COMPARABLE OUTCOMES

Several studies published the safety and efficacy of performing catheter ablation (CA) combined with left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAC) guided by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). However, intra-procedural TEE monitoring could be difficult as some patients are intolerant. To compare safety and efficacy of guiding CA combined with LAAO by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with or without TEE. From February 2019 to December 2020, 138 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent CA combined with LAAO procedure were consecutively included, and two cohorts were built according to intra-procedural guidance (DSA or DSA with TEE). Periprocedural and follow-up outcomes were compared to investigate the feasibility and safety between the two cohorts. 71 patients and 67 patients were included in DSA cohort and TEE cohort respectively. Age and gender were comparable, despite TEE cohort has a higher proportion of persistent AF [37 (55.2%) VS 26 (36.6%)] and hemorrhage history [9 (13.4%) VS 0]. The procedure time of the DSA cohort was significantly reduced (95.7±27.6 min VS 108.9±30.3 min, P=0.018), with a non-significant longer fluoroscopic time (15.2±5.4 min vs 14.4±7.1 min, P=0.074) All combined procedure was performed successfully in both cohorts. And the overall incidence of peri-procedural complications were similar between cohorts. After an average of 24 months of clinical follow-up, only three patients in the TEE cohort had ≤ 3mm residual flow (P=0.232). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed non-significant differences between the cohorts for freedom from atrial arrhythmia (log-rank P value=0.964), major adverse cardiovascular events (log-rank P value=0.502) and other events. Compared with DSA and TEE guidance, DSA-guided combined procedure could shorten procedural time, while achieve similar periprocedural and long-term feasibility and safety.

Ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia: A randomized comparison between midline and paramedian approaches

Study objectiveNeuraxial ultrasonography can improve the technical performance of spinal anesthesia. However, there are no data regarding the optimal approach for ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia. This study aimed to compare the midline and paramedian approaches for ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia in adult orthopedic patients. DesignA single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. SettingOperating room. PatientsOne hundred and twelve patients undergoing orthopedic surgery were included. InterventionsPatients were randomized to undergo either the midline or paramedian approach for preprocedural ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia. MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the number of needle passes required for successful dural puncture. Secondary outcomes were the number of needle insertions, first pass/attempt success rate, procedural time, and the incidence of periprocedural complications. Main resultsThe median number of needle passes was significantly lower in the paramedian group (1 [IQR, 1–2]) than in the midline group (3 [2–6]; P < 0.001). The paramedian approach showed higher first pass/attempt success rates compared with the midline group (58.9% vs. 21.4%; 91.1% vs. 53.6%; both, P < 0.001). Total procedure times were significantly shorter in the paramedian group than in the midline group (113 [72.5–146.5] vs. 196 [138–298.5] seconds; P < 0.001). The quality of sonographic images was graded as good in 94.6% of paramedian sagittal oblique views and 54.5% of transverse median views. No significant intergroup differences were found in the incidence of periprocedural complications. ConclusionsCompared with the midline approach, the ultrasound-assisted paramedian approach showed improved efficacy in terms of the number of needle manipulations, first pass success rates, and procedural time. These results suggest that the paramedian approach may be more efficient for preprocedural ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia. Trial registration numberNCT03491943

Feasibility of robot-assisted neuroendovascular procedures.

Geographic factors prevent equitable access to urgent advanced neuroendovascular treatments. Robotic technologies may enable remote endovascular procedures in the future. The authors performed a translational, benchtop-to-clinical study to evaluate the in vitro and clinical feasibility of the CorPath GRX Robotic System for robot-assisted endovascular neurointerventional procedures. A series of bench studies was conducted using patient-specific 3D-printed models to test the system's compatibility with standard neurointerventional devices, including microcatheters, microwires, coils, intrasaccular devices, and stents. Optimal baseline setups for various procedures were determined. The models were further used to rehearse clinical cases. Subsequent to these investigations, a prospective series of 6 patients was treated using robotic assistance for complex, wide-necked intracranial saccular aneurysms between November 2019 and February 2020. The technical success, incidence of periprocedural complications, and need for conversion to manual procedures were evaluated. The ideal robotic setup for treatment of both anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms was determined to consist of an 80-cm guide catheter with a 115-cm-long intermediate catheter, a microcatheter between 150 and 170 cm in length, and a microwire with a minimum length of 300 cm. All coils, intrasaccular devices, and stents tested were compatible with the system and could be advanced or retracted safely and placed accurately. All 6 clinical procedures were technically successful, with all intracranial steps being performed robotically with no conversions to manual intervention or failures of the robotic system. There were no procedure-related complications or adverse clinical outcomes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of robot-assisted neurointerventional procedures. The authors' results represent an important step toward enabling remote neuroendovascular care and geographic equalization of advanced endovascular treatments through so-called telestroke intervention.

Peripheral intravascular lithotripsy for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a multicentre observational study.

The presence of severe calcific atherosclerosis at the iliofemoral axis may preclude transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) by the transfemoral (TF) approach. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a novel technology that fractures intimal/medial calcium and increases vessel compliance allowing TF TAVI in selected patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). The aim of this study was to report on the safety and efficacy of IVL-assisted TF TAVI in an all-comers population. Clinical, imaging and procedural data on all consecutive patients treated by IVL-assisted TF TAVI in six high-volume European centres (2018-2020) were collected in this prospective, real-world, multicentre registry. IVL-assisted TF TAVI was performed in 108 patients, increasing from 2.4% to 6.5% of all TAVI from 2018 to 2020, respectively. The target lesion was most often localised at the common and/or external iliac artery (93.5% of cases; average TL-MLD 4.6±0.9 mm with 318 degrees of calcium arc). Transfemoral aortic valve delivery was successful in 100% of cases; final procedural success in 98.2% (two conversions to cardiac open surgery for annular rupture and valve migration). Complications of the IVL-treated segments consisted of 1 perforation and 3 major dissections requiring stent implantation (2 covered stents and 2 BMS). Access-site-related complications included 3 major bleedings. Three in-hospital deaths were recorded (2.8%, 1 failed surgical conversion after annular rupture, 1 cardiac arrest after initial valvuloplasty, 1 late hyperkalaemia in renal dysfunction). IVL-assisted TF TAVI proved to be a safe and effective approach, which helps to expand the indications for TF TAVI in patients with severe calcific PAD. However, these patients continue to have a higher-than-average incidence of periprocedural complications.

Impact of obesity on acute complications of catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmia.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing. However, data on the periprocedural complication rate of catheter ablation for arrhythmia in patients stratified by body mass index (BMI) arescarce. This study included 1000 consecutive patients (age 62.0 ± 14.4 years) undergoing catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmia. The primary study endpoint was any periprocedural major complication (cardiac tamponade, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, transient ischemic attack, stroke, valve damage, myocardial infarction, or death). The mean BMI was 27.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2 and the majority of patients were overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 , 43.4%). A BMI of 30.0-34.9 kg/m2 (Class I obesity) was present in 177 (17.7%) of patients, a BMI of 35.0-39.9 kg/m2 (Class II obesity) in 67 (6.7%), and a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (Class III obesity) in 16 (1.6%). There were 31 major complications (3.1%) and one fatality (0.1%) due to terminal heart failure in a patient undergoing palliative ventricular tachycardiaablation. There was no significant impact of the BMI on the rate of major complications (p = .495). Compared to normal weight patients, odds ratios for complications in overweight patients, as well as Class I, II, and III obesity were 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 1.7), 1.3 (CI: 0.6, 2.6), 1.4 (CI: 0.5, 4.1), and 1.6 (CI: 0.4, 6.3), respectively. Radiation exposure and procedure duration were significantly increased in obese patients (p < .001 and p = .001, respectively). In this study, obesity did not have a significant impact on the incidence of periprocedural complications after CA for cardiac arrhythmia.

Different Kinetics of Activated Clotting Time Among Uninterrupted Oral Anticoagulants During Catheter Ablation Procedure.

Activated clotting time (ACT) kinetics under uninterrupted oral anticoagulants (OACs) has not been fully evaluated. The present study is sought to validate ACT kinetics including stability under uninterrupted use of OACs during an ablation procedure in daily clinical practice. We prospectively enrolled consecutive 554 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter ablation procedure under uninterrupted OACs. We evaluated ACT kinetics at an interval of 15 minutes during the procedure and periprocedural complications among 5 OACs (dabigatran [N = 46], rivaroxaban [N = 125], apixaban [N = 129], edoxaban [N = 184], and warfarin [N = 70]). Compared with the dabigatran group, time to achieve target ACT was significantly longer in the rivaroxaban and apixaban groups, but not in the edoxaban and warfarin groups (8.7 vs 11.7 minutes, P < .001; 13.3 minutes, P < .001; 8.8 minutes, P = .64; 10.3 minutes, P = .19, respectively). Heparin dose to achieve target ACT was comparable except for the warfarin group, whereas, compared with the dabigatran group, time in therapeutic range of ACT within the first hour was comparable in the rivaroxaban and apixaban group but significantly lower in the edoxaban and warfarin groups (73.7 % vs 63.0%, P = .06; 67.0 %, P = .16; 59.2 %, P = .001; 58.2%, P = .004, respectively). In multiple regression analysis, low body weight, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and morning session had significant associations with time and heparin dose to achieve target ACT, and there were positive associations of dabigatran and apixaban with time in therapeutic range of ACT within the first hour. The incidence of periprocedural complications did not significantly differ among the 5 groups. Under uninterrupted OAC use in daily clinical practice, dabigatran showed faster achievement of target ACT and higher stability of ACT than other OACs.

Periprocedural complications and one-year outcomes after catheter ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation in elderly patients: a nationwide Danish cohort study.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate complications within 30-days following first-time ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), including a composite of cardiac tamponade, hematoma requiring intervention, stroke or death, in patients ≥ 75 years of age, compared to patients aged 65−74 years. In addition, one-year all-cause mortality and AF relapse were compared.METHODS & RESULTSAll patients receiving their first catheter ablation for AF between 2012 and 2016 were identified using Danish nationwide registries. Patients aged 65−74 years served as the reference group for patients ≥ 75 years. Relapse of AF within one year was defined as cardioversion following a three-month blanking period, re-ablation or confirmed relapse within follow-up. The composite complication outcome did not differ between the two age groups, with 39/1554 (2.8%) in patients 65−74 years of age, versus 5/199 (2.5%) in older patients (adjusted HR = 0.94), 95% CI: 0.37−2.39, P = 0.896). Patients ≥ 75 years or older had no increased hazard of death within 30 days after the procedure, with an incidence of 3/1554 (0.2%) in younger patients and 2/199 (1.0%) in patients ≥ 75 years of age (adjusted HR = 4.71, 95% CI: 0.78−28.40, P = 0.091). There was no difference in relapse of AF after one year between age groups (≥ 75 years adjusted HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.78-1.26, P = 0.969). CONCLUSIONIn patients ≥ 75 years of age selected for catheter ablation for AF, the incidence of periprocedural complications, as well as one-year freedom from AF showed no statistical difference, when compared to patients 65−74 years of age.

Urgent transcatheter aortic valve implantation in an all-comer population: a single-centre experience

BackgroundWhen compared with older reports of untreated symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (AoS), urgent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (u-TAVI) seems to improve mortality rates. We performed a single centre, retrospective cohort analysis to characterize our u-TAVI population and to identify potential predictors of worse outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 631 consecutive TAVI patients between 2013 and 2018. Of these patients, 53 were categorized as u-TAVI. Data was collected from the local electronic database.ResultsUrgent patients had more often a severely decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 30%) and increased creatinine levels (115.5 [88–147] vs 94.5 [78–116] mmol/l; p = 0.001). Urgent patients were hospitalised for 18 [10–28] days before and discharged 6 [4–9] days after the implantation. The incidence of peri-procedural complications and apical implantations was comparable among the study groups. Urgent patients had higher in-hospital (11.3% vs 3.1%; p = 0.011) and 1-year mortality rates (28.2% vs 8.5%, p < 0.001). An increased risk of one-year mortality was associated with urgency (HR 3.5; p < 0.001), apical access (HR 1.9; p = 0.016) and cerebrovascular complications (HR 4.3; p = 0.002). Within the urgent group, the length of pre-hospital admission was the only significant predictor of 1-year mortality (HR 1.037/day; p = 0.003).ConclusionsCompared to elective procedures, u-TAVI led to increased mortality and comparable complication rates. This detrimental effect is most likely related to the length of pre-procedural hospitalisation of urgent patients.

Abstract 13597: Poorer Outcomes Associated With More Invasive Lead Management Strategies for Abbott Riata® Leads in a Large, Multi-Center Retrospective Study

Introduction: Abbott Riata® (AR) leads are prone to conductor externalization but have similar annual failure rates compared to industry benchmarks. A recent multi-center study showed that lead extraction (LE), lead abandonment (LA), and generator change only (GC) have similar long-term outcomes for the recalled Sprint Fidelis® and AR leads when analyzed collectively. However, a study evaluating only AR lead management with these strategies has not been done. We sought to evaluate if outcomes are worse with more invasive strategies (LE and LA) vs. GC when managing AR leads. Hypothesis: To compare outcomes after LE, LA, and GC strategies for AR leads. Methods: This is a 5-center, retrospective study evaluating LE, LA and GC strategies for AR. The incidence of peri-procedural complications, 60-day extended or repeat hospitalization [ERHOSP], death within 60 days, subsequent lead malfunctions, and long-term mortality were compared amongst LE, LA, and GC strategies. Results: 165 patients (65± 13 years, 68% male) were followed for a mean 33 ± 30 months following intervention. Outcomes are listed on Table 1. Total AR lead dwell time follow-up was 16633 months. A total of 3 AR lead malfunctions were noted during long-term follow-up. Inappropriate shocks were similar between LE 7.7% (1/13), LA 6.3% (1/16) and GC 11.0% (15/136); P=0.74. Conclusions: More invasive lead management (LE and LA) resulted in increased death within 60 days and ERHOSP after adjusting for long-term lead malfunction with GC. Long-term mortality was also more favorable in the GC group. AR leads should only be extracted or revised if they demonstrate evidence of lead malfunction when the device reaches end of life.

Coronary Stenting versus Bypass Graft Surgery for Management of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: There is a lack of published research that compare stenting versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. This research compared the safety and efficacy of stents versus CABG for patients with LMCA disease in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted to retrieve the records of LMCA who underwent coronary stenting or CABG. We compared both techniques in terms of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and postoperative complications. Results: Sixty patients were included (30 patients in each group). The incidence of periprocedural mortality was equal between PCI and CABG groups (6.7% versus 10%). Likewise, the overall incidence of periprocedural complications was comparable between both groups (13.3% versus 20%). The incidence of immediate post procedural complications was 20% and 30% in PCI and CABG groups, respectively (p =0.37). Likewise, the rate of immediate post procedural mortality was 3.3% and 6.7%, respectively (p =1.0). Both groups exhibited similar rates of late post procedural complications as well (p =0.25). Conclusion: In conclusion, PCI and CABG had comparable postoperative outcomes in LMCA patients in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Further randomized controlled trials with larger sample size and longer follow-up period are required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of both techniques in such patients.

How to reduce uncommon but severe transcatheter aortic valve implantation complications: stroke, thrombosis, endocarditis, cognitive decline?

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become a valid alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, regardless of baseline surgical risk. The incidence of periprocedural complications has steadily declined over the years, thanks to technical advancement of transcatheter heart valves, delivery systems, and increased operators’ experience. Beyond the most common periprocedural complications, there are a few uncommon but potentially severe complications that more often occur during follow-up, although they may also arise in the periprocedural phase. Stroke, infective endocarditis, valve thrombosis, and cognitive decline are among them. In this brief review, we describe the incidence, predictive factors, and potential preventive measures for those events.

New hope for patients and challenges for the multidisciplinary arrhythmia team: a hybrid convergent approach for atrial fibrillation treatment.

Available data suggest the important role of ablation of the left atrial posterior wall and epicardial myocardial layers in rhythm control therapy in patients with persistent drug‑refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). However, endocardial ablation is not always effective in transmural substrate modification. The alternative treatment option is minimally invasive hybrid approach (HABL) combining the strengths of surgical and catheter ablation. This study aimed to assess the periprocedural safety as well as acute and long‑term outcomes of HABL for AF. This is a retrospective single‑center study of patients who underwent HABL using the minimally invasive transabdominal approach between July 2009 and January 2020. Demographic in‑hospital data and 12‑month follow‑up results were obtained. The number of hospitalizations, cardioversions, re‑ablations, and severe adverse events in a 3‑year period before and after HABL were compared using data from the national healthcare provider. In total, 158 patients (mean [SD] age, 51.02 [10.67] years) who underwent HABL were included; 61.4% had persistent AF. There was a 4.4% incidence of periprocedural complications without any fatalities. In 66% of patients, additional endocardial substrate modification was needed, in 52.6% on the posterior wall. In the 12‑month follow‑up, most patients (78.3%) remained free of arrhythmias. There was a significant reduction in the number of hospitalizations (for AF, 1.65 vs 0.54; or any other cause, 2.56 vs 1.31 per patient), cardioversions, and re‑ablations after HABL (all P <0.05). The hybrid multidisciplinary approach for treatment of AF is a safe and very effective treatment method in long‑term follow‑up, which reduces healthcare burden. It could be considered as an alternative therapeutic option especially in patients with persistent AF.