Incidence Of Ovarian Cysts Research Articles

РОЛЬ СЕЛЕНА В ОРГАНИЗМЕ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

This article presents the role of selenium and the effects of selenium additives in cattle. Selenium is an essential trace element for cattle. The daily requirement for selenium in cattle varies between 100– 300 µg/kg of dry matter. Diets with high content of vitamin E, calcium, sulfur, and lead reduce the availability of selenium from the ration. The inclusion of selenium into the ration is accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of ovarian cysts and mastitis in postpartum period of cows. At the same time, the increase in fertility with the addition of selenium is associated with a decrease in embryonic death during the first month of pregnancy. The inclusion of selenium into the rations of fattening bulls is accompanied by an increase in weight growth. At the same time, the authors explain the lack of effect of selenium additives on the average daily gain by the peculiarity of selenium-dependent proteins to a delayed response to rising levels the selenium level in organism of fattening bulls. It has been established that the inclusion of additional sources of selenium have no a significant effect on the fatty acid profile of the meat from beef bulls, with the exception of linoleic and palmitic acids.

Sonographic changes in ovary after use of tamoxifen in breast cancer.

Objective: To assess the sonographic changes in ovary after tamoxifen use in BC patients presenting at tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Quasi-experimental Investigation. Setting: Department of Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center’s. Period: June 2022 to April 2023. Material & Methods: The study targeted all female subjects aged between 25 to 65 years who were identified with hormone receptor-positive BC and had undergone TMF management at a dose of 20 mg/day. Preceding to the instigation of the treatment, the subjects underwent sonographic examination of the ovaries, and the changes were evaluated after 6 months. The presence of sonolucencies exceeding the diameter of 30mm, was regarded as ovarian cysts. SPSS version 23 was used for the statistical analysis of the obtained data. Results: This study’s findings imply that the population under investigation had a mean age of 37.94 years (±7.56), while 25.59 kg/m2 (±5.82) was the mean body mass index (BMI). In terms of the duration of use of TMF, it was reported that 47.7% of participants used it for one year or less, whereas 52.3% used it for more than one year. Among the 107 patients with breast cancer (BC), 11.2% developed ovarian cysts following the use of TMF, while 88.8% did not show any evidence of ovarian cysts on sonography. Furthermore, the grade of breast cancer showed a strong association with the occurrence of ovarian cysts, as evidenced by the p-value of 0.035. Conclusion: The consumption of TMF by patients with breast cancer may lead to the growth of ovarian cysts. The grade of breast cancer was found to be significantly linked with the incidence of ovarian cysts, suggesting that higher-grade tumors may have a greater impact on the ovaries.

DETERMINAN KEJADIAN KISTA OVARIUM PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DI KABUPATEN BALANGAN MENGGUNAKAN REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER

Ovarian cysts are the most common gynecologic cases of many gynecologic cancers. Ovarian cyst is a disease that causes many deaths. This high mortality rate is due to the fact that the disease is initially asymptomatic and only causes complaints when metastases have occurred so that 60-70% of patients come at an advanced stage. Based on the results of the 2007 Basic Health Research survey, the number of patients with ovarian cysts in South Kalimantan was 1,2% of 56 respondents. This study took a case study in a district in South Kalimantan, namely Balangan Regency with the aim of explaining the characteristics of the distribution of ovarian cysts and the factors that influence the incidence of ovarian cysts in women of childbearing age in Balangan Regency using binary logistic regression method. Based on descriptive statistical analysis, it was found that the distribution characteristics of ovarian cyst sufferers were from 59 people who had checked for cyst symptoms at Balangan Hospital, 46 people were known to have cysts, while 13 people were not known to have cysts. Based on binary logistic regression analysis, the factors that influence the incidence of ovarian cysts for data on the incidence of ovarian cysts in Balangan Hospital are parity and employment status, while the age factor has no significant effect. Using the Odss Ratio (OR) parity value, patients with nulliparous status had a 0,033 higher risk of developing ovarian cysts than patients with multiparous status. using the OR value of the occupational status patients who had a job had a 0,014 higher risk of developing ovarian cysts than patients who did not have a job. Keywords: Ovarian cysts, Logistic binary, Odds Ratio.

Microstructural evidence of reversal of PCOS by steroidal saponins of asparagus racemosus in PCOS induced rats

The purpose of this study is to investigate the histological and hormonal observations in fructose-fed, letrozole-induced polycysticovarian- syndrome (PCOS) rats treated with various doses of extract of asparagus racemosus (EAR) and Steroidal saponin (SAPO). 48 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 8 groups, including Vehicle Control (VC); PCOS; EAR 400 mg/kg; SAPO 40 mg/kg; PCOS + EAR 200 mg/kg; PCOS + EAR 400 mg/kg; PCOS + SAPO 20 mg/ kg; PCOS + SAPO 40 mg/kg. PCOS group was administered letrozole at a concentration of 1 mg/kg dissolved in 1% CMC per oral(p.o.) once daily for 28 days. Along with these, rats were allowed free access of 10% fructose solution daily. Calculated dosages of EAR and SAPO were given with oral gavage for 30 days. During experimental period, vaginal smears were collected daily for estrus cycle determination. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hormonal assay. Ovaries were removed to proceed with histopathological study. Slides were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. When compared to the vehicle control group, PCOS ovaries had a higher incidence of ovarian cysts, incomplete luteinization, and a lower number of corpus lutea. Although serum estradiol, progesterone, and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were lower in the PCOS group, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were higher. The findings of this study indicated that taking EAR 400 mg/kg and SAPO 40mg/kg orally could alleviate PCOS-related symptoms. It appears that consuming SAPO 40mg/kg reduces LH and testosterone levels while increasing FSH, estrogen, and progesterone hormone levels. Because of the hormonal balancing nature of these drugs, EAR 400mg/kg- and SAPO 40mg/ kg-treated rats had a lower number of cystic follicles and a higher number of corpora lutea. In PCOS rats, this results in a normal process of folliculogenesis and ovulation. In the current study, we observed that SAPO 40mg/kg is better compared to EAR 400mg/kg treatment.

7407 A Self-Made Bag Assisted LESS in Ovarian Teratomectomy during Pregnancy

<h3>Study Objective</h3> To show how ovarian teratoma during Pregnancy can be safely managed with laparoendoscopic single-site surgery. <h3>Design</h3> Stepwise demonstration of the technique with narrated video footage. <h3>Setting</h3> The reported incidence of ovarian cysts in pregnancy varies from 0.05% to 1.2%, Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery adnexal cyst during pregnancy does not increase the risk of mother and fetus. LESS has better postoperative recovery. However, conventional laparoscopic surgery is safer than LESS. <h3>Patients or Participants</h3> The patient was a 31-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at gestational age of 15 weeks who was diagnosed with 5.6*4.1cm right ovarian teratoma and 2.0*2.3cm left ovarian cyst. Teratomectomy was performed at the same time of the previous cesarean section in 2018. <h3>Interventions</h3> A Self-made Bag Assisted LESS approach to ovarian teratoma with several key strategies to minimize fetal impact, ovarian damage, blood loss: 1. Make a retrieval bag before surgery with inner packaging bag of the disposable suction tube. 2. Place the affected ovary in the retrieval bag and pull the bottom of the retrieval bag to the umbilicus. To reduce the stimulation of the uterus by surgical procedures. 3. Cut the surface of the affected ovary with a cold blade to reduce ovarian damage. 4.Cut the teratoma pedicle with an ultrasonic knife to reduce bleeding. <h3>Measurements and Main Results</h3> N/A. <h3>Conclusion</h3> When performing an ovarian cystectomy under LESS, we could use upside-down specimen bag to remove the cyst from abdominal cavity conveniently, quickly and with no pollution. Self-made specimen bag is cost-saving, convenient to use. The operation has the least impact on the pregnant uterus and avoids the impact on the fetus. And cold knife and suture are used in the operation to maximize the protection of ovarian function.

Ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts

Effects of supplemental manganese on ovarian cysts incidence and reproductive performance in early lactation Holstein cows

The current study was objected to determine the effect of increased levels of manganese from manganese glycine (Mn-Gly) on ovarian cysts incidence and reproductive performance of multiparous Holstein dairy cows. Five hundred-seven multiparous Holstein cows (178 cows in second parity and 329 cows in third or greater parity) were blocked based on parity (2 or ≥ 3), body condition score (BCS), and previous lactation milk yield and randomly allocated to one of three treatments providing 0 (CON; n = 180), 40 (40 Mn; n = 178), and 80 (80 Mn; n = 149) mg of supplemental Mn/kg of DM from Mn-Gly. The experimental treatments were fed from calving to 100 DIM, and the CON diet in fresh and high-producing cows contained 64 and 46 mg of Mn/kg DM as MnSO4, respectively. Blood samples were taken from 50 cows in each treatment at 0, 14, 28, 42, 60, and 90 DIM for serum metabolites determination. A subset of 12 cows per treatment group was randomly chosen to measure whole blood concentration of Mn at 0 and 90 DIM. Milk yield and composition were recorded monthly up to 150 DIM. The evaluation of BCS was performed monthly. Ovaries from 50 cows per treatment were examined by transrectal ultrasonography at 43 ± 2 DIM to monitor ovarian structures. Days in milk at first service, pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) at first and second service, pregnancy rate at 150 DIM, the number of service per conception, and days to pregnancy were recorded. Within the first 60 DIM, 24 cows were culled and no treatment effect was noted (P = 0.66). Relative to CON, cows fed 80 Mn had lower ovarian cysts incidence (P = 0.05; 17.5 ± 6.2 vs. 2.0 ± 1.9 %), and 40Mn cows tended to be have decreased ovarian cysts incidence (P = 0.1; 17.5 ± 6.2 vs. 7.6 ± 4.0 %). The percentage of follicles ≥ 3 mm diameter was not affected by treatments (P = 0.18). Cows fed 40Mn and 80Mn treatments tended (P = 0.08) to increase corpus luteum (CL) percentage on ovaries than CON treatment (72.0 ± 7.1 and 76.0 ± 6.7 vs. 56.0 ± 8.1%). The concentrations of serum glucose (P < 0.01) and cholesterol (P < 0.01) was enhanced by Mn supplementation to diets, but serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus concentrations were not influenced by treatments (P> 0.1). No treatments effect were observed for days in milk at first service, P/AI at the first service, pregnancy rate at 150 DIM, the number of service per conception, and days open (P > 0.1). However, P/AI at the second service tended (P = 0.07) to increase by Mn supplementation to diets, as second service P/AI was 9.1 and 15.8% greater for 40 Mn and 80 Mn cows than CON cows. The changes of BCS were affected by treatments (P = 0.02), as the 80 Mn cows had smaller body condition losses during experimental period. Yield of milk tended (P = 0.1) to be higher for 40 Mn compared with CON (47.67, 49.0, and 48.71 kg/day for CON, 40 Mn and 80 Mn, respectively), but no difference was found between 80 Mn and CON. Increasing the levels of Mn in the diets (P < 0.01) reduced milk fat and protein content. In general, supplementing the diet with 80 mg Mn/kg DM using Mn-Gly decreased the incidence of ovarian cysts, increased the presence of CL on the ovaries and improved second- service P/AI.

A prospective, randomized study of Toremifene vs. tamoxifen for the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer: safety and genital symptom analysis

BackgroundToremifene (TOR) is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and has comparable efficacy to that of tamoxifen (TAM) in breast cancer patients. Herein, we compared the safety of TOR to that of TAM in the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal breast cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective randomized and open-label clinical study. Premenopausal patients with hormonal receptor (HR)-positive early breast cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive TOR) or TAM treatment. The follow-up period was 1 year. The primary end point was the incidence of ovarian cysts, and secondary end points were the incidence of endometrial thickening, changes in female hormones, the incidence of fatty liver, changes in the modified Kupperman index (mKMI) and changes in quality of life.ResultsThere were 92 patients in the final analysis. The incidences of ovarian cysts were 42.6% in the TOR group and 51.1% in the TAM group (p = 0.441). Forty-one patients (87.2%) in the TOR group and 36 patients (80.0%) in the TAM group experienced endometrial thickening (p = 0.348). The proportions of patients with fatty liver were 31.9% in the TOR group and 26.7% in the TAM group (p = 0.581). No significant differences in the mKMI or quality of life were observed between the two groups.ConclusionsTOR and TAM have similar side effects on the female genital system and quality of life in premenopausal early breast cancer patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02344940. Registered 26 January 2015 (retrospectively registered).

Letrozole and human menopausal gonadotropin for ovulation induction in clomiphene resistance polycystic ovary syndrome patients

Objective:To compare the effects of letrozole and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) resistant to clomiphene citrate (CC).Methods:A total of 96 clomiphene resistance polycystic ovary syndrome patients infertility were randomly divided into an LE group, and HMG group (n = 48). LE group orally received letrozole at 5.0 mg/d−1 on the 3rd–5th days of menstrual cycle for 5 consecutive days, and 75 U/d−1 HMG was given through intramuscular injection for 5 days starting from the third day of menstrual cycle in HMG group. Number of growing and mature follicles, serum E2 (pg/mL), serum P (ng/mL), endometrial thickness, occurrence of pregnancy and miscarriage were observed.Results:There was no significant difference in the number of ovulation cycles between the 2 groups (53.6% vs 64.7%, P > .05). The number of mature follicular cycles in the HMG group was higher than that of the letrozole group (P < .01). There were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate (22.9% vs 27.1%, P > .05) and abortion rate (6.2% vs 10.4%, P > .05). There was no significant difference in the endometrial thickness between the 2 groups on the day of HCG injection [(9.1 ± 0.2) mm vs (10.7 ± 1.6) mm, P > .05]; the serum estradiol (E2) was lower in the letrozole group. The incidence of ovarian cysts was lower than that of HMG group (P < .05). There was2 ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the letrozole group; the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the HMG group was 12.5%.Conclusion:Letrozole-induced ovulation can obtain ovulation rate and pregnancy rate similar to gonadotropin, but reduce the risk associated with treatment. It can be used as an effective ovulation option for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who are resistant to clomiphene.

THE RISK FACTORS OF MENSTRUATION CYCLE AND LIFESTYLE TO THE PREVALENCE OF THE OVARY CYST IN GENERAL HOSPITAL DISTRICT IN KONAWE

Background: In Indonesia the incidence of ovarian cysts in 2015 as many as 23,400, people are expected to die as many as 13,900 people (59.40%). Preliminary studies shows that in BLUDs Konawe Hospital, Medical Records Data Obtained data on cases of ovarian cysts in 2016 as many as 57 people, in 2017 were 62 people, while In 2018, there were 87 cases.The purpose of this study was to Determine the risk factors for ovarian cysts at the Regional Public Service Board of Konawe Hospital.&#x0D; Methods:This is a case control study. The population of the case were all the Patients with ovarian cyst in 2018 as many as 106 people. Population control Patients were all admitted in Midwifery both outpatient and inpatient undiagnosed ovarian cyst in 2018 as many as 1,396 people. Sampling was done by simple random sampling. Controls were taken by purposive sampling method using a matching age. Data were collected through questionnaires and Analyzed using odds ratios (OR).&#x0D; Results: The results Showed that the odds ratio of the menstrual cycle = 2,918 and lifestyle with OR = 12 969. Therefore the value of the odds ratio (OR≥ 1) then all variables are risk factors for the incidence of ovarian cysts.&#x0D; Conclusion: Conclusion of this study is menstrual cycles and lifestyle being the risk factor to the incidence of ovarian cysts in BLUDs Konawe.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Interrelationships among plasma metabolites, production, and ovarian follicular function in dairy cows

Associations of blood metabolites and production variables with ovarian function and parity, specifically, interval to first ovulation (IFO) and the incidence of ovarian cysts (OC) and multiple ovulation (MOV) at the first ovulation postpartum, were determined in lactating dairy cows. This retrospective study involved data on 169 Holstein cows from three studies on the same herd. Blood samples were taken weekly from week −1 to week 4, relative to calving, and transrectal ultrasonography was performed twice weekly from day 7 to day 60 postpartum. The overall IFO was 32.6 ± 1.9 d (mean ± SEM) and did not differ among lactations. Primiparous cows were at a greater risk of failing to ovulate before day 60 postpartum and cows in the third or greater lactation were at a higher risk for OC and MOV. Blood metabolites and production variables indicating a negative energy balance were associated with cows failing to ovulate before day 35 postpartum, but were not related with OC. Increased dry matter intake and milk yield, particularly in second lactation cows, were associated with a higher incidence of OC. While beta-hydroxybutyrate acid and insulin-like growth factor 1 were associated with MOV, the relationship was weak. Reducing negative energy balance is necessary to reduce IFO but may increase the incidence of MOV.

Genital Tract Pathology in Female Pet Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus): a Retrospective Study of 655 Post-mortem and 64 Biopsy Cases

Disorders of the female genital tract are among the most common disorders in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus); however, knowledge of many aspects of these disorders is sparse, especially regarding their incidence and age distribution. Ovarian cysts, as the most common genital tract disorder in guinea pigs, have been investigated in detail; however, information on the nature of these cysts is inconsistent. The present study reviewed genital tract disorders occurring within 655 full post-mortem examinations of intact female pet guinea pigs and 64 female genital tract biopsies examined over a 22.5 year period. Age distribution was determined from 550 post-mortem examinations of animals of known age. Genital tract disorders were found in 295 post-mortem examinations (45.0%) in animals with a median age of 52 months. Additionally, disorders were found in all genital tract biopsy samples from guinea pigs with a median age of 48 months. The incidence of genital tract diseases increased from 1.5% in guinea pigs ≤6 months of age to up to 77.8% in animals >6 years of age. Ovarian cysts were the most common genital tract disorder, found in 245 of the 655 post-mortem cases (37.4%) and 38 of 43 ovarian biopsy samples (88.4%). The incidence of ovarian cysts increased with advancing age, reaching 75.6% in animals >6 years. In 119 cases, histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed cystic rete ovarii as the only cyst type. A Fallopian tube adenoma was found in a single case, so disorders of the Fallopian tube should be considered rare. Uterine disorders were diagnosed in 17.4% of the post-mortem examinations and 98.1% of uterine biopsy samples. Uterine neoplasia, hyperplasia and inflammation were common, but occurred at different ages. The incidence of uterine neoplasia and hyperplasia was higher in older animals (>15% in guinea pigs >6 years), while the incidence of uterine inflammation was the highest (17.9%) in animals aged 7-12 months. An association between ovarian cysts and uterine neoplasia or hyperplasia was not evident. Vaginal disorders were rare and included leiomyoma, polyps and vaginitis.

Co-existence of benign gynecological tumors with endometriosis in a group of 1,000 women.

The purpose of this study was two-fold, first to investigate the association between endometriosis and the risk of benign gynecologic tumors and, secondly, to evaluate the distribution of endometrioma and ovarian cysts in women with endometriosis. The medical and pathological reports of 1,000 women with endometriosis were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of ovarian cysts, uterine leiomyomas and adenomyosis, as well as the side of ovarian cysts were further compared. A total of 295 cases of endometriomas, 172 cases of adenomyosis, 173 cases of ovarian cysts and 89 cases of uterine leiomyomas were confirmed histologically in patients with endometriosis. Serous cysts represented the most frequent diagnosis (n=81, 8.1%) in women with ovarian cysts, followed by dermoid cysts (n=15, 1.2%). In women with unilateral endometriomas, the observed proportion of left-sided cysts was found in 65.6% (164 of 250), significantly higher compared with right-sided cysts (86 out of 250, 34.4%) (P<0.001). Moreover, patients with other ovarian cysts were recognized as left-sided in 60% (96 out of 160) of cases, significantly higher compared with right-sided cysts (64 out of 160, 40%) (P<0.01). On the whole, the current study indicates that endometriosis may be associated with an increased risk of benign gynecological tumors, such as ovarian cysts, adenomyosis and leiomyomas. The results of this study confirm a left lateral predisposition of endometriomas and ovarian cysts.

Tumores benignos en gineco-obstetricia. Tumores benignos de ovario, diagnóstico, clínica y manejo en el embarazo

Los tumores del ovario son relativamente frecuentes durante el embarazo. Eastman y Hellman informan una incidencia de quistes ováricos durante la gestación de 1 en 81 y Grimes y col. señalan que uno de cada 328 embarazos presentan un quiste suficientemente grande como para significar riesgo.

Current diagnosis and management of ovarian cysts

The epidemiology of ovarian cysts is unclear due to the lack of consistent reporting and a high likelihood of spontaneous resolution. In the USA, postmenopausal women have an ovarian cyst incidence of 18% over a 15-year period. Worldwide, about 7% of women have an ovarian cyst at some point in their lives. In Europe, a large screening trial revealed a 21.2% incidence of ovarian cysts among healthy postmenopausal women. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) stated that simple cysts found on ultrasound may be safely followed without intervention, even in postmenopausal women. These cysts are not likely cancer precursors, nor markers of increased risk, and can be managed conservatively. Simple ovarian cysts appear to be stable or resolve by the next annual examination. These findings support recent recommendations to follow unilocular simple cysts in postmenopausal women without intervention. For those patients, ovarian cancer screening and follow up include a CA-125 blood test and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) at baseline, an annual TVU for three additional years, and annual CA-125 tests for five years beyond baseline. The TVU screening examination is considered positive (abnormal and suspicious for ovarian cancer) when findings included: 1) ovarian volume greater than 10 cubic cm; 2) cyst volume greater than ten cubic cm; 3) any solid area or papillary projection extending into the cavity of a cystic ovarian tumor of any size; or, 4) any mixed (solid/cystic) component within a cystic ovarian tumor. Women with positive screening examinations are referred to gynecologic oncology unit for follow-up investigation. Diagnostic consideration and surgical management of ovarian cysts are discussed.

Explorando os efeitos da sincronização do segundo estro e flushing alimentar sobre a incidência de cistos ovarianos em marrãs utilizando gonadotrofinas exógenas

Estrus stimulation by exogenous gonadotropins (EG) in association with dietary flushing is an important tool for the improvement of gilt reproductive performance. However, there is evidence associating both flushing and EG with a disturbance in the endocrine balance that could lead to increased ovarian cysts. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether flushing or EG might affect the ovulation rate and the incidence of ovarian cysts. Seventy-one gilts were randomly distributed into 2x2 factorial design with four treatments: flushing and hormone (wFwH); no flushing and hormone (nFwH); flushing without hormone (wFnH); and neither flushing nor hormone (nFnH). Gilts were slaughtered for macroscopic and histopathological ovary examination approximately five days after AI. The characterization of these cysts was performed by optical microscopy in the following: follicular cysts (FC), luteinized cysts (LC) or cystic corpora lutea (CCL). The number of ovulations did not differ between treatments. There was no interaction between the factors in any analyzed variable. The frequency of gilts with CCL and LC was not affected by flushing and EG. No difference was found in the incidence of FC, with 12.5% and 5.88% in gilts from wFwH and nFwH treatments, respectively. There were no differences in the proportion of CCL between FC and LC (9.85 vs. 4.22 and 4.22%, respectively). In conclusion, the use of exogenous gonadotropins for second estrus synchronization in gilts, either alone or in association with dietary flushing, does not increase the incidence of ovarian cysts, nor does it decrease the ovulation rate.

Outcomes of ovarian transposition in gynaecological cancers; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundPelvic irradiation is essential for improving survival in women with pelvic malignancies despite inducing permanent ovarian damage. Ovarian transposition can be performed in premenopausal women in an attempt to preserve ovarian function. As uncertainty occurs over the proportion of women who are likely to benefit from the procedure, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportion of women with ovarian function preservation, symptomatic or asymptomatic ovarian cysts and metastatic ovarian malignancy following ovarian transposition.MethodsMedline, Embase and The Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for articles published from January 1980 to December 2013. We computed the summary proportions for ovarian function preservation, ovarian cyst formation and metastatic ovarian disease following ovarian transposition by random effects meta-analysis with meta-regression to explore for heterogeneity by type of radiotherapy.ResultsTwenty four articles reporting on 892 women undergoing ovarian transposition were included. In the surgery alone group, the proportion of women with preserved ovarian function was 90% (95% CI 92–99), 87% (95% CI 79–97) of women did not develop ovarian cysts and 100% (95% CI 90–111) did not suffer metastases to the transposed ovaries. In the brachytherapy (BR) ± surgery group, the proportion of women with preserved ovarian function was 94% (95% CI 79–111), 84% (95% CI 70–101) of women did not develop ovarian cysts and 100% (95% CI 85–118) did not suffer metastases to the transposed ovaries. In the external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) + surgery ± BR group, the proportion of women with preserved ovarian function was 65% (95% CI 56–74), 95% (95% CI 85–106) of women did not develop ovarian cysts and 100% (95% CI 90–112) did not suffer metastases to the transposed ovaries. Subgroup meta-analysis revealed transposition to the subcutaneous tissue being associated with higher ovarian cyst formation rate compared to the “traditional” transposition.ConclusionOvarian transposition is associated with significant preservation of ovarian function and negligible risk for metastases to the transposed ovaries despite common incidence of ovarian cysts.

EFFECT OF MYCOTOXIN ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN DAIRY CATTLE

The present study was determined the effect of combined mycotoxins caused by Aflatoxin and zearalenone exposure on reproductive performance and their relation to the incidence of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle. The present study used 28 lactating cows kept at dairy farm in Dakahlia governorate. Cows were classified into two groups First group (10 cows) were received ration where the percentage of aflatoxin and zearalenone not exceed permissible limit which is (5 ppb and 200 ppb respectively) and show normal estrous behavior and have mature large follicles >22mm<25mm in diameter and have corpus luteum. The second group (18 cows) received ration containing aflatoxin which found exceed permissible limit (19.7 ppb) and zearalenone which was present at high levels (400 ppb), these cows exhibit“constant” estrus (nymphomania), excessive vaginal discharge, until day 45 postpartium and have ovarian cysts based on the presence of follicular structure (≥25 mm in diameter) with anovulation and the absence of corpus luteum. Blood samples was collected from each cow around 45 days postpartium for evaluation of serum progesterone (P4), estrogen (E2), Luteinizing hormone (LH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), prolactin (PRL) total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, Liver enzymatic activities alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) immunologlobins (IgG, IgM, IgA). The results of hormonal assay showed significant increase (p < 0.05) in levels of prolactin and estrogen, while levels of LH, progestone, T3 and T4 showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cows received contaminated ration with zearalenone and aflatoxins in compared with control one. Regarding to results of biochemical and immunological parameters revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in enzymatic activities (AST), (ALT), while total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and immunological parameters (IgG, IgM, IgA) showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cows received contaminated ration with zearalenone and aflatoxins compared with control one. Our results using transrectal ultrasonography revealed that mean diameter of follicular cyst was 42.3±3 mm of cows received contaminated ration with zearalenone and aflatoxins while mean diameter of mature follicles was 22.1±1.7 mm of control cows. We concluded that zearalenone have been shown to competitive bind to oestrogen receptors and affect reproductive performance generating hormonal imbalance inducing cell toxicity, immunosuppression due to the combined effect of aflatoxins which may predispose cows to the incidence of ovarian cysts

The association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in growth hormone (GH) gene with litter size and superovulation response in goat-breeds

Two active mutations (A 781 G and A 1575 G) in growth hormone (GH) gene, and their associations with litter size (LS), were investigated in both a high prolificacy (Matou, n = 182) and a low prolificacy breed (Boer, n = 352) by using the PCR-RFLP method. Superovulation experiments were designed in 57 dams, in order to evaluate the effect of different genotypes of the GH gene on superovulation response. Two genotypes (AA and AB, CC and CD) in each mutation were detected in these two goat breeds. Neither BB nor DD homozygous genotypes were observed. The genotypic frequencies of AB and CC were significantly higher than those of AA and CD. In the third parity, Matou dams with AB or CC genotypes had significantly larger litter sizes than those with AA and CD (p < 0.05). On combining the two loci, both Matou and Boer dams with ABCD genotype had the largest litter sizes when compared to the other genotypes (p < 0.05). When undergoing like superovulation treatments, a significantly higher number of corpora lutea and ova, with a lower incidence of ovarian cysts, were harvested in the AB and CC genotypes than in AA and CD. These results show that the two loci of GH gene are highly associated with abundant prolificacy and superovulation response in goat breeds.

Follow-up of benign gynecologic diseases in patients treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer

To explore the pattern of benign gynecologic diseases in patients treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer. A total of 163 cases with breast cancer were followed up by gynecologists. The incidence rates of several benign gynecologic conditions were determined and were compared among women receiving tamoxifen and those not taking it. For a follow-up of 12-96 months, the incidence rates of leiomyomas requiring therapy was 9.20%. Compared with women not taking tamoxifen, the patients taking tamoxifen had a lower incidence rate of leiomyomas (17.59% vs 32.72%) (P < 0.05), the menopausal women taking tamoxifen had a greater incidence of endometrial lesions (P < 0.05) and the premenopausal women taking tamoxifen had a greater incidence of ovarian cysts (P < 0.05). Tamoxifen is a high risk factor for an increased risk of endometrial lesions for menopausal women and ovarian cysts for premenopausal women. But it acts as a protective factor for decreasing the incidence rate of leiomyomas.