Incidence Of Mandibular Fractures Research Articles

Retrospective clinical study of mandible fractures

BackgroundAs society becomes more complex, the incidence of mandibular fractures is increasing. This study aimed to analyze the incidence and type and identify etiological factors of mandibular fractures to use them in future treatments.Material and methodsData were collected from 224 patients who visited the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at the Kyung Hee Medical Center dental hospital during a 6-year period (2016 to 2021). A logistic regression model was used for data analysis.ResultsIn a total of 224 patients, 362 fractures were appeared. The average age of the patients was 34.1 years, with the highest incidence in the 20s. And the ratio between male and female was 4.09:1. Symphysis fractures were the most prevalent of all patients (52.7%), followed by unilateral condyle (37.1%), angle (36.2%), bilateral condyle (9.4%), body (8%), and coronoid (2.2%). The most common cause of fracture was daily-life activity (57.6%), followed by violence (30.4%), traffic accidents (8.5%), and syncope (3.6%). Patients with symphysis fracture were at low risk (OR < 1) of angle, body, and unilateral condyle fractures. Similarly, patients with unilateral fracture were at low risk (OR < 1) of symphysis, angle, body, and others site fractures. In contrast, patient with bilateral condyle fracture were at high risk (OR > 1) of coronoid fractures. And younger patients were high risk of mandibular angle fractures.ConclusionThrough this study, it was confirmed that etiological factors of mandibular fractures were like those of previous studies.

Incidence of Mandibular Fractures as A Complication of Lower Third Molar Extraction: A Rapid Review

Pendahuluan: Pencabutan gigi molar ketiga merupakan salah satu prosedur kedokteran gigi yang sering dilakukan, tetapi bukan berarti resiko dan komplikasinya jarang terjadi. Salah satu komplikasi pencabutan gigi molar ketiga adalah fraktur mandibula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi fraktur mandibula sebagai komplikasi pencabutan gigi molar ketiga rahang bawah. Metode: Rapid review ini dilakukan pada Desember 2020-Februari 2021 terhadap artikel berbahasa inggris yang melaporkan insidensi fraktur mandibula akibat pencabutan gigi molar ketiga rahang bawah. Pencarian artikel mengacu pada bagan PRISMA yang dilakukan melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar tanpa membatasi tahun pencarian. Artikel terpilih memenuhi kriteria sesuai dengan kerangka PICO. Penapisan artikel dilakukan dengan memeriksa duplikasi, membaca judul dan abstrak, serta membaca isi keseluruhan teks. Hasil: Sebanyak delapan artikel dengan desain studi observasional dicakup dalam penelitian ini. Insidensi fraktur mandibula sebagai komplikasi pencabutan gigi molar ketiga berkisar antara 0,0046%-3,03%. Fraktur lebih banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki (n=42) daripada perempuan (n=20), pada usia rata-rata di atas 39 tahun, pada gigi-geligi lengkap (n=31) daripada tidak lengkap (n=3), pada gigi impaksi tulang penuh (n=47) daripada impaksi tulang sebagian (n=14), dan pada angulasi gigi horizontal (n=22) atau vertikal (n=20) daripada mesioangular (n=13) atau distoangular (n=6). Simpulan: Fraktur mandibula akibat pencabutan gigi molar ketiga rahang bawah jarang terjadi. Peningkatan kasus ditemukan pada pasien laki-laki, berusia di atas 39 tahun, memiliki gigi-geligi lengkap, gigi impaksi tulang penuh, dan angulasi gigi horizontal atau vertikal. Infeksi pre operatif dan kista merupakan keadaan patologis yang lebih sering ditemukan pada pasien fraktur.

Incidence of Mandibular Fractures in A Public Hospital in Venezuela: Ten Years Experience

Incidence of Mandibular Fractures in A Public Hospital in Venezuela: Ten Years Experience

Incidence of Mandibular Fractures as a Complication of Lower Third Molar Extraction: A Rapid Review

Incidence of Mandibular Fractures as a Complication of Lower Third Molar Extraction: A Rapid Review

The effect of deprivation on the Incidence of Mandibular fractures in a British city

Abstract Aim To examine the relationship between social and material deprivation and mandibular fractures. Method Three hundred and forty three consecutive patients who underwent mandibular fracture fixation were selected for the study. After exclusions, 290 were divided into age groups and ranked according to their Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score. Rankings were determined using postcodes, and divided into quintiles for statistical analysis. Results Ages ranged from 7 to 82 with 146 (50%) patients aged between 20 and 29. Males accounted for 85% of cases. The most common site of fracture was the angle (n = 195) and assault was shown to be the most common mechanism of injury (63.3%). A strong relationship was demonstrated between fractures of the mandible and worsening deprivation, with the most striking relationship seen with fractures sustained as a consequence of assault. Females were less likely than males to sustain a fracture of the mandible as a consequence of assault; however, when assault was the mechanism of injury they were also likely to be from a deprived background. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that a strong relationship exists between deprivation and the incidence of mandibular fractures in our catchment area. Fractures that resulted from interpersonal violence were shown to have a particularly strong correlation with deprivation.

The effect of deprivation on the incidence of mandibular fractures in a British city

AimTo examine the relationship between social and material deprivation and mandibular fractures. MethodThree hundred and forty three consecutive patients who underwent mandibular fracture fixation were selected for the study. After exclusions, 290 were divided into age groups and ranked according to their Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score. Rankings were determined using postcodes, and divided into quintiles for statistical analysis. ResultsAges ranged from 7 to 82 with 146 (50%) patients aged between 20 and 29. Males accounted for 85% of cases. The most common site of fracture was the angle (n = 195) and assault was shown to be the most common mechanism of injury (63.3%). A strong relationship was demonstrated between fractures of the mandible and worsening deprivation, with the most striking relationship seen with fractures sustained as a consequence of assault. Females were less likely than males to sustain a fracture of the mandible as a consequence of assault; however, when assault was the mechanism of injury they were also likely to be from a deprived background. ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that a strong relationship exists between deprivation and the incidence of mandibular fractures in our catchment area. Fractures that resulted from interpersonal violence were shown to have a particularly strong correlation with deprivation.

Incidence and pattern of mandibular fractures in Rohilkhand region, Uttar Pradesh state, India: A retrospective study

AimsTo understand and evaluate the significance of various aetiological factors in determining the incidence and dictating the patterns of mandibular fractures in Rohilkhand region. MethodsThe patient records and radiographs for 144 patients treated for mandibular fractures were reviewed between the time periods from January 2012 to December 2013. Data on age, gender, aetiology, use of intoxicants, head injury, associated injuries, days of the week, anatomic site and multiple fractures within the mandible were recorded and assessed. ResultsMaximum incidence of fractures was observed among the individuals in 3rd decade (35.4%) followed by 2nd and 4th decades, which exhibited 32 and 30 cases (22.2% and 20.8%), respectively. Male to female ratio was biased (4:1) portraying a male predominance. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were observed to be the predominant aetiological factor responsible accounting for 79.2% of the total injuries followed by assaults (11.8%) and falls (9%). Parasymphysis exhibited the highest incidence (32.63%) amongst the anatomic sites, followed by body (18.75%), angle (16.66%), condyle (15.27%), symphysis (12.50%), ramus (2.77%) and coronoid (1.38%). ConclusionThe study reveals that majority of affected patients were in the 2nd and 3rd decades. A definitive relationship existed between RTA and the incidence of mandibular fractures. The frequency further increased with consumption of social intoxicants. The most commonly fractured site was parasymphysis either isolated or associated with other fractures in the mandible.

GÖMÜK 20 YAŞ DİŞLERİNİN ÇEKİM NEDENLERİ-Reasons for Extraction of Impacted Third Molars

Extraction of impacted third molars is one of the most performed surgical interventions in the oral surgery departments. Although the indications for removal of impacted third molars are well described, prophylactic removal of these teeth are still a common practice among the clinicians and a topic widely discussed. The percentage of third molars extracted for prophylactic reasons where there is not a justifiable clinical reason varies between %18 and %50. The defenders of the prophylactic removal approach argue that the removal of these non-functional teeth decreases the possibility of pathological changes in the future and incidence of mandibular fractures. Those opposing this approach advocate that the patients unnecessarily suffer an surgical trauma and it’s related complications; post-operative pain and expenditure.

Incidence and patterns of mandibular fractures during a 5-year period in a London teaching hospital

We retrospectively evaluated mandibular fractures in patients who presented to a London teaching hospital between June 2005 and May 2010. A total of 1261 patients sustained 1994 mandibular fractures (mean 1.6, range 1–5). The incidence of mandibular fracture was higher in male patients (87%) than in females (13%) (male:female ratio 6.6:1), and the peak incidence was during the third decade for both genders. The most common site of fracture was the angle (30%), followed by the parasymphysis (27%), and condyle (27%). Overall, interpersonal violence was the most common cause (72%) followed by falls (18%). In male patients, the most common cause was interpersonal violence (77%); in females it was a fall (46%). The anatomical sites of fracture reflected their cause. Interpersonal violence typically resulted in fractures of the angle (36%) while road traffic accidents and falls resulted in condylar fractures (28% and 53%, respectively). A total of 66 (5%) patients sustained other maxillofacial fractures and 37 (3%) presented with non-maxillofacial fractures. Our findings are consistent with trends reported in other urban centres.

Incidence and etiology of mandibular fractures treated in Vilnius University Hospital Žalgiris clinic, Lithuania: a review of 1 508 cases

Relevance of the study: this is the first Lithuanian study, which analyzes in detail the incidence, etiology and circumstances of mandibular fractures treated in the Vilnius University Hospital, Lithuania. The data and findings of this study are compared with other studies, identifying specific mandibular trauma patterns in Lithuania. Background. During past few decades, the socioeconomic situation in Lithuania has been changing significantly, and there is a need to evaluate data about mandibular fracture epidemiology and etiology. The aim of the study was to analyse the incidence, etiology, circumstances and localization of mandibular fractures treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital Žalgiris Clinic, Lithuania. Materials and methods. The medical records of 1 508 patients with mandibular fractures, treated between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2009, were reviewed. The following data were analysed: age, gender, trauma date and time, etiology and circumstances of trauma, fracture area. Results. The male : female ratio was 7.3 : 1. The majority of patients (53.6%) were young people, aged 16–30 years. Mandibular fractures most often (53%) occurred between May and September, mostly at weekends (61%) and in the late evening (60%). The main cause of mandibular fractures was interpersonal violence (70%), followed by falls and accidents (19%), and road traffic accidents (6%). Even 15% of men and 10% of women were alcohol intoxicated at the time of trauma. The most common fracture area was mandibular angle (32%) and condylar process fractures (31%). Conclusions. The incidence of mandibular fractures was remarkably larger in the male, during the second and third decade of life. Most mandibular fractures occurred in the warm period of the year, especially at weekends and late evening. The mandibular basis region was the most common fracture site. The most common cause of mandibular fractures was assault.

Study Protocol: Screening and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Trauma (START) – a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundThe incidence of mandibular fractures in the Northern Territory of Australia is very high, especially among Indigenous people. Alcohol intoxication is implicated in the majority of facial injuries, and substance use is therefore an important target for secondary prevention. The current study tests the efficacy of a brief therapy, Motivational Care Planning, in improving wellbeing and substance misuse in youth and adults hospitalised with alcohol-related facial trauma.Methods and designThe study is a randomised controlled trial with 6 months of follow-up, to examine the effectiveness of a brief and culturally adapted intervention in improving outcomes for trauma patients with at-risk drinking admitted to the Royal Darwin Hospital maxillofacial surgery unit. Potential participants are identified using AUDIT-C questionnaire. Eligible participants are randomised to either Motivational Care Planning (MCP) or Treatment as Usual (TAU). The outcome measures will include quantity and frequency of alcohol and other substance use by Timeline Followback. The recruitment target is 154 participants, which with 20% dropout, is hoped to provide 124 people receiving treatment and follow-up.DiscussionThis project introduces screening and brief interventions for high-risk drinkers admitted to the hospital with facial trauma. It introduces a practical approach to integrating brief interventions in the hospital setting, and has potential to demonstrate significant benefits for at-risk drinkers with facial trauma.Trial RegistrationThe trial has been registered in Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) and Trial Registration: ACTRN12611000135910.

Why Should We Start From Mandibular Fractures in the Treatment of Panfacial Fractures?

Clinically, the "bottom-up and outside-in" sequence is usually applied in the management of panfacial fractures (PFFs). However, findings to prove that a sequence initiated from the mandible is reasonable are not available. Our objective was to describe the distribution of mandibular fractures in PFFs and investigate the basis for initially addressing the mandible when treating PFFs. The data from 107 patients with PFFs from 1998 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. All cases were treated with the "bottom-up and outside-in" sequence. The most common sites of mandibular fractures in PFFs were the symphysis and condyle. The most common type of fracture was the isolated linear fracture. No correlations between fracture type and the incidence of mandibular fractures and other fractures in PFFs were observed; however, PFFs with simple mandibular fractures had fewer complications and better treatment effects than PFFs with complex mandibular fractures. Significant differences between mandibular fractures in PFFs and general mandibular fractures were found. The type distribution in the former was simpler than that in the latter; the severity was also less serious. Most PFF patients treated with the proposed sequence presented with satisfactory effects. Considering the important role of the mandible in facial bones, the results have provided evidence of the feasibility of the "bottom-up and outside-in" approach in the treatment of PFFs. However, some PFFs remain difficult to treat. Thus, additional studies are necessary.

A retrospective study of mandibular fracture in a 40-month period

This retrospective study evaluated the epidemiology, treatment and complications of mandibular fracture associated, or not associated, with other facial fractures, when the influence of the surgeon's skill and preference for any rigid internal fixation (RIF) system devices was minimized. The files of 700 patients with facial trauma were available, and 126 files were chosen for review. Data were collected regarding gender, age, race, date of trauma, date of surgery, addictions, etiology, signs and symptoms, fracture area, complications, treatment performed, date of hospital discharge, and medication. 126 patients suffered mandibular fractures associated, or not, with other maxillofacial fractures, and a total of 201 mandibular fractures were found. The incidence of mandibular fractures was more prevalent in males, in Caucasians and during the third decade of life. The most common site was the condyle, followed by the mandibular body. The therapy applied was effective in handling this type of fracture and the success rates were comparable with other published data.

A retrospective Study of Mandibular Fracture in Children

Background and objective: A retrospective study was done to report the incidence of mandibular fractures in children up to fifteen years of age seen in Rizgaree teaching hospital /Erbil / Kurdistan region of Iraq. Methods: The patient's records of 62 injured child aged 0-15 years, from 1/1/ 2002 to 31/12/2008 were retrieved and relevant data was recorded and analysed. A data collection sheet was designed to record patient's name, sex, age, site of fracture, the etiology of the injury and the method of treatment and complications. Results: The total number of patients who presented with mandibular fracture in children was 62 (78.5%). The ratio of boys to girls was 43 (69.4%) boys and 19 (30.6%) girls (2.2:1). Most of the trauma reported in age group 12-15years (46.8%). Regarding the site of fracture, condylar fracture (46.7%) was most common followed by symphesis (27.4%), dentoalveolar (14.5%), angle (8.1%) and body (3.3%). The main etiology of fracture was fall from height (54.8%). Most of the patients were treated by closed reduction (88.7%) and fixation. Conclusion: The incidence and etiology of mandibular fracture in children differs among different populations. In our study, the incidence was not very common, fall was most common cause, condylar fracture was most common. Most of the cases can be treated conventionally.

PR06 MANDIBULAR FRACTURES IN INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS IN NORTHERN TERRITORY

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiology of Mandibular fractures in the indigenous Australians and define any commonly occurring patterns.Patients and Methods: A retrospective series of 485 patients with Mandibular fractures admitted to the maxillofacial unit during the period January 1999 to June 2003 were analysed. Demographic data on patient's age, sex, aetiology, alcohol consumption at the time of injury, urban/rural status were recorded and assessed.Results: The epidemiology of an unselected series of Mandibular fractures is defined in this study. The overall incidence of Mandibular fractures was 54.5 cases per 100,000 populations per year. The incidence in indigenous Australians was 155 cases per 100,000 populations per year (2nd highest in the world). 72% of the patients were Aboriginal. 72% of the patients were male and 28% female. 90% of the females were indigenous. Most fractures were caused by assault (82.5%). 92% of the aboriginal women with mandibular fractures were assaulted. 69.9% of the patients were under the influence of alcohol at the time of injury. 6.18% of patients in this series had a recurrent mandibular fracture. In 5% of the patients the presenting symptom was an abscess from the mandibular fracture.Conclusions: The incidence and causes of mandibular fractures reflect trauma patterns (assaults and domestic violence) with in the aboriginal community in Northern Territory. Strategies to identify risk factors linked to Assaults and Domestic Violence and to help families to reduce the incidence of violence and alcoholism are integral to addressing this problem.

Management of Mandibular Fractures in a Developing Country: A Review of 314 Cases from Two Urban Centers in Nigeria

This study was designed to establish the current demographic and treatment patterns of mandibular fractures in two urban centers (Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, and National Hospital, Abuja) in Nigeria. All cases of mandibular fractures diagnosed and treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos (1998-2007) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria (2001-2007) were reviewed. Data collected included age, sex, etiology of fracture, anatomic site of fracture, associated maxillofacial fracture, types of treatment, and postoperative complications. The highest incidence of mandibular fractures (49.3%) occurred in the age group 21-30 years and the lowest in the age group 0-10 years, with male preponderance in nearly all age groups. Road traffic crashes (RTC) were the leading cause (67.5%), followed by assault (18.8%), and gunshot. Of the RTC cases, 85 (40%) were sustained from motorcycle-related crashes. The commonest site of fracture was the body of the mandible (n = 137), followed by the angle (n = 114). The majority (83.1%) were treated by closed reduction using intermaxillary fixation, 13.1% by open reduction and internal fixation, and 3.8% had conservative treatment. Mandibular fractures are commonest during the third decade of life and in men, with almost half of the cases due to of road traffic crashes. RTC was the leading cause of mandibular fractures in all age groups. Motorcycle-related mandibular fractures seem to be increasing in Nigeria. There is a need to enforce legislation designed to prevent RTC to reduce maxillofacial fractures in Nigeria.

Vibrational analysis of mandible trauma: experimental and numerical approaches

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vibrational assessment of the mandible fracture patterns. Measurement of natural frequencies and associated vibrational mode shapes was performed to determine the relationship between the dynamic behavior of the human mandible and incidence of mandibular fractures using both in vitro modal testing and finite element analysis. Our results show that the natural frequencies of the human mandible in dry and wet conditions are 567 Hz and 501 Hz, respectively. The first vibrational mode of human mandible is a bending vibration with nodes located at the mandibular body where bone fracture is less likely to occur. By contrast, high vibration amplitudes were identified in the symphysis/parasymphysis and subcondyle regions where bone fractures tend occur. These findings indicate that the vibrational characteristics of the mandible are potential parameters for assessment of the mechanisms of injury.

Fratura de mandíbula: análise de 293 pacientes tratados no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

A fratura de mandíbula ocupa o segundo lugar entre as fraturas dos ossos da face, tendo havido aumento significativo de casos nos últimos anos. A não-identificação e o tratamento inadequado podem levar à deformidade estética ou funcional permanente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os casos submetidos à redução de fratura de mandíbula no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, entre janeiro de 1974 e dezembro de 2002. FORMA DE ESTUDO: coorte historica. PACIENTES E MÉTODO: Duzentos e noventa e três pacientes foram submetidos à redução de fratura de mandíbula e retrospectivamente foram avaliados segundo fatores relacionados a: paciente, trauma, quadro clínico e tratamento cirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Houve uma clara tendência de aumento do número de fraturas de mandíbula ao longo dos anos. Houve um predomínio no sexo masculino (4:1), com pico de ocorrência entre 20 a 29 anos. As principais causas de fratura da mandíbula neste estudo foram acidentes de trânsito e violência, perfazendo juntas 72,4%. Cento e trinta e cinco pacientes apresentavam fratura única. Os sítios mais acometidos foram, em ordem decrescente, sínfise, côndilo, ângulo, corpo, ramo e processo coronóide. Foram realizadas redução incruenta (28), cruenta (213) e associação das duas (11 pacientes), sendo que 56,8% dos pacientes foram tratados nos primeiros 3 dias e 50,4% recebeu a alta hospitalar até o primeiro pós-operatório. Cerca de 10% dos pacientes apresentaram complicações, sendo osteomielite a mais freqüente. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de fraturas de mandíbula foi marcadamente maior no sexo masculino, durante a terceira década de vida. A causa mais comum foi o acidente de trânsito e as regiões mais atingidas foram sínfise e côndilo. As fraturas isoladas de mandíbula ocorreram em mais de metade dos casos. A maioria dos pacientes foi tratada nos primeiros três dias e recebeu alta até o primeiro pós-operatório. A redução cruenta foi tratamento mais comumente empregado. A complicação mais freqüente foi a osteomielite.

Mandibular fracture: analysis of 293 patients treated in the Hospital of Clinics, Federal University of Uberlândia

SummaryMandibular fracture is the second most common facial fracture and there has been a significant increase in number of cases in the last years. Misidentification and inadequate treatment can take to permanent aesthetic or functional deformity. Aim: Evaluate cases of mandibular fracture reduction in the Hospital of Clinics of the Federal University of Uberlândia, from January of 1974 to December of 2002. Study design: historical cohort. Patient and Method: Two hundred and ninety-three cases of reduction of mandibular fractures were retrospectively analyzed according to factors related to: patient, trauma, signs and symptoms, and surgical treatment. Results: There has been a clear tendency of increase of the number of mandibular fractures along the years. There was higher prevalence in male (4:1), with occurrence peak between 20 to 29 years old. The principal causes of fracture in this study were traffic accidents and violence, representing 72.4%. One hundred and thirty-five patients presented only one fracture. The most injured sites were, in decreasing order, symphysis, condyle, angle, body, ramus, and coronoid. We performed closed reduction (28), open reduction (213) and association of the two (11 patients); 56.8% of the patients were treated within the first 3 days; and, 50.4% were discharged from the hospital until the first postoperative day. About 10% of the patients presented complications, being osteomyelitis the most frequent one. Conclusion: The incidence of mandibular fractures was remarkably larger in the male sex, during the third decade of life. The most common cause was traffic accident, and symphysis and condyle were the most injured sites. Isolated fractures occurred in over half of the cases. Most of the patients were treated in the first three days and were discharged until the first postoperative visit. Closed reduction was the treatment most commonly employed. The most frequent complication was osteomyelitis.

Fractures de la mandibule

The mandible has been reported to be one of the most fractured bone in human. Several factors are involved in mandible fracture such as anatomy and biomechanisms. Long-term studies show a progressive increase in the incidence of mandibular fractures. The two predominant mechanisms of these injuries are interpersonal violence associated with addictive substance abuse, and vehicle accidents. Young males constitute the predominant population concerned by mandibular fractures. In this context, the accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms is high. Appropriate radiographic evaluation is utilised to confirm diagnosis.