Incidence Of Melanoma Skin Cancer Research Articles

Ultraviolet Radiation: Health Risks and Benefits

Recent studies have shown that the incidence of melanoma skin cancer and deaths has been increased globally, where the rate of melanoma skin cancer deaths reaches 75% among the white-skinned population. However, Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is the only known risk factor for developing melanoma skin cancer. In this study, the main concepts about the electromagnetic spectrum are introduced. The visible light bands and wavelengths are presented. The energy classifications of ultraviolet radiation are discussed. Sources of ultraviolet radiation are discussed. The optics of the skin and the interaction mechanisms of light with human skin are discussed. The relationship between ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer is discussed. And the applications and beneficial effects of ultraviolet radiation in many desplines are summarized. However, the main objectives of this study are to gain and provide knowledge about solar radiation exposure risks, benefits, and to identify factors influencing practices that increase the risk for developing melanoma.

Marine Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Prevention.

Melanoma is considered a multifactorial disease etiologically divided into melanomas related to sun exposure and those that are not, but also based on their mutational signatures, anatomic site, and epidemiology. The incidence of melanoma skin cancer has been increasing over the past decades with 132,000 cases occurring globally each year. Marine organisms have been shown to be an excellent source of natural compounds with possible bioactivities for human health applications. In this review, we report marine compounds from micro- and macro-organisms with activities in vitro and in vivo against melanoma, including the compound Marizomib, isolated from a marine bacterium, currently in phase III clinical trials for melanoma. When available, we also report active concentrations, cellular targets and mechanisms of action of the mentioned molecules. In addition, compounds used for UV protection and melanoma prevention from marine sources are discussed. This paper gives an overview of promising marine molecules which can be studied more deeply before clinical trials in the near future.

Global inequality in the incidence and mortality rate of melanoma skin cancer according to human development index

Objective The present study aimed to quantify existing inequalities in melanoma skin cancer (MSC) incidence and mortality between countries with different level of human development index (HDI). Methods A descriptive study was conducted based on GLOBOCAN project of the WHO for most countries in the world. Inequality in the age-specific incidence and mortality rates of MC was calculated according to the HDI by using the concentration index (CI) and decomposition of the CI was conducted. Results The CI for incidence and mortality rates of MSC was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.54) and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.21), respectively, which showed that MSC was more concentrated in countries with higher HDI. Expected years of schooling (0.44), mean year of schooling (0.38), and gross national income per 1000 capita (0.17) were the most important contributors of inequality in MSC incidence. Conclusion Disparity in melanoma rates was observed across diverse HDI components in different countries. The risk of MCS increased with higher life expectancy at birth, higher mean year of schooling, more expected years of schooling, and higher gross national income per 1000 capita according to the decomposing analysis.

Anthocyanins, Vibrant Color Pigments, and Their Role in Skin Cancer Prevention.

Until today, numerous studies evaluated the topic of anthocyanins and various types of cancer, regarding the anthocyanins’ preventative and inhibitory effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and such. However, there is no targeted review available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of dietary anthocyanins on skin cancers. If diagnosed at the early stages, the survival rate of skin cancer is quite high. Nevertheless, the metastatic form has a short prognosis. In fact, the incidence of melanoma skin cancer, the type with high mortality, has increased exponentially over the last 30 years, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths. Malignant melanoma is considered a highly destructive type of skin cancer due to its particular capacity to grow and spread faster than any other type of cancers. Plants, in general, have been used in disease treatment for a long time, and medicinal plants are commonly a part of anticancer drugs on the market. Accordingly, this work primarily aims to emphasize the most recent improvements on the anticarcinogenic effects of anthocyanins from different plant sources, with an in-depth emphasis on melanoma skin cancer. We also briefly summarized the anthocyanin chemistry, their rich dietary sources in flowers, fruits, and vegetables, as well as their associated potential health benefits. Additionally, the importance of anthocyanins in topical applications such as their use in cosmetics is also given.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MELANOMA SKIN CANCER AND SURVIVAL OF ONCOLOGY PATIENTS IN KRASNODAR REGION

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic work of the oncological service of Krasnodar Region, analyze the epidemiological features of morbidity, mortality, indicators reflecting the diagnosis (the proportion of early detection, neglect) in patients with melanoma skin cancer for the period 2007–2017, and the survival of cancer patients in Krasnodar Region for the period 2007–2016. Materials and methods. Subjects of the study were patients with newly diagnosed melanoma skin cancer in Krasnodar Region for the period 2007–2017. Using an automated information and analytical system the Population Cancer Registry, survival of 3 961 patients with melanoma skin cancer for the period 2007–2016 was analyzed. Standardized rates of morbidity and mortality were calculated according to the accepted world standard with the same age groupings. Statistical processing of data according to the studied indicators was carried out using statistical software packages Statistica. The reliability of the difference in the relative indicators was determined by the t test of the Student, the significance level was adopted as p <0.05. Results. For the period from 2007 to 2017, there has been a significant trend towards an increase in the incidence of melanoma skin cancer of the population of Krasnodar Region. The incidence of melanoma skin cancer in Krasnodar Region is higher than the average for the Russian Federation, which may be due to the presence of an increased level of insolation. During the analyzed period there has been a decrease in the indicator of neglect. With the increase in the stage of melanoma skin cancer, the survival rates both in general among all the diseased and among patients of working age are decreasing. The highest rates of observed and adjusted survival in patients with melanoma skin cancer reduce in the first three years from the date of diagnosis. The indicators of the observed and corrected survival of men of working age with melanoma skin cancer are lower than in women of working age. The indicators of the observed and corrected survival of women of working age with melanoma skin cancer are higher than among the population of all age groups. С onclusion. The study showed a high level of early diagnosis and quality of treatment for patients with melanoma skin cancer in the Krasnodar Region, as positive trends in the rates of observed and adjusted survival of patients were noted.

SKIN CANCER AND MELANOMA IN THE AMUR REGION OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT

The paper analyzes the rates of cancer morbidity and mortality from 1998 to 2014 in the Amur region. During the study period, the incidence of skin cancer increased significantly with increasing the crude incidence rate by 60.7 %, and standardized incidence rate by 19.5 %. For melanoma, the corresponding rates were 87.3 % and 43.3 %, respectively. In contrast to the incidence rates, the absolute, crude and age-standardized mortality rates decreased. The analysis of age-adjusted melanoma skin cancer incidence rates indicated that the highest incidence was observed in the age group of 75 years and older. Early skin cancer (stage I–II) was registered in 95.4 % of patients, and early melanoma in 68.8 %. The mortality rates in the first year after diagnosis increased by 0.7 % in patients with skin cancer and decreased by 5 % in patients with melanoma. The number of patients who followed up for 5 year and more significantly increased. The role of primary cancer care in the region was estimated.

Sun exposure knowledge and practices survey of maintenance squadrons at Travis AFB.

Recent literature has shown that the incidence of melanoma skin cancer is significantly higher in the U.S. military than for civilians and is higher in the U.S. Air Force than other military branches. No studies have investigated military specific exposures that might increase this risk. Using a cross-sectional survey we evaluated sun exposure knowledge and practices of U.S. Air Force flight line workers whose duties may lead to increased melanoma risk. The specific aims of this study were to (1) describe the social demographic characteristics of maintenance personnel, (2) describe current sun blocking practices in maintenance personnel, (3) describe knowledge about sun exposure risks and benefits, and (4) identify factors influencing practices that increase the risk for developing melanoma. Our survey of 356 Air Force flight line personnel showed that 67% of their career required working in direct sunlight, 94.7% of personnel know that it is recommended to use sun blocking methods, yet the majority do not regularly use sun protective measures. Our results suggest that the increased incidence of melanoma in the U.S. Air Force may be due to the type or duration of ultraviolet exposure.

Preface

The incidence of melanoma skin cancer is increasing rapidly, particularly among young women in the United States. Numerous studies have documented an association between the use of indoor tanning devices and an increased risk of skin cancer, especially in young women. Studies have shown that ultraviolet exposure, even in the absence of erythema or burn, results in DNA damage. Countries and regulatory bodies worldwide have recognized the health risks associated with indoor tanning. In the United States, 32 states have passed legislation to regulate the indoor tanning industry, but there is an urgent need to restrict the use of indoor tanning devices at the federal level. The Food and Drug Administration is currently reviewing the classification of these devices. For all of these reasons, the Food and Drug Administration should prohibit the use of tanning devices by minors and reclassify tanning devices to at least class II to protect the public from the preventable cancers and other adverse effects caused by ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning.

Risk-adjusted melanoma skin cancer incidence rates in Whites (United States)

The objective of this study was to obtain a better population-based measure of risk for melanoma skin cancer. A method has been previously proposed for estimating cancer incidence rates for data collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Unlike conventionally reported incidence rates in the USA, this method uses the first primary cancer and adjusts for population-based cancer prevalence to obtain a better measure of cancer risk. The study involves SEER data for white men and women. Conventional melanoma incidence rates overestimate risk for men, increasingly so from 3.3% in the age group of 30-39 years to 11.3% in the age group of 80 years and older. Overestimation in risk for women ranged from 3.3% in the age group of 30-39 years to 8.9% in the age group of 80 years and older. Overestimation of risk was more pronounced when both in-situ and malignant melanomas were considered. Increasing trends in conventional rates were slightly greater than trends in risk-adjusted incidence rates (RAIRs). In 2007, the estimated number of cases with malignant melanoma among the white population based on conventional cancer incidence rates is 37 636 (64 125 including in-situ cases) for men and 28 935 (49 361 including in-situ cases) for women. The estimated number of cases in the USA based on RAIRS is 34 652 [(7.9%); 55 413 (13.6%) including in-situ cases] for male and 27 178 [(6.1%); 44 467 (9.9%) including in-situ cases] for women. We concluded that RAIRs are a better measure of melanoma skin cancer risk and should be used for estimating the number of cancer patients in the USA.

Adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation from the use of indoor tanning equipment: Time to ban the tan

The incidence of melanoma skin cancer is increasing rapidly, particularly among young women in the United States. Numerous studies have documented an association between the use of indoor tanning devices and an increased risk of skin cancer, especially in young women. Studies have shown that ultraviolet exposure, even in the absence of erythema or burn, results in DNA damage. Countries and regulatory bodies worldwide have recognized the health risks associated with indoor tanning. In the United States, 32 states have passed legislation to regulate the indoor tanning industry, but there is an urgent need to restrict the use of indoor tanning devices at the federal level. The Food and Drug Administration is currently reviewing the classification of these devices. For all of these reasons, the Food and Drug Administration should prohibit the use of tanning devices by minors and reclassify tanning devices to at least class II to protect the public from the preventable cancers and other adverse effects caused by ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning.

Adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation from the use of indoor tanning equipment: Time to ban the tan

The incidence of melanoma skin cancer is increasing rapidly, particularly among young women in the United States. Numerous studies have documented an association between the use of indoor tanning devices and an increased risk of skin cancer, especially in young women. Studies have shown that ultraviolet exposure, even in the absence of erythema or burn, results in DNA damage. Countries and regulatory bodies worldwide have recognized the health risks associated with indoor tanning. In the United States, 32 states have passed legislation to regulate the indoor tanning industry, but there is an urgent need to restrict the use of indoor tanning devices at the federal level. The Food and Drug Administration is currently reviewing the classification of these devices. For all of these reasons, the Food and Drug Administration should prohibit the use of tanning devices by minors and reclassify tanning devices to at least class II to protect the public from the preventable cancers and other adverse effects caused by ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning.

Skin Malignancies Associated with HYDROXYUREA Use in MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERs and Sickle Cell Patients: Incidence and Significance.

Abstract 4969 BACKGROUNDHydroxyurea (HU) is one of the mainstay agents used to treat myeloproliferative disorders as well as sickle cell anemia. There has been lately increasing reports of secondary skin malignancies in patients receiving Hydroxyurea therapy but the literature consists essentially of case reports. Current incidence of melanoma skin cancer in the general population in the United States is 15 per 100 000 person, and of non melanoma skin cancer is 230 per 100 000 lightly pigmented individuals and 3.4 per 100 000 darkly pigmented individuals. METHODSWe reviewed 292 charts of patients treated with HU in our institution. 237 patients carried a diagnosis of myeloproliferative disorder, 14 patients were treated for sickle cell anemia and 41 patients were being treated with HU for HIV as part of a regimen to decrease viral load. Charts were reviewed looking for development of skin malignancies. RESULTSAmong the patients with sickle cell anemia, the incidence of skin cancer was nil. Among the patients with HIV there were 2 cases of non melanoma skin cancer. Among patients with myeloproliferative disorders, there were 16 cases of skin cancer. The pathology was non-melanoma skin cancer. Subgroup analysis based on skin phenotype revealed that the incidence was higher than the general population in both dark and light-skinned individuals: the rate was 0.9434 per 100 among the dark skinned individuals, statistically significant when compared to the established rate of 0.0034 per 100 dark-skinned individual in the general population. Similarly among light-skinned individuals, the calculated rate was 12.0968 per 100-person, which is statistically significant compared to the rates in light-skinned individuals in the general population of 0.2300 per 100 person with a p-value of 0.001. CONCLUSIONOur study showed a significantly higher incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer among patients treated with HU. While HU is well known to have cutaneous side effects in terms of hyperpigmentation, skin ulcers, scaling or skin atrophy, its implication in skin cancers had only been in the form of case reports. Our study thus highlights a true risk of skin malignancies with HU. It is worth noting though that there were only non-melanoma skin cancers, which are non-aggressive, localized and treatable. Thus this heightened incidence of skin cancer does not appear to bear a mortality or morbidity burden on patients treated with HU. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER: The Military Perspective

As the incidence of melanoma skin cancer continues to increase in this country, so does the need for early detection and treatment of these tumors. This article discusses a military skin cancer screening clinic that encourages patient participation and the criteria and statistics regarding the different treatment modalities we employ to treat these skin cancers.