Incidence Of Leg Weakness Research Articles

Growth performance, well-being, and gut microbial population of broilers raised in cages and floor pens under the hot and humid tropical climate

The study was carried out to compare the growth performance, gut microbiota, incidence of footpad dermatitis (FPD), leg weakness, physiological, and immunological responses in broilers kept in cage (CS) and floor pen (FS) rearing systems under a tropical environment. One-day-old male Cobb 500 chicks were allocated to either three-tiered wire-floored battery cages or floor pens with wood shavings. The body weight on day 42 and feed intake from days 1 to 42 of caged chickens were lower than those of chickens reared in floor pens. However, the caged chickens had significantly better overall (days 1–42) feed conversion ratios than those on floor pens. The FS system was detrimental to the incidence of FPD. The FS birds showed higher and lower caecal counts of Escherichia coli and Salmonellae, respectively than the CS birds. The FS birds had longer durations of latency-to-lie than their caged counterparts, which suggested that the former had a lower incidence of leg weakness. Higher serum basal concentrations of corticosterone, ovotransferrin and ceruloplasmin were noted in the FS chickens compared to the CS group. Antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccinations was not affected by the rearing system. In conclusion, the cage rearing system appeared to benefit performance, the incidence of FPD, physiological response, fear reactions, and intestinal population of E. coli in broiler chickens under the hot and humid tropical conditions. However, raising broilers on floor pens improves body weight and leg strength, and reduces the caecal Salmonellae population compared to caged broilers. HIGHLIGHTS Caged broilers have better feed efficiency and lower caecal Escherichia coli population and incidence of food-pad dermatitis than those on floor pens. Raising broilers on floor pens improves body weight and leg strength, and reduces the caecal Salmonellae population compared to caged broilers. Broilers on floor pens are more physiologically distressed than their caged counterparts.

Nutritional aspects related to non-infectious diseases in locomotor system of broilers

The maximum efficiency requirements in poultry include management, health, nutrition and environment. However, the interaction of these factors is not always met, generating malfunctions in the metabolism, physiology and anatomy. The incidence of leg weakness in rapidly growing birds has become a major concern in the poultry sector, not only due to poor performance and condemnation in processing plants, but also to compromised animal welfare. This article aims at reviewing the main nutrition-based diseases affecting the locomotor system of broiler chickens.

What is the incidence of leg weakness after ilio-inguinal block in children?

What is the incidence of leg weakness after ilio-inguinal block in children?

What is the incidence of leg weakness after ilio-inguinal block in children?

What is the incidence of leg weakness after ilio-inguinal block in children?

The Effect of Varied Brooding Temperature on the Incidence of Leg Weakness and Subsequent Performance of Turkeys

Male Nicholas turkeys were used in a study designed to determine the effects of high, moderate, and low brooding temperature on the occurrence of leg abnormalities during a subsequent 20 week grow-out period. Performance data were also obtained.There were no significant differences among the poults brooded under any of the three temperature regimens in the incidence of leg weakness or mortality. Body weights and feed/gain ratios measured at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 weeks of age were similar regardless of brooding temperature.

The Effects of Manganese, Biotin, and Choline on Hexosamine and Hydroxyproline Content as Related to Leg Weakness

Three experiments were conducted with day-old broiler chicks to determine the effects of dietary choline, biotin, and manganese on cartilage hexosamine and hydroxyproline content. The incidence of leg weakness was 75% or higher on all basal diets. The levels of supplementation found to minimize leg weakness were 1540 mg choline chloride/kg diet, .2 mg biotin/kg diet, and 100 mg manganese/kg diet. The levels required to maintain normal epiphyseal cartilage hexosamine content were 385 mg of choline chloride, .05 mg of biotin, and 25 mg of manganese/kg of diet. Substantially higher levels of nutrients were needed to reduce the incidence of leg weakness. Only with manganese supplementation was the incidence of leg weakness significantly reduced at the level of supplementation required for normal hexosamine content. Hydroxyproline content was not affected by varying the levels of supplemental choline, biotin, or manganese.

Growth Rate in Three Gallinaceous Species Fed Diets Imbalanced in Calcium, Phosphorus, and Protein

Three gallinaceous species, the Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), Red-legged partridge (Alectoris gracea), and chicken fryer (Gallus gallus domesticus) were fed diets containing either 15, 20, or 28% protein, 1 or 3% calcium, and .3 or .6% available phosphorus from hatch through 3 weeks of age.Chicks of all species grew poorly on diets containing 3% calcium and .3% available phosphorus, especially at the higher levels of dietary protein (20 and 28%). When fed diets containing .6% available phosphorus and 15% protein, pheasants and chickens had the same rate of growth from hatch through 3 weeks of age, irrespective of the level of dietary calcium.Feed conversion for groups of birds fed diets containing 1% calcium and .6% available phosphorus at all levels of protein was superior to that from birds fed diets containing similar levels of phosphorus and protein but containing 3% calcium.The higher level of dietary calcium (3%) in rations low in available phosphorus (.3%) caused leg paralysis in many birds of all species after 2 weeks of experiment at the higher levels of protein (20 and 28%). The incidence of leg weakness and mortality, after 3 weeks of experiment, was highest in pheasants followed by chickens and partridge.Irrespective of dietary protein, bone ash values for birds fed diets low in available phosphorus (.3%) and calcium (1%) were significantly (P<.01) higher than that for birds fed diets containing similar levels of protein and phosphorus but higher levels of calcium (3%). Bone ash values obtained for pheasants were consistently lower than those for chickens and partridge, especially when the dietary calcium level was 1%.Diets high in calcium (3%) and low in available phosphorus (.3%) can cause poor growth, severe paralysis, and high mortality if mistakenly fed to chicks of gallinaceous birds, especially pheasants, and result in major economic losses.

EFFECTS OF ENFORCED EXERCISE ON THE INCIDENCE OF LEG WEAKNESS IN GROWING BOARS

Twelve boars, three from each of four litters, were assigned at an average weight of 22.3 kg to three treatments to study effects of exercise on a treadmill on the incidence of leg weakness in terms of visual appraisal, cartilage and bone appraisal and blood serum composition. Treatments consisted of a control without enforced exercise, exercise three times/wk at a speed of 2 km/h at 0 slope (LE), and exercise at a speed of 4 km/h at 0 slope (HE). Boars were housed individually and fed a diet similar to that used in the Canadian Record of Performance for Swine program. Daily feed intake, weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion to 90 kg liveweight and average backfat and loin area at slaughter were not significantly influenced by treatment, suggesting that the degree of exercise had little influence on energy expenditure. Forelegs of non-exercised boars showed more abnormalities on visual appraisal than those of LE or HE boars and the degree of unsoundness increased from wk 6 to wk 10 for control boars, but not for LE and HE boars. When all sites were combined, there were no significant differences in mean lesion scores for joint cartilage evaluation, but there were significant differences between appraisal sites. Abnormalities of forelegs based on visual appraisal were significantly correlated with cartilage appraisal of both the proximal radius–ulna (P &lt; 0.01) and the distal humerus (P &lt; 0.05). Exercise had no apparent influence on bone mineralization or on the blood serum chemistry profile. The results indicate that exercise will reduce the incidence of visual abnormalities such as bow legs, flexion of the carpus and sickle leg in boars.

LEG Weakness In Pigs

Out of 373 Landrace boars and gilts involved in feeding experiments, 18.2 % showed severe degree leg weakness and 30 % mild degree leg weakness at 100 kg live weight. Of the boars at pig A.I. stations 23.9 % were slaughtered because of leg weakness, 75 % of these being under 1½ years. The practical significance of leg weakness is greatest in young breeding stock. High feed level in slaughter pigs resulted in poorer locomotory ability than medium feed level. Exercise resulted in pigs showing better movements. Variations of minerals and protein within limits used in practical feeding did not have any influence on the incidence of leg weakness. There was no statistically significant relationship (P > 0.05) between joint lesions and locomotory ability in pigs at 100 kg live weight, although severe lesions seemed to lead to poorer mobility. The joint regions which seemed to be mainly involved in severe degree leg weakness in boars were the elbow and stifle joints (31.3 %), the lumbar intervertebral joints (28.1 %) and the hip region (15.6 %). There was a significant relationship between narrow lumbar region, broad hams, large relative width between the stifle joints, and poor locomotory ability in slaughter pigs.

Dietary Calcium and Phosphorus Levels and the Vitamin D Requirement of the Chick

IN THE course of experiments on the stability of vitamin D in practical poultry rations, it was found that the high mineral content of the rations masked any effect of different levels of vitamin D.The present experiments were undertaken therefore, to study the influence of the calcium and phosphorus content of the diet on the vitamin D requirement of the chick.Bethke et al. (1929) studied the effect of varying the Ca:P ratios in chick diets containing no vitamin D. They were able to grow chicks to 13 weeks of age on vitamin D-free diets but growth was poor and the incidence of leg weakness was high. There was some indication that at favorable Ca:P ratios, increasing the level of mineral favored growth and calcification.Hart et al. (1930) confirmed the results of Bethke et al., and grew chicks to 12 weeks of age on vitamin D-free diets. Again .