Incidence Of Low Birth Weight Research Articles

Perinatal factors and early neonatal outcomes of abnormal birthweight infants in Hangzhou, China, 2015–2021: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the perinatal factors and early neonatal outcomes of abnormal birth weight (ABW) in Hangzhou, China from 2015 to 2021.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed to...

Pre-pregnancy body mass index and low birthweight: Secondary data analysis using health insurance claims data in Japan.

For women, being underweight increases their susceptibility to osteoporosis, anemia, and other conditions and affects the weight of their infants and the well-being of future generations. This study examined the association between low pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and low birthweight using health insurance claims data and health checkup data, including weight measurements. We used health insurance claims data and health checkup data (JMDC, Tokyo, Japan) of women and their newborns in Japan between 2006 and 2020. We used checkup data, which included more accurate weight measurements and blood test-based diagnoses of anemia and hyperlipidemia compared to self-reported data. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was compared across three groups: underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), and overweight (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2). The primary outcome was low birthweight (<2500 g), and secondary outcome was preterm childbirth. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare outcomes in the three groups by BMI. The underweight BMI group was considered as the reference group. A subgroup analysis was performed by maternal age. In total, 16 363 mothers (underweight, 3418 [21%], normal weight, 11 493 [70%], and overweight, 1452 [8.9%]) were included. The risk of primary outcome (low birthweight) was significantly lower in the normal weight group than in the underweight group (4.6% vs. 5.7%; adjusted odds ratio 0.78 [95% confidence interval: 0.65-0.96]). In the subgroup analyses, no significant differences were noted in the incidences of low birthweight and preterm childbirth between maternal age groups. Pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with an increased risk of delivering low-birthweight infant. Awareness about the importance of women's pre-pregnancy health and appropriate BMI may reduce the incidence of low birthweight.

Determinants of low birth weight among newborns delivered in public hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia: A case-control study (2023).

Low birth weight (LBW), defined as a birth weight less than 2500 g, irrespective of gestational age, poses a significant health concern for newborns. Despite efforts, the incidence of LBW in sub-Saharan Africa has remained stagnant over the past decade, warranting attention from healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers. This study aimed to identify factors associated with LBW among newborns delivered in public hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, from May 2 to June 10, 2023. An unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 2 to June 10, 2023, involving 318 participants (106 cases and 212 controls). Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaires, medical record reviews, and direct anthropometric measurements. Bivariate analyses were conducted, and variables with a p-value ≤ 0.25 were included in a multivariable logistic regression model to determine significant determinants of LBW. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used. A total of 309 newborns (103 cases and 206 controls) were included, yielding a response rate of 97.2%. Among the findings, females exhibited a higher risk of LBW (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.34, 7.32, p = 0.008), as did mothers aged 20 or younger (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.35, 8.66, p = 0.009). Lack of formal education was associated with increased risk (AOR: 6.82, 95% CI: 2.94, 15.3, p < 0.001), as were unplanned pregnancies (AOR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.38, 6.84, p = 0.006) and missed antenatal care visits (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.49, p = 0.021). No significant associations were found with residency type or maternal age above 35. Mothers aged ≤ 20 years, with inadequate minimum dietary diversity, lack of antenatal care attendance, and unplanned pregnancies, faced heightened risks of LBW. Addressing these factors is vital for reducing LBW occurrences and improving newborn health outcomes in Ethiopia.

Determinants of low birth weight and its effect on childhood health and nutritional outcomes in Bangladesh

BackgroundThe high incidence of low birth weight (LBW) is associated with an increased risk of infant mortality, adverse pregnancy outcomes for mothers, and a decline in overall health and well-being. The current study aimed to identify the various determinants of LBW and its effect on adverse health and nutritional outcomes of children aged 0–23 months in Bangladesh.MethodsBangladesh Demography and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 data was used. A chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to find out the associations between independent variables and outcomes (e.g., LBW, child illness and undernutrition).ResultsThe overall prevalence of LBW among was 16.3%. Mother with no formal education (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI = 0.55–3.30, p = 0.01), female child (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.04–1.65, p = 0.023); and poorest economic status (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.13–2.51, p = 0.010), were identified significant determinants of LBW. Of home environment and hygiene factors, unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03–1.84, p = 0.030) had a significant effect on LBW. In addition, children born with LBW were more likely to suffer fever (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05–1.60, p = 0.050), stunting (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.86–3.15, p = < 0.001), wasting (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02–2.25 p = 0.049), and underweight (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.40–4.23, p = < 0.001).ConclusionOne out of five children was LBW in Bangladesh. Maternal education, sex of child, wealth index, and toilet facilities had significant effects on LBW. In addition, LWB contributed to children’s poor health and nutritional outcomes. Enhancing maternal pregnancy, and child health outcomes necessitates policies addressing poverty, gender inequality, and social disparities. Key strategies include promoting regular prenatal care, early medical intervention, reproductive health education, and safe hygiene practices. To combat the negative impacts of LBW, a comprehensive strategy is vital, encompassing exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional support, growth monitoring, accessible healthcare, and caregiver education.

Effects of Low Emission Zones on Air Quality, New Vehicle Registrations, and Birthweights: Evidence from Japan

AbstractIn October 2003 four contiguous prefectures in Greater Tokyo introduced Low Emission Zones (LEZs) from which diesel trucks and buses without particulate filters have been banned from entering. This paper analyzes the effects of this large-scale intervention on air quality, new vehicle registrations, and birthweights. We use a matching approach to construct a control group comparable to the designated areas in terms of propensity scores based on municipality characteristics during the pre-intervention period and apply a difference-in-differences design. We find evidence that the intervention led to reductions in hourly particulate matter concentrations and the incidence of low birthweights in the Greater Tokyo LEZ relative to the control group. We also find that the LEZs led to increases in registrations of new trucks and buses. This is not the case for passenger cars, which were exempt from the regulations. Our paper provides the first evidence of a significant link between LEZs and reduced incidence of low birthweights.

Maternal and obstetric outcomes following the transfer of embryos warmed with fatty acid-supplemented solutions

BackgroundVitrification procedures decrease intracytoplasmic lipid content and impair developmental competence. Adding fatty acids (FAs) to the warming solution has been shown to recover the lipid content of the cytoplasm and improve developmental competence and pregnancy outcomes. However, the influence of the FA supplementation on live birth rates after embryo transfers and perinatal outcomes remains unknown. In the present study, we examined the influence of FA-supplemented warming solutions on live birth rates, pregnancy complications, and neonatal outcomes after single vitrified-warmed cleavage-stage embryo transfers (SVCTs).MethodsThe clinical records of 701 treatment cycles in 701 women who underwent SVCTs were retrospectively analyzed. Vitrified embryos were warmed using solutions (from April 2022 to June 2022, control group) or FA-supplemented solutions (from July 2022 to September 2022, FA group). The live birth rate, pregnancy complications, and perinatal outcomes were compared between the control and FA groups.ResultsThe live birth rate per transfer was significantly higher in the FA group than in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further demonstrated a higher probability of live births in the FA group than in the control group. Miscarriage rates, the incidence and types of pregnancy complications, the cesarean section rate, gestational age, incidence of preterm delivery, birth length and weight, incidence of low birth weight, infant sex, and incidence of birth defects were all comparable between the control and FA groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further demonstrated no adverse effects of FA-supplemented warming solutions.ConclusionsFA-supplemented warming solutions improved live birth rates after SVCTs without exerting any adverse effects on maternal and obstetric outcomes. Therefore, FA-supplemented solutions can be considered safe and effective for improving clinical outcomes and reducing patient burden.

Dietary diversity and other predictors of low birth weight in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia: Prospective study.

Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Dietary diversity is a key indicator of maternal dietary adequacy that may affect birth weight but little is known about their relationship. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association of suboptimal maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and low birth weight in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. The prospective study was conducted among 1062 pregnant women enrolled consecutively in between 16 to 20 gestational weeks and followed until delivery. The baseline data were collected at recruitment and dietary diversity was assessed using the minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD-W) tool in three different rounds. The average of three scores was considered to categorize women into optimal (consumed ≥ 5 food groups) and suboptimal (consumed < 5 food groups) dietary diversity groups. The risk of low birth weight among suboptimal dietary diversity was assessed using modified Poisson regression with robust standard error. Of the 1062 pregnant women recruited, 959 (90.4%) women completed follow-up. Among them, 302 (31.5%) women are having optimal and the rest, 657 (68.5%) women are having suboptimal dietary diversity. The risk of low birth weight was significantly higher among women with sub-optimal dietary diversity than among those with optimal diversity (ARR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.84). Other factors such as rural residence (ARR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.87), age > = 35 years (AAR = 3.94, 95% CI: 2.41, 6.46), being underweight (ARR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.86), height < 150cm (ARR = 4.65, 95% CI: 2.52, 8.59), unwanted pregnancy (ARR = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.23, 5.02), preterm delivery (3.65, 95% CI: 2.27, 5.84) and lack of nutritional counseling (ARR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.67) significantly increased the risk of low birth weight. Suboptimal dietary diversity associated low birth weight. Promoting dietary diversity by strengthening nutritional education and avoiding unwanted pregnancy particularly among rural residents may help to reduce the incidence of low birth weight.

Determinant Factors of The Incidence of Low Birth Weight in Central Java Province: Analysis of 2018 Basic Health Research Data

Determinant Factors of The Incidence of Low Birth Weight in Central Java Province: Analysis of 2018 Basic Health Research Data

Multilevel multinomial regression analysis of factors associated with birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa

Birth weight significantly determines newborns immediate and future health. Globally, the incidence of both low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia have increased dramatically including sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. However, there is limited study on the magnitude and associated factors of birth weight in SSA. Thus, thus study investigated factors associated factors of birth weight in SSA using multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis. The latest demographic and health survey (DHS) data of 36 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries was used for this study. A total of a weighted sample of 207,548 live births for whom birth weight data were available were used. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with birth weight. Variables with p-value < 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis, the adjusted Relative Risk Ratio (aRRR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association. The prevalence of LBW and macrosomia in SSA were 10.44% (95% CI 10.31%, 10.57%) and 8.33% (95% CI 8.21%, 8.45%), respectively. Maternal education level, household wealth status, age, and the number of pregnancies were among the individual-level variables associated with both LBW and macrosomia in the final multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis. The community-level factors that had a significant association with both macrosomia and LBW were the place of residence and the sub-Saharan African region. The study found a significant association between LBW and distance to the health facility, while macrosomia had a significant association with parity, marital status, and desired pregnancy. In SSA, macrosomia and LBW were found to be major public health issues. Maternal education, household wealth status, age, place of residence, number of pregnancies, distance to the health facility, and parity were found to be significant factors of LBW and macrosomia in this study. Reducing the double burden (low birth weight and macrosomia) and its related short- and long-term effects, therefore, calls for improving mothers' socioeconomic status and expanding access to and availability of health care.

Effect of diminished ovarian reserve on the outcome of fresh embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles among young women: A retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effect of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) on the clinical outcomes and maternal and infant safety of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) procedures in young women aged ≤ 35 years.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 4,203 infertile women aged ≤ 35 years who underwent fresh embryo transfer (ET) in IVF/ICSI cycles. The data were collected from their initial visits to Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between January 2015 and January 2022. Based on their ovarian reserve, the participants were categorized into two groups: DOR group (n = 1,027) and non-DOR group (n = 3,176). A propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to ensure a relatively balanced distribution of covariates. The primary outcome assessed in this study was the live birth rate, while the secondary observation indicators included rates of high-quality embryo development, blastocyst formation, clinical pregnancy, and miscarriage, along with perinatal complications, neonatal birth weight, and the incidence of low birth weight (LBW).ResultsThe DOR group showed notably lowered rates of blastocyst formation (59.8% vs. 64.1%), embryo implantation (29.8% vs.33.3%), clinical pregnancy (47.9% vs. 53.6%), and live birth (40.6% vs. 45.7%) compared to the non-DOR group (all P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the high-quality embryo rate, miscarriage rate, perinatal complications, neonatal birth weight, or LBW incidence in infants between both groups (all P > 0.05).ConclusionDOR has been found to reduce both clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in young females undergoing fresh ET in IVF/ICSI cycles. However, this reduction does not increase the risk of perinatal complications or LBW of infants through live birth cycles.

Usefulness of Umbilical Cord Nucleated RBC as a Prognostic Marker of Neonate Born to Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Mother in Resource Limiting Settings

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension are multi-system disorders of the mother that affect the fetusbecause of utero-placental insufficiency. These neonates may also have a spectrum of hematological changes which may add to the existing morbidity in them. objectives: To correlate cord Nucleated red blood cells and neonatal outcome in Pregnancy induced hypertension.Materials and method: The study was conducted in the Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Janakpuri, New Delhi. A total of 55 cases and 55 controls of newborns fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The mother’s antenatal records were examined to rule out the Pre-Existing maternal medical illness. History of drug intake and complianceof treatment was recorded. Results: Cord blood nucleated red blood cells was significantly raised inneonates born to PIH mothers (&gt;13 NRBC/100 WBC) compared to normotensive mothers and also hadsignificantly higher incidence of Low birth weight, Hypoglycemia, Respiratory distress and Asphyxia.Conclusion: NRBC count can be used as a simple tool where expertise not available and accordingly can plan the interventions. It is a special boon in a rural care center, where advanced diagnostic modalities are unaffordable or inaccessible. Umbilical cord NRBC count it correlates well with neonatal outcome.

HUBUNGAN ANEMIA DALAM KEHAMILAN IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH

Anemia is a common medical problem in pregnancy. So far, whether maternal anemia affects the health of mother and baby is still uncertain. Maternal anemia is generally considered a risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) babies. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anemia in maternal pregnancy and the incidence of LBW babies at Hajja Andi Depu Regional Hospital. This research is a quantitative analysis research with a cross sectional design. The research was carried out by taking medical record data from pregnant women who gave birth to low birth weight babies at Hajja Andi Depu Hospital, Polewali Mandar Regency. The sampling method is consecutive sampling of 20 samples. Bivariate analysis used using chi-square obtained a significant value, namely ???? 0.000 &lt; 0.05. There is a relationship between maternal pregnancy and the incidence of LBW at Hajja Andi Depu Regional Hospital.

The causal impact of fetal exposure to PM2.5 on birth outcomes: Evidence from rural China

This paper investigates the causal impact of fetal exposure to PM2.5 on birth outcomes, including birth weight, the incidence of low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA), based on a nationally representative birth record dataset in a developing country setting. We employed thermal inversion as the instrument variable (IV) for PM2.5 and leveraged the distinctive characteristics of rural China in the 1990 s to address identification challenges. Our IV estimates indicate that higher fetal PM2.5 exposure leads to lower birth weight and elevated probabilities of LBW and SGA. Due to the mortality selection in utero, weak male fetuses were more likely to be screened out by PM2.5 exposure, resulting in a comparatively lower vulnerability among the surviving male infants. Furthermore, infants born to less educated mothers exhibited increased susceptibility, a phenomenon not entirely explained by the sorting behaviors associated with the preference for cleaner air based on socioeconomic status.

Restricted spatial models for the analysis of geographic and racial disparities in the incidence of low birthweight in Pennsylvania

The incidence of low birthweight is a common measure of public health due to the increased risk of complications associated with infants having low and very low birthweights. Moreover, many factors that increase the risk of an infant having a low birthweight can be linked to the mother’s socioeconomic status, leading to large racial/ethnic disparities in its incidence. Our objective is thus to analyze the incidence of low and very low birthweight in Pennsylvania counties by race/ethnicity. Due to the small number of births in many Pennsylvania counties when stratified by race/ethnicity, our methods must walk a fine line: While we wish to leverage spatial structure to improve the precision of our estimates, we also wish to avoid oversmoothing the data, which can yield spurious conclusions. As such, we develop a framework by which we can measure (and control) the informativeness of our spatial model. To analyze the data, we first model the Pennsylvania birth data using the conditional autoregressive model to demonstrate the extent to which it can lead to oversmoothing. We then reanalyze the data using our proposed framework and highlight its ability to detect (or not detect) evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence of low birthweight.

An Analysis on Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight (LBW) Incidence in Tentara Wijayakusuma Hospital, Purwokerto

Background: LBW is defined as a baby born with a weight of less than 2,500 grams. LBW is the leading cause of neonatal mortality in Indonesia in 2021 and can lead to growth failure, cognitive development disorders, and chronic illnesses in infants. Objective : To identify the factors associated with LBW incidence in Tentara Wijayakusuma Hospital, Purwokerto, in 2022. Method: This study employed an analytic survey design with a case-control approach and a retrospective view. The study population consisted of all medical records of mothers who gave birth in Tentara Wijayakusuma Hospital in 2022, with a total sample size of 64, including 32 cases and 32 controls. The sampling technique used was total sampling and simple random sampling. Data collection was done using data collection sheets and checklists. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The study found significant associations between occupation (p=0.043), gestational age (p=0.010), interpregnancy interval (p=0.034), anemia (p=0.001), hypertension (p=0.025), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (p=0.008) with LBW incidence. The multivariate analysis indicated that the most dominant factor was anemia (p=0.000). Conclusion: There are correlations between occupation, maternal age, interpregnancy interval, anemia, hypertension, and pregnancy-induced hypertension with LBW incidence. Anemia is the most dominant factor associated with LBW incidence in Tentara Wijayakusuma Hospital, Purwokerto, in 2022.

Maternal Characteristics of Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Incidence

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants have the potential for cognitive deficits, motor delays, cerebral palsy, and other behavioral and psychological problems. Household expenses and health care system costs can be reduced by alleviating the burden of LBW. Currently, there are no available data on the maternal characteristics of very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) incidence in Indonesia.Method: This was a retrospective analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study included all infants born with a birth weight of &lt;1500 grams at Margono Purwokerto Hospital during 2018-2022. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using a significance level of p≤0.05.Results: A total of 65 patients in the ELBW group and 59 patients in the VLBW group were included in this study. Statistical test results showed no significant differences in the characteristics of age, parity, birth weight of the infant, criteria for hypertension during pregnancy, criteria for anemia, comorbidities, hospital treatment, postpartum care, and type of delivery. The variables that differed significantly were anemia (Hb VLBW vs Hb ELBW; 9.06 vs 8.21) and neonatal outcomes.Conclusion: There was no difference between the maternal characteristics of the incidence of very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight, except for anemia. Checking hemoglobin levels in patients with ELBW is essential for providing appropriate treatment.Karakteristik Ibu dengan Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Sangat Rendah dan Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Sangat RendahAbstrakPendahuluan: Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) berpotensi mengalami defisit kognitif, keterlambatan motorik, Cerebral Palsy, serta permasalahan perilaku dan psikologis lainnya. Pengeluaran rumah tangga dan biaya sistem pelayanan kesehatan dapat dikurangi dengan meringankan beban BBLR. Saat ini belum tersedia data mengenai karakteristik ibu dengan kejadian berat badan lahir sangat rendah (BBLR) dan berat badan lahir sangat rendah (BBLSR) di Indonesia.Metode:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik retrospektif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini meliputi seluruh bayi yang lahir dengan berat badan lahir &lt;1500 gram di RS Margono Purwokerto selama tahun 2018-2022. Analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan dengan tingkat signifikansi p≤0,05.Hasil:Sebanyak 65 pasien pada kelompok BBLR dan 59 pasien pada kelompok BBLSR dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada karakteristik umur, paritas, berat badan lahir bayi, kriteria hipertensi saat hamil, kriteria anemia, penyakit penyerta, perawatan di rumah sakit, perawatan nifas, dan jenis persalinan. Variabel yang berbeda secara signifikan adalah anemia (Hb BBLSR vs Hb BBLR; 9,06 vs 8,21) dan luaran neonatal.Kesimpulan:Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik ibu terhadap kejadian berat badan lahir sangat rendah dan berat badan lahir sangat rendah, kecuali anemia. Pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin pada pasien BBLR sangat penting untuk memberikan pengobatan yang tepat.Kata kunci: bayi berat lahir sangat rendah, BBLSR, bayi berat lahir sangat rendah, BBLR

Curriculum Reforms and Infant Health

Abstract This paper examines the effects of high school curriculum reforms on infant health by exploiting sharp and staggered changes across states in core course requirements for graduation. Our results suggest that curriculum reforms significantly reduced the incidence of low birthweight and prematurity for black mothers. For white mothers, the estimated effects are small and generally insignificant. We also explore the mechanisms for observed effects and provide evidence consistent with our explanations. Finally, we calculate a large social gain induced by favorable infant health outcomes. Several robustness checks and different placebo tests support our findings.

Association between infant birth weight and gestational weight gain in Japanese women with diabetes mellitus.

In 2021, the guidelines on gestational weight gain (GWG) were revised and increased by 2-3 kg in Japan. This study aimed to investigate whether the revised guidelines would increase the incidence of babies with excessive birth weight in mothers with diabetes. This retrospective study included 369 deliveries of women with diabetes whose pre-pregnancy body mass index was below 30 kg/m2 between 1982 and 2021. The primary outcome measure was large for gestational age (LGA). We compared the incidence of LGA between women who gained weight within the previous guidelines and women who gained weight within the revised guidelines. We also compared the incidence of macrosomia, preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight. The incidence of LGA was not significantly different between women who gained weight within the revised guidelines and those within the previous guidelines (34.6% [95% confidence interval 25.6-44.6%] for the revised guidelines vs 28.9% [21.6-37.1%] for the previous guidelines; P = 0.246). Neither was the incidence of macrosomia or preeclampsia significantly different (8.7% [4.0-15.8%] vs 5.6% [2.5-10.8%] and 5.8% [2.1-12.1%] vs 6.3% [2.9-11.7%]; P = 0.264 and 0.824, respectively), while women who gained weight within the revised guidelines had a lower incidence of SGA (1.9% [0.2-6.8%] vs 10.6% [6.0-16.8%]; P = 0.001) and low birth weight (1.0% [0.02-5.2%] vs 7.0% [3.4-12.6%]; P = 0.023). The revised GWG guidelines could be beneficial in women with diabetes in terms of delivering babies with appropriate birth weight.

Association of maternal serum uric acid levels with LBW/SGA: a large retrospective cohort study

BackgroundElevated maternal serum uric acid (UA) levels were associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between UA and the risk of low birth weight (LBW) / small for gestational age (SGA).MethodsA cohort study of women delivered in Shanghai maternity hospital was included between 2017 and 2021. Electronic medical records were utilized to extract information and antenatal care records. The cut-off value of UA was 360 μmol/L. The outcome was LBW/SGA, with LBW defined as birth weight below 2500 g and SGA indicating birth weight below the 10th percentile of average weight for gestational age. The assessment of SGA was based on the Chinese standard curve for birth weight at various gestational ages. Univariate, multivariate logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline were used in this study, with adjustments made for confounding factors.ResultsSixty-nine thousand six hundred seventy-four live births and singleton pregnancies were included. The ratio of LBW/SGA was 3.3%/9%. Maternal UA levels were significantly negatively correlated with birth weight. High UA levels were associated with high risk of LBW/SGA, especially in third trimester. In BMI < 25 group, the risk of LBW increased to 2.35-fold (95%CI, 1.66–3.31) in hyperuricemic group (UA > 360 μmol/L). The SGA risk was 1.66-fold (95%CI, 1.37–2.00). Gestational hypertension (GH) with hyperuricemica increased the risk of LBW (aOR = 4.00, 95%CI, 2.01–7.93) and SGA (aOR = 2.63, 95%CI, 1.83–3.78). Preeclampsia (PE) with hyperuricemia increased the risk of LBW (aOR = 1.38, 95%CI, 0.63–3.03) and SGA (aOR = 1.81, 95%CI, 1.18–2.78). In delivery gestational week (DGW) ≥ 37 group, if UA > 360 μmol/L, the incidence of LBW increased to 2.46-fold (95%CI, 1.62, 3.73) and the incidence of SGA increased to 1.52-fold (95%CI, 1.24, 1.87). In DGW < 37 group, if UA > 360 μmol/L, the incidence of LBW increased to 2.70-fold (95%CI, 1.92, 3.80) and the incidence of SGA increased to 2.13-fold(95%CI, 1.50, 3.02).ConclusionsThe study found an inverse correlation between UA levels and birth weight. High UA levels were associated with increased risk of LBW/SGA, particularly in third trimester. GH or PE complicated by hyperuricemia were found to have significantly higher risk of developing LBW/SGA. This relationship also existed in pregnant women with BMI < 25.

Effect of male HBV infection on the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles: a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of male hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on male fertility, embryonic development, and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study that included 3965 infertile couples who received fresh embryo transfer cycles for the first time at the Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fuzhou, China) from January 2018 to January 2021. Infertile couples were categorized based on their HBV infection status into the HBV group (HBV-positive men and HBV-negative women) and the control group (HBV-negative couples). A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed with relatively balanced covariates. Baseline characteristics, semen parameters, laboratory outcomes, clinical outcomes, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups. After propensity score matching, 821 couples were included in each group. Both groups had similar semen parameters and obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The HBV group showed a significantly lower live birth rate than the control group (P < 0.05). The HBV group had a significantly higher abortion rate than the control group (P < 0.05). The rates of high-quality embryos and blastocyst formation were significantly lower in the HBV group than those in the control group (both P < 0.05). In conclusion, in couples who undergo IVF/ICSI, male HBV infection reduces the live birth rate and increases the risk of miscarriage. However, the incidence of low birth weight in women with IVF/ICSI does not increase with male HBV infection.