Incidence Of Maxillofacial Trauma Research Articles

Epidemiology and Pattern of Pediatric Maxillofacial Trauma: A 5-Year Retrospective Study.

To analyze the epidemiology, pattern, and prevent measurement of pediatric maxillofacial trauma in Xinjiang, China. Clinical records of patients aged 0 to 18 years with maxillofacial trauma over the 5 years were reviewed. Epidemiological features of data were collected for the cause of injury, age and sex distribution, frequency and type of injury, localization and frequency of soft tissue injuries, facial bone fractures, and presence of associated injuries. Statistical analyses performed included descriptive analysis, χ 2 test, and logistic regression analyses. Among the 450 patients, 333 were male and 117 were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.8:1, the mean age was 9.2±5.4 years; 223 cases were soft tissue injuries and 227 cases were maxillofacial fractures. The 16 to 18-year-old group was the highest, with the prevalence of maxillofacial fractures. The most common cause of pediatric maxillofacial trauma was traffic injuries. The incidence of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients correlates with a number of factors, including age, sex, and etiology of trauma. The 16 to 18-year-old group is the most prevalent group for maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients, and traffic accidents are the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients.

A retrospective comparative study of maxillofacial injury patterns caused by electric scooters and bicycles.

The emergence of shared stand-up electric scooters has led to an increase in their usage and, subsequently, an increase in the incidence of maxillofacial trauma. This study aimed to investigate the trauma pattern associated with the use of stand-up electric scooters compared with that related to the use of bicycles, which was a popular mode of personal mobility before the emergence of stand-up electric scooters. This study investigated the medical records of patients who visited Wonju Christian Hospital for maxillofacial trauma due to the use of stand-up electric scooter and bicycles between November 1, 2017 and October 31, 2022. Maxillofacial trauma was analyzed based on medical records, including those in the evaluation results of teeth, maxillofacial bones, and soft tissues. Crown fractures and tooth avulsions were observed more frequently with the use of stand-up electric scooters than with the use of bicycles. In contrast, crown-root fractures, tooth subluxation, and extrusive luxation were more commonly observed in bicycle riders. Additionally, the proportion of root fractures was similar between the two groups. However, no vertical root fractures were observed in patients who rode bicycles. The maxillofacial bone fracture rates between the two groups were similar, although the fracture patterns were different. The number of patients using stand-up electric scooters is increasing, and they are likely to have a worse prognosis compared with those using existing personal mobility devices.

Prevalence and distribution of maxillofacial trauma in tertiary care centers before/ after motorcycle helmet use law in Sullia, India-A retrospective study.

In India, motorcycles are commonly involved in accidents and traffic rules negligence, most of which include some type of maxillofacial trauma. In September 2019, the rules for motorcycle and helmet use were modified to compulsory use in the state of Karnataka. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of mandatory helmet use on maxillofacial fractures and injuries in Sullia Taluk, Karnataka. The study was based on the information obtained from clinical records in the K.V.G Dental College and the K.V.G Medical College from February 2019 to February 2020. The inclusion criteria were subjects who met with two-wheeler accidents with complete case records and radiological investigations. A total of 78 individuals reported with maxillofacial trauma from February 2019 to February 2020. The mean age was 31±14years. There were 74 (94%) males and 4 (6%) females. Forty-nine cases reported before the mandatory helmet use rule and 29 cases reported after the helmet use rule. There was a 36.3% decrease in the incidence of maxillofacial trauma, 23.5% decrease in fractures, and an 89% reduction in the number of victims who underwent open reduction and internal fixation during the post-law period. There was a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of maxillofacial trauma after the implementation of the helmet rule.

3-Dimensional Plates Versus Conventional Mini plates in Maxillofacial Trauma- A Review

Maxillofacial trauma is any physical injury to the facial bones. Facial bones are frequently fractured bones in RTA, Assault, Domestic violence etc. Facial trauma includes Maxillary fractures, Mandibular fractures, Orbital Fractures, Nasal Bone Fractures, soft tissue injury such as lacerations, bruises etc. Over the years, there are many refinements in the management of maxillofacial trauma. The incidence of maxillofacial trauma is more in males because they are involved in more physical activities and assault compared to women. In Older times for facial bone fractures, surgeons performed maxillomandibular fixation using wire osteosynthesis for minimum three weeks to 6 weeks, and mouth opening was difficult, poor oral hygiene leading to periodontal problems, difficulty in speech and masticatory functions. The management of maxillofacial trauma includes the use of Maxillomandibular fixation using wire osteosynthesis, conventional mini plates and 3-D plates. For the management of facial bone fractures, Maxillofacial surgeons perform open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF) whenever needed. In the case of ORIF, Surgeons use mini plates either 3D or Conventional Plates for stabilising the fractured segments. This technique requires skill and experience and is also expensive. The advantages of this method are improved quality of life. The objective of this review is to compare 3-Dimensional plates and Conventional Plates in Maxillofacial trauma.

Impact of Lockdown Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Number and Nature of Trauma Presentations to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a Level I Trauma Center—A Study

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented nationwide regulations aimed primarily at slowing the spread of the virus. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of these regulations on the number and natures of trauma presentations to oral and maxillofacial department of level I trauma center in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of the triage register at Trauma Centre of King George Medical University, Lucknow was conducted, comparing all trauma presentations from March 23, 2020 to July 31, 2020 with those from the preceding 5 months. The number of patients, mechanism of trauma, and severity of illness was recorded and compared. Results: A reduction in the number of trauma cases was recorded for the particular period. The statistical analysis was done with SPSS software (version 1.1). The incidence of maxillofacial trauma was more in males than females. During the study period, data shows that road traffic accidents (91.68%) was the most common cause of trauma followed by fall from height (4.06%) and physical assault (2.34%), respectively. The most common injury was soft tissue lacerations (38.07%), followed by hard tissue injury (LeFort: 20.6%, zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures: 9.44%, parasymphysis: 8.02%), respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the burden of trauma presenting to the emergency department was decreased during lockdown period by the regulations implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Incidence of Maxillofacial Trauma and Its Management - A Retrospective Study

Incidence of Maxillofacial Trauma and Its Management - A Retrospective Study

Relationship of the Severity of Maxillofacial Trauma Based on Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) Against the Severity of Head Injury

ABSTRACT
 Introduction. Facial bone fractures can be accompanied by life-threatening complications such as head injuries. Maxillofacial trauma increases with time. The maxillofacial facial injury severity scale (FISS) scoring system was introduced to assess the patient's severity, prognosis, and outcome. Maxillofacial FISS has predictive value on the severity of head injuries.
 Method. This research uses analytic observation method with cross sectional design approach. The population and sample were all maxillofacial trauma patients who had been treated at RSUP dr. Moehammad Hoesin Palembang from January-September 2018. Data is taken from secondary data, namely the patient's medical record.
 Results. The incidence of maxillofacial trauma at RSUP dr. Moehammad Hoesin Palembang is 95 cases. The most cases occurred in the age group <30 years (62.1%). Gender male (85.3%), the scene outside the city (52.6%). There were 21 maxillofacial trauma patients undergoing neurosurgery (22.1%). There was no relationship between FISS and the severity of head injury (p = 0.063), there was a significant relationship between FISS and neurosurgery (p = <0.001).
 Conclusion. There is a relationship between the severity of maxillofacial trauma based on the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) score on the severity of the head injury.

A retrospective cross-sectional study of maxillofacial trauma in Delhi-NCR Region.

Aim and Objectives:To evaluate the pattern, prevalence, etiology, site of fractures, and their management in patients with maxillofacial injury in Delhi-NCR region.Materials and Methods:A total of 1278 maxillofacial trauma patients visiting different registered hospitals from Delhi-NCR region from January 2012 to December 2017, treated by open reduction and internal fixation under general anesthesia (GA)/local anesthesia (LA) or closed reduction/conservatively, were taken into the study. The parameters considered in the study were age and sex distribution, etiological factors and incidence of maxillofacial trauma, pattern and site distribution of maxillofacial fractures, and management.Results:From a total of 2250 trauma patients, 1278 patients (1053 males and 225 females) had maxillofacial injury. The average prevalence rate was 56.8%. Yearly incidence rate was 20.4%. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common cause of trauma in 1029 (80.5%) patients, followed by physical assault [158 (12.3%)] with significant male predominance in different age groups. Isolated mandibular fractures were the most common [48.6% (parasymphysis 31.6%, condyle 28.2%)], followed by midface with maxilla fracture [27.6% (zygomatic bone and arch 50.2% and Lefort II fractures 18%)]. Treatment modalities were conservative management, closed reduction, and open reduction with internal fixation under GA/LA.Conclusion:RTA followed by physical assault is still the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma in young males in Delhi-NCR region. Mini plate osteosynthesis is the main treatment procedure for maxillofacial trauma. We need to enforce strict traffic rules, road safety law, and preventive measures along with improvement in education and socioeconomic status in the population to avoid maxillofacial injuries.

Faciomaxillary fractures in a Semi-urban South Indian Teaching Hospital: A retrospective analysis of 638 cases.

Background and Objective:The incidence of maxillofacial trauma is increasing at a very fast pace in developing countries like India and poses a major health burden. Hence, the epidemiological data of maxillofacial trauma during a 6 year period, was analyzed to study the characteristics, factors predisposing, and aid in advocating strict guidelines to prevent the same.Materials and Methods:Data related to 638 cases with maxillofacial trauma, from January 2008 to December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively and the data regarding gender, age, etiology, anatomic location of fracture, alcohol consumption, associated head and other injuries, modality of treatment rendered and associated complications were analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results:A total of 638 patients presenting with 869 maxillofacial fractures were analyzed. Most of them [344 (53.9%)] were young adults aged 18-40, whereas, 123 (19.2%) were 11 to 17 years, and 97(15.2%) adults. Men (79.4%) were more affected than women. Road traffic accidents remain the main etiology causing fractures in 470 (73.6%), whereas 397 (62.2%) had history of consumption of alcohol. Those with alcohol intoxication had multiple injuries. Mandible was more frequently involved with 360 (41.4%) fractures, and condyle being the most common site. A total of 374 (58.6%) underwent open reduction with internal fixation under general anesthesia. Prevalence of other injuries was noted in 207 (32.4%) and complications of fracture treatment in 41(6.4%) cases.Conclusion:Road traffic accidents under alcohol influence were most commonly associated with comminuted facial fractures with head injuries, frequently leading to death. Mandible was the most commonly fractured facial bone followed by zygoma.

Four years prospective study of the maxillofacial trauma at a tertiary center in Western Nepal

Purpose: This study was conducted to find the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in the Western region of Nepal. Materials and Methods: All the trauma patients attending the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery in 4 years period at a tertiary center in Western Nepal were included in the study. The incidence, prevalence, age and sex distribution, etiologies and types as well as seasonal and daily variation of maxillofacial trauma were studied. Results: Maxillofacial trauma with male (71.55%) predominance was seen. Road traffic accidents (RTA, 46.5%) were the most common cause, and 41.65% of fracture cases due to RTA were under the influence of alcohol. Accidents were more common on the rural roads (38.9%), and majorities (43.3%) were due to motorcycle accidents. They were more common on Friday (36.7%) and in winter seasons (51.2%). The mandible fractures (65.85%) were more common than midface fractures (53.58%) and 19.44% of the fractures were combined fractures. Parasymphysis in mandible (32.16%) and zygoma (39.09%) in midface were the most common type of fracture. Conclusion: The increased incidence of maxillofacial trauma following RTA under the influence of alcohol noted in this study reveals the need for formulating preventive measures in the Western region of Nepal. Need to aware people to avoid drink and drive proper traffic management, prevention of carrying excessive passengers, especially on the rooftop of vehicles on the highway and disposal of out of date vehicles and timely maintenance of faulty roads is a must.

Etiology and incidence of maxillofacial trauma in Amsterdam, a retrospective analysis of 579 patients

the incidence of maxillofacial features varies widely between different countries. The large variability in reported incidence and etiology is due a variety of contributing factors, including environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. This retrospective report presents a study investigating the etiology and incidence of patients with maxillofacial fractures in Amsterdam over a period of 10 years.

Aetiology and incidence of maxillofacial trauma in Amsterdam: A retrospective analysis of 579 patients

IntroductionThe incidence of maxillofacial fractures varies widely between different countries. The large variability in reported incidence and aetiology is due to a variety of contributing factors, including environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. This retrospective report presents a study investigating the aetiology and incidence of patients with maxillofacial fractures in Amsterdam over a period of 10 years. ResultsThe study population consisted of 408 males and 171 females with a mean age of 35.9 (SD: ±16.3) years. The age group 20–29 years accounted for the largest subgroup in both sexes. The most common cause of the fractures was traffic related, followed by violence. There were mainly mandibular and zygomatic bone fractures in both males and females, accounting for approximately 80% of all fractures. The main fracture site of the mandible was the combination of mandibular body with mandibular condyle (66 patients; 26.8%), followed by the combination of bilateral condylar fracture and fracture of the symphysis (43 patients; 17.5%). In fractures of the upper 2/3 of the face, zygomatic bone fractures were most common. In patients with alcohol consumption the injury was mostly the result of violence.In conclusion, this report provides important data for the design of plans for injury prevention, as compared with previous studies. Violence related injuries are increasing whereas fractures caused by traffic accidents are decreasing.

Road Traffic Accidents: Site Of Fracture Of The Mandible

The incidence of maxillofacial trauma is constantly increasing with modernization of the society and the preference for high speed. This is a retrospective study done to determine of mandible fractures due to Road traffic accident. The study is based on the history recorded from case files of patients who reported to Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery in Govt. Dental College; Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Rohtak (India). Our study indicates that incidence of mandible fractures is common in age group in 21 �30 years, canine is more affected and usual method of treatment is closed reduction.

The causes and consequences of maxillofacial injuries in elderly people.

The occurrence of trauma in older people is well-documented; however the incidence of maxillofacial trauma is scarcely reported. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the causes and consequences of maxillofacial trauma in older people. A five-year (March 95 - March 2000) retrospective study was carried out of all patients over the age of 65 years with facial trauma presenting to Accident and Emergency Department (A&E). The information was collected using the medical notes and discharge summaries. The Departments of A&E and Maxillofacial Surgery. A total of 42 patients' records were examined for study related data. A total of 42 patients were seen during the study period. Thirty-six gave a history of a fall, of which 15 had tripped, 5 had slipped, 3 resulted from a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA), 1 as a result of alcohol abuse, in 1 a prosthetic knee gave way and 11 gave no cause for the fall. Of the remaining 6 patients, 5 were assaulted and 1 had a wardrobe fall on top of him. The majority of the falls occurred during the winter months. Maxillofacial injuries were noted in 27 of the 42 patients. Sixteen patients had cheekbone fractures, 8 mandibular fractures, 2 midface and 1 orbital complex fracture. Twenty-five percent of cheekbone fractures and 50% of mandibular fractures were treated surgically. Medical history was noted in 27 patients. This study clearly demonstrates the majority of the facial trauma in the older people can be treated conservatively unless the patients complain of functional problems.