Incidence Of Hypertension In Adults Research Articles

Impact of Anthropometric Indices of Obesity on the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Adults with Prehypertension: A Secondary Analysis of a Cohort Study

This study aimed to investigate the impact of anthropometric indices of obesity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist hip ratio, and body fat percentage) on the incidence of hypertension in adults with prehypertension. A longitudinal study design using secondary data form the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study was employed. The study included 1,838 adults with prehypertension tracked every two years from 2001 to 2018. Statistical analyses, including frequency assessments, number of cases per 1,000 person-years, log-rank tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox's proportional hazards regression, were conducted using SPSS version 25. Over the observation period (15,783.6 person-years), 1,136 individuals developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in the obesity groups defined by BMI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.33), waist circumference (HR = 1.34), waist hip ratio (HR = 1.29), and body fat percentage (HR = 1.31) compared to the non-obese group. These findings indicate an increased risk of hypertension associated with obesity as measured by these indices. The study underscores the importance of avoiding obesity to prevent hypertension in individuals with prehypertension. Specifically, BMI, waist circumference, waist hip circumference, and body fat percentage were identified as significant risk factors for hypertension. The results suggest the need for individualized weight control interventions, emphasizing the role of health professionals in addressing the heightened hypertension risk in this population.

The Relationships between Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, Alcohol Consumption, and Hypertension in Adults: Meta-Analysis

Background: Hypertension is a disease that causes damage to body systems. Risk factors for hypertension are changes in socioeconomic, environmental and unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, lack of physical activity, high-fat and high-calorie foods, and alcohol consumption. This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical activity, sleep duration and alcohol consumption on the incidence of hypertension in adults with a meta-analysis study. Subjects and Method : This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the population: adults (>18 years old). Intervention: low physical activity, short sleep duration and frequent alcohol consumption. Comparison: moderate physical activity, normal sleep duration and no alcohol consumption. Outcome: the incidence of hypertension. The articles used were obtained from several databases: PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords are: “physical activity” OR exercise” AND “sleep duration” AND “alcohol consumption” AND "hypertension" OR “high blood pressure”. The article used was a full text article with a cross sectional study design and the results were reported in aOR. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 27 articles in this study came from 4 continents, namely Asia (South Korea, China, Lebanon, Thailand), Africa (Cameroon, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan), Europe (Poland, France, Portugal, Spain) and America (United States of America). The forest plot results showed that adults with low physical activity had 1.41 times higher risk to experience hypertension compared to people who did moderate physical activity (aOR= 1.41; 95% CI= 1.22 to 1.62; p<0.001). Short sleep duration increased the incidence of hypertension by 1.19 times higher compared to normal sleep duration (aOR= 1.19; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.32; p= 0.002). Frequent alcohol consumption increased the incidence of hypertension by 1.29 times higher compared to no alcohol consumption (aOR=1.29; 95% CI= 1.12 to 1.49; p=0.006). Conclusion: Physical activity, sleep duration and alcohol consumption increase the incidence of hypertension in the adult population. Keywords: Physical activity, sleep duration, alcohol consumption, hypertension, meta-analysis Correspondence: Niken Putri Eka Saraspuri. Vocational School, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Email: nikenputri54­@gmail.com. Mobile: 081327372766. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2022), 07(01): 1-16 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2022.07.01.01

Saltwater fish consumption pattern and incidence of hypertension in adults: A study on the population of Gresik coast, Indonesia.

Background: Hypertension is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the Indonesian population, characterized by an increasing number of sufferers each year. Curtailing saltwater fish consumption pattern is an optional effort to prevent hypertension, as most users tend to attribute little or no attention to this possibility.Design and Methods: The purpose of this study, therefore, was to analyze the correlation between saltwater fish consumption pattern and the incidence of hypertension in adults, using analytic research design with cross sectional approach.Results: The analysis showed the dominance of female respondents (63%), aged 36-45 years (60%), graduated from senior high school (33.8%), working as housewives (32.5%), monthly income above the average (63.6%), absence of hypertension history (80.5%), eat sea fish often as a side dish (59.7%), and pre hypertension (59.1%). Furthermore, data analysis showed a Pvalue of 0.000, indicating the presence of a significant relationship between the consumption pattern of sea fish and the incidence of hypertension.Conclusions: The results of this study show the high consumption of saltwater fish by most people living in Kebungson, Gresik Village. This correlates with the incidence of hypertension in indigenous adults, as the majority was classified with prehypertension levels.Significance for public healthHypertension is a serious health challenge in Indonesia, characterized by an increase in prevalence among patients. This disease features difficulty in regulating blood pressure, as well as other comorbidities and complications, which consequently increases morbidity and mortality. This study shows the correlation between saltwater fish consumption pattern and the incidence of hypertension in adults.

Oral glucocorticoids and incidence of hypertension in people with chronic inflammatory diseases: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND:Only a few population-based studies have examined the association between glucocorticoids and hypertension, with inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the effect of oral glucocorticoids on incidence of hypertension in adults with chronic inflammatory diseases.METHODS:We analyzed electronic health records from 389 practices in England during 1998–2017 of adults diagnosed with any of 6 chronic inflammatory diseases but with no previous diagnosis of hypertension. We used glucocorticoid prescription data to construct time-variant daily and cumulative variables of prednisolone-equivalent dose (cumulated from 1 year before the start of follow-up) and estimated incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for hypertension using Cox regression analysis.RESULTS:Among 71 642 patients in the cohort, 24 896 (34.8%) developed hypertension during a median follow-up of 6.6 years. The incidence rate of hypertension was 46.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.0–47.3) per 1000 person-years. Incidence rates increased with higher cumulative glucocorticoid prednisolone-equivalent dose, from 44.4 per 1000 person-years in periods of nonuse to 45.3 per 1000 person-years for periods with between > 0.0 and 959.9 mg (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09–1.19), to 49.3 per 1000 person-years for periods with 960–3054.9 mg (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.14–1.27), and to 55.6 per 1000 person-years for periods with ≥ 3055 mg (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.25–1.35). Cumulative effects were seen for the 6 diseases studied, but dose–response effects were not found for daily dose.INTERPRETATION:Cumulative dose of oral glucocorticoids was associated with increased incidence of hypertension, suggesting that blood pressure should be monitored closely in patients routinely treated with these drugs. Given that glucocorticoids are widely prescribed, the associated health burden could be high. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials. gov, no. NCT03760562.

Positive association of alcohol consumption with incidence of hypertension in adults aged 40 years and over: Use of repeated alcohol consumption measurements.

Managing alcohol consumption may be an effective way of preventing hypertension, which is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, there is little evidence on the temporal relationship between alcohol consumption and incidence of hypertension. We investigated the prospective association between repeated measures of alcohol consumption and hypertension incidence among Korean adults aged 40 and over. This study included a total of 4989 participants that were not taking antihypertensive drugs and had normal blood pressure (BP) (systolic<140mmHg and diastolic<90mmHg). We used three measures of alcohol consumption (baseline, most recent, and average) as exposures and compared the three approaches. Using a modified Poisson regression model with a robust error estimator, we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypertension. Over a total of 17,689 person-years (average 3.5 years of follow-up), 574 incident cases of hypertension were identified. In multivariable models, consuming ≥30ml/d of alcohol was associated with a risk of hypertension among men (IRR=1.72, 95% CI=1.20-2.48, p trend=0.017 for baseline alcohol consumption; IRR=1.69, 95% CI=1.23-2.33, p trend=0.005 for the most recent alcohol consumption; IRR=1.49, 95% CI=1.09-2.03, p trend=0.014 for average alcohol consumption). After additional adjustment for baseline BP the positive association remained only when the most recent alcohol consumption measure was used. There was no significant association between alcohol consumption and hypertension among women, and no interaction effect between alcohol consumption and baseline BP levels on incidence of hypertension (all p interaction>0.05) existed. Alcohol consumption, especially consuming ≥30ml/d, may be positively linked with incidence risk of hypertension among men.

The Relationship of Physical Activity and Obesity with the Incidence of Hypertension in Adults Aged 26-45 Years in Medan.

BACKGROUND:The incidence rate of hypertension is increasing in Indonesia concerning unhealthy behaviours such as unhealthy physical activity and eating pattern which trigger obesity. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension in > 18-year-old people was 34.1% in 2018.AIM:The objective of the research was to find out the relationship between physical activity and obesity with the incidence of hypertension in adults (26-45 years old) in Medan.METHODS:The research was done in Medan, using a case-control study design. The samples were 150 hypertension patients, taken by using proportional allocation: 75 of them were in the case group and the other 75 of them were in the control group. The data were gathered by conducting interviews, measurement, and questionnaires and analysed by using simple logistic regression test.RESULTS:The result of the research showed that there was significant relationship of physical activity (p = 0.000; OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.802-7.270) and obesity (p = 0.000; OR = 4; 95% CI, 2.030-7.900) with the incidence of hypertension in 26-45-year-old respondents.CONCLUSION:Make a habit of a healthy lifestyle in their daily life by doing physical activity regularly and good eating pattern to forestall hypertension.

Dynamic Changes in Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter and Incidence of Hypertension in Adults.

Many countries dedicated in mitigation of air pollution in the past several decades. However, little is known about how air quality improvement affects health. Therefore, we conducted current study to investigate dynamic changes in long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and incidence of hypertension in a large longitudinal cohort. We recruited 134 978 adults aged 18 years or above between 2001 and 2014. All the participants received a series of standard medical examinations, including measurements of blood pressure. The PM2.5 concentration was estimated using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model at a high resolution (1×1 km2). The change in long-term exposure to PM2.5 (ΔPM2.5) was defined as the difference between the values measured during follow-up and during the immediately preceding visit, and a negative value indicated an improvement in PM2.5 air quality. Time-varying Cox model was used to examine the associations between ΔPM2.5 and the development of hypertension. The results show that PM2.5 concentrations increased in 2002, 2003, and 2004, but began to decrease in 2005. Every 5 µg/m3 change in exposure to PM2.5 (ie, a ΔPM2.5 of 5 µg/m3) was associated with a 16% change in the incidence of hypertension (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.82-0.86). Both stratified and sensitivity analyses generally yielded similar results. We found that an improvement in PM2.5 exposure is associated with a decreased incidence of hypertension. Our findings demonstrate that air pollution mitigation is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Uric Acid Excretion Predicts Increased Blood Pressure Among American Adolescents of African Descent

BackgroundHyperuricemia predicts the incidence of hypertension in adults and its treatment has blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects in adolescents. To date, no studies have examined the predictive usage of hyperuricemia or urinary uric acid excretion on BP changes in adolescents. Mechanistic models suggest that uric acid impairs both endothelial function and vascular compliance, which would potentially exacerbate a myriad of hypertensive mechanisms, yet little is known about interaction of uric acid and other hypertension risk factors. Materials and MethodsThe primary study was aimed at the effects of stress on BP in adolescents. A community sample of 84 low-income, urban adolescents (50% male, 95% African American, mean age = 13.36 ± 1 years) was recruited from public schools. Youth completed a 12-hour (overnight) urine collection at home and their BP was measured during rest and in response to acute psychosocial stress. Seventy-six of the adolescents participated in a follow-up visit at 1.5 years when their resting BP was reassessed. In this substudy, we assessed the relationship of renal urate excretion and BP reactivity. ResultsAfter adjusting for resting BP levels at baseline and other covariates, higher levels of uric acid excretion predicted greater BP reactivity to acute psychosocial stress and higher resting BP at 18 months. ConclusionsUrinary excretion of uric acid can serve as an alternative, noninvasive measure of serum uric acid levels that are predictive of BP changes. As hyperuricemia-associated hypertension is treatable, urban adolescents may benefit from routine screening for hyperuricemia or high uric acid excretion.