Incidence Of Laryngeal Carcinoma Research Articles

Tumor suppression effect of targeting periostin with siRNA in a nude mouse model of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

The incidence of laryngeal carcinoma is increasing, however, the mechanism is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of periostin gene silencing by siRNA on tumor inhibition, in a novel nude mouse model of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and to explore possible inhibitory mechanisms. Tumors were established in nude mice by transplantation of LSCC AMC-HN-8 cell line. Forty-eight nude mice were randomly divided into groups of eight each, and treated with high (1.0 OD) or low (0.5 OD) doses of periostin-siRNA or appropriate control solutions. Tumor growth was observed and used to calculate an inhibition rate (%). Routine pathological and electron microscopic examination were used to determine tumor apoptosis and proliferation. Changes in periostin mRNA and protein levels were analyzed. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice treated by high dose periostin-siRNA compared to untreated and those treated with low dose periostin-siRNA (P<0.05). Pathological examination showed increased tumor necrosis and apoptotic changes in treated mice, which was confirmed by electron microscopy. Periostin mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in tumors from mice treated with high dose periostin-siRNA, compared to controls and low-dose periostin-siRNA treatment groups (P<0.05). Periostin silencing was associated with growth inhibition of tumor cells in a nude mouse model of LSCC. The underlying mechanism may be due to receptor-mediated induction of relevant signal transduction pathways that modulate the microenvironment needed for cancer cell survival. Periostin is expected to become a new target for cancer therapy.

Clinical significance and research progress of pepsin in laryngopharygeal reflux and laryngeal carcinoma

Laryngeal carcinoma is a common malignancy, and the incidence of this disease is on the rise. In recent years, more and more studies of the etiology and risk factors have confirmed the correlation between laryngopharygeal reflux and the incidence of laryngeal carcinoma. Laryngopharygeal reflux is defined as reflux of the stomach contents above the upper esophageal sphincter. Stimulation and injury of acid to the esophagus and throat mucosa have now been studied more thoroughly, and pepsin plays an increasingly important role in laryngopharygeal reflux disease. The incidence of laryngopharygeal reflux in patients with laryngeal carcinoma reported in the literature was 54.0%-88.7%, mainly because of mucosal injury due to the combined effect of gastric acid and pepsin. This article reviews the significance of pepsin in laryngopharygeal reflux, its mechanism of action and related clinical detection methods.

Expression of endothelin-1 in laryngocarcinoma tissues and its clinical significance.

In recent years, the incidence of laryngeal carcinoma has been on the increase. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and to establish its clinical significance. A total of 82 cases of laryngeal carcinoma tissues were examined, of which 27 cases were stage I, 34 were stage II, and 21 were stage III. The normal mucosal tissues beyond the surgical incision margin in the 82 laryngeal carcinoma patients were used as the normal control. An additional 80 tissue specimens collected from laryngeal carcinoma outpatients were used as benign lesions. ET-1 expression levels in different tissues were determined using streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the ET-1 expression level was highest in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). The ET-1 expression level was higher in stage III compared to that in stage I and II (P<0.05) and higher than that of the normal control (P<0.05). The ET-1 expression level was higher in stage II compared to that in stage I (P<0.05). In conclusion, ET-1 was strongly expressed in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma tissues. ET-1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma tissues was associated with the clinical staging of laryngeal carcinoma.

Head and neck cancer in the South West of England: influence of socio-economic status

The incidence of a number of cancers is affected by socio-economic status. We hypothesized that the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) would fall with increasing affluence, that this pattern would be similar for all sites, and that more second primary tumours would appear in deprived groups. Data on all HNSCC registered between 1985 and 1991 in the South West of England was collected. Tumours of the lip and skin were excluded. The measure of socio-economic status chosen was the Carstairs Index.1 Tumours were classified as ‘first alone’, ‘first plus others’, ‘synchronous’ (within 60 days) or ‘subsequent’. Corrected χ2 testing was applied. There were 1570 cases of HNSCC, 72% in men, 28% in women. Carstairs index could be determined for 1467 cases. Overall, socio-economic status was inversely related to the development of HNSCC. In men, the most deprived group had a significantly higher incidence of oral carcinoma than all other groups (P < 0.01), whereas the incidence of laryngeal carcinoma showed a gradual rise with increasing deprivation. In women, the trend was less clear. Seventy-two (4.9%) went on to develop a second primary, of which 35% were lung and 12% bladder. Socio-economic status did not affect the development of a second primary tumour in either sex. Thus, in the South West of England, socio-economic status affects the incidence of HNSCC, but there are different patterns in different tumour sites. However, socio-economic status does not affect the incidence of a second primary. The association of HNSCC with carcinoma of the bladder is a new finding.

Carcinoma of the Larynx: Changing Incidence in Women

Laryngeal carcinoma has classically been considered a disease of men with a history of tobacco and alcohol abuse. Substantial increases in the incidence of laryngeal carcinoma have occurred among both men and women from 1947 through 1984. In men, the incidence has increased from 5.6 to 9.0 per 100,000 population and in women, from 0.5 to 1.5 per 100,000 population. We recently encountered three consecutive cases of laryngeal carcinoma in women at the Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, Tex, diagnosed and treated over a 3-month period. Each woman had a long history of cigarette smoking, and two also had a history of alcohol abuse. These consecutive presentations of laryngeal carcinomas in women prompted us to examine our Cancer Registry Files from 1959 through 1973 and 1974 through 1988. Over these two 15-year periods, the male-to-female ratio declined from 5.6:1 to 4.5:1, reflecting a greater incidence among women.

喉頭癌の現況

The incidence of laryngeal carcinoma in Aichi prefecture was studied.The patients consisted of 477 men,28 women who were investig a ted during the past 5 years in cooperation with 15 main hospitals in Aichi prefecture.The incidence of laryngeal carcinoma was 1.60 per 100.000 person-years (3.02in men and 0.18 in women). There were 344 cases of glottic type,116 of the supraglottic, and 23 of the subglottic type. Metastasis in the neck was observed in 59.4% with supraglottic type, and 30.3% with the subglottic type.Pathological and clinical studies on 198 cases of laryngeal c arcinoma were investigated in our clinic during the past 10 years. There were 145 cases of glottic,36cases of supraglottic, and 13 cases of subglottic type. According to the T-classification, there were 61 cases in Ti,68 in T2,47 in T3 and 18 in the T4 group.T1 and T2 groups mainly received radiation treatment (60G y), T3 and T4 groups were treated by total laryngestomy with neck desection, and some patients (31 cases)with radio-resistance tumors among Ti, T2 groups underwent partial laryngectomy and reconstruction.Recently, CO2 Laser-microlaryngosurgery for carcinoma was applied for maintaining laryngeal functions. Among these patients, the three and five year survival rates were 74.4% and 68.8% respectively.

愛知県における喉頭癌の疫学的検討

愛知県における喉頭癌の疫学的検討

TUMOURS IN ICELAND

All primary tumours from the upper respiratory tract and ear submitted for a histological diagnosis in Iceland during the 20 years, 1955-1974, were reviewed and typed according to the World Health Organization Classification published in 1978. The series included 83 benign and 114 malignant tumours from the upper respiratory tract. The nasal cavity was the commonest site for benign tumours in both sexes, most being squamous cell and transitional papillomas. The larynx was the commonest site for malignant tumours in males, all being squamous cell carcinomas, and the paranasal sinuses and the nasopharynx in females, squamous cell carcinoma forming the largest group in the sinuses and undifferentiated carcinoma in the nasopharynx. The distribution of tumours in the nasal cavity and sinuses differed much between the two sites and between the sexes, which emphasizes that these two sites should be separated and not combined as they have been until recently in epidemiological reports and cancer registries. A relatively high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Iceland may be due to a high consumption of salted food. A rising incidence of laryngeal carcinoma is believed to be related to the use of tobacco and alcohol and is of special concern owing to its marked rise in young females.

Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Golden Hamsters2

Invasive carcinoma of the larynx was induced in 36.8% of inbred Syrian golden hamsters from strain B10 15.16, susceptible to this type of cancer when exposed to smoke from reference filter cigarettes for 59-80 weeks. Nearly half the animals (47.4%) showed laryngeal cancer, including noninvasive carcinoma and carcinoma in situ, which occurred with daily smoke exposures (twice a day for 12 min each time, for 27 sec out of each min) 7 days a week at smoke concentrations of 22%. When the smoke concentration was reduced to 11%, the number of induced lesions was reduced proprotionately. When a portion of tobacco was replaced in the cigarettes by a tobacco supplement, Cytrel (a trademark of the Celanese Corp., Charlotte, N.C.), a reduction of carcinogenesis proportionate to the Cytrel content of the cigarette took place. Smoke from cigarettes containing only Cytrel and no tobacco induced no carcinomas under the conditions used. Other dose-related changes observed were laryngeal papillomas, laryngeal epithelial hyperplasia, tracheal epithelial hyperplasia, and metaplasia and accumulation of alveolar macrophages. Tar deposition in lungs and accumulation of alveolar macrophages. Tar deposition in lungs and larynges was determined in a separate study by means of a marker, decachlorobiphenyl, added to the cigarettes. Admixture of Cytrel to cigarettes reduced tar deposition in the respiratory tract, which paralleled the decrease in the incidence of laryngeal carcinoma. However, the amounts of tar deposited in the larynx when 100% Cytrel was smoked were still significant, even though no carcinomas were observed. Thus smoke from Cytrel tobacco supplement may be less carcinogenic than equal amounts of tobacco smoke.

Asbestos Exposure and Laryngeal Carcinoma

THE association of asbestos exposure with and an increased incidence of malignant neoplasms has been reported. 1 Two articles have recently suggested an association between exposure to asbestos and an increased incidence of laryngeal carcinoma. 2,3 The three patients of Libshitz et al 2 all had a history of smoking and were treated with radiotherapy or total laryngectomy with apparently good initial results. This is a report of a nonsmoker who worked for 30 years in an asbestos processing plant and who had epidermoid carcinoma involving the left vocal cord. Report of a Case A 63-year-old man complained of persistent hoarseness for several months. A biopsy specimen at another hospital prior to referral showed epidermoid carcinoma of the left vocal cord. He had worked for 30 years in a factory concerned with production of asbestos products. A brother had succumbed to pulmonary asbestosis with respiratory insufficiency. A preoperative chest x-ray

Carcinoma in situ of the larynx.

A retrospective study of carcinoma in situ of the larynx at the British Columbia Cancer Institute indicates that radiotherapy, using a tumoricidal dose of Co 60, is the treatment of choice for this condition. Between 1940 and 1972, 43 patients with carcinoma in situ of the vocal cords were seen. A follow-up of five years or more was possible in 28 of these cases. Twenty-two were treated primarily with a tumoricidal dose of radiotherapy. Twenty-one of the 22 were free of disease for at least five years. This study, therefore, shows a five-year cure rate of almost 100 percent for patients treated with radiotherapy. It also brings out two further points regarding carcinoma in situ of the larynx; namely, an apparent increase in its incidence, and the presence of co-existing invasive carcinoma in some cases. We feel that since the incidence of laryngeal carcinoma has not increased, this apparent increase probably represents a greater awareness by both the pathologist and the clinician. We have also achieved more accurate diagnosis since the introduction of routine microlaryngoscopy. The single radiotherapy failure in our series was due to failure to diagnose co-existing invasive carcinoma. This would seem to be the most likely cause of similar failures reported in the literature.