Incidence Of Hemorrhagic Fever Research Articles

The 2016 Severe Floods and Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in the Yangtze River Basin

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a neglected zoonotic disease, has received only short-term attention in postflood prevention and control initiatives, possibly because of a lack of evidence regarding the long-term association of flooding with HFRS. To quantify the association between severe floods and long-term incidence of HFRS in the Yangtze River basin and to examine the modifying role of geographical factors in this association. This cross-sectional study collected data on HFRS cases between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2019, from 58 cities in 4 provinces (Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi) in the Yangtze River basin of China, with a breakpoint of flooding in July 2016, generating monthly data. The 3 years after July 2016 were defined as the postflood period, while the 3 years before the breakpoint were defined as the control period. Statistical analysis was performed from October to December 2023. City-level monthly flooding, elevation, ruggedness index, and closest distance from each city to the Yangtze River and its tributaries. The primary outcomes were the number of city-level monthly HFRS cases and the number of type 1 (spring or summer) and type 2 (autumn or winter) HFRS cases. A total of 11 745 patients with HFRS were reported during the study period: 5216 patients (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [16.2] years; 3737 men [71.6%]) in the control period and 6529 patients (mean [SD] age, 49.8 [15.8] years; 4672 men [71.6%]) in the postflood period. The pooled effects of interrupted time series analysis indicated a long-term association between flooding and HFRS incidence (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.68), with type 1 cases being at highest risk (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.40-2.09). The metaregression results indicated that elevation and ruggedness index were negatively associated with the risk of HFRS, while the distance to rivers interacted with these associations. This cross-sectional study of the long-term association between flooding and HFRS incidence, as well as the modification effects of geographical factors, suggests that severe floods were associated with an increased risk of HFRS within 3 years. This study provides evidence for the development of HFRS prevention and control strategies after floods.

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal disease syndrome in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Vojvodina from 2008-2015 and to examine the factors associated with acute renal failure and hemorrhagic syndrome. Material and Methods. Data were extracted from medical records spanning 2008 to 2015, including demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings at hospital admission, as well as the course and outcome of treatment. The study investigated the correlation between disease incidence and climate, focusing on acute renal failure, its risk factors, the incidence of hemorrhagic syndrome, and factors influencing hospital stay duration. Results. The highest incidence for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was recorded in 2014, with a rate of 0.5 per 100.000 inhabitants. Acute renal failure was observed in 40% of patients, while mild manifestations of hemorrhagic syndrome were noted in 46.7% of cases. Factors contributing to acute renal failure included lumbar pain (p=0.005), creatinine concentrations (p=0.011), and Simplified Acute Physiology score (p=0.013). The average length of hospitalization was 10 days (range 7-13 days) and was correlated with increased leukocytosis (p=0.028; ?=0.566), higher C-reactive protein values (p=0.014; ?=0.686), lower serum sodium levels (p=0.009; ?=0.772), higher serum creatinine concentrations (p=0.002; ?=0.742), the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (p=0.013; ?=0.612) and the Simplified Acute Physiology score (p=0.023; ?=0.582). Conclusion. Climatic factors are associated with the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The overall outcome of the disease was favorable.

Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Economic Damage Associated with the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Russian Federation

The aim of the study was to develop methodological approaches to assessing the economic damage associated with the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and to calculate the economic damage by the example of an outbreak of HFRS in the Saratov region in 2019. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the economic indicators of the Federal State Statistics Service; data on the incidence of HFRS in the Russian Federation for the period of 2019–2022. To calculate the cost of outpatient and inpatient medical care, as well as the costs associated with the medical follow-up of convalescents, the indicators of the Program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for 2022 and for the scheduled period of 2023 and 2024 were used. The calculation of economic losses associated with the payment of temporary disability benefits was carried out according to the equation provided in the Federal Law No. 255-FZ dated December 29, 2006 (as amended on October 07, 2022). Economic losses associated with premature death at an economically active age were calculated based on the value of unproduced GDP due to lost years of life in the corresponding age group. Results and discussion. The costs of treatment, rehabilitation and payment of temporary disability benefits for 1 case of HFRS at the age of 0 to 56.5 years for the female population and from 0 to 61.5 years for the male population amount to 140 495 rubles; over the age of 56.5 years for the female population and 61.5 years for the male population – 95 412 rubles, respectively. Each fatal case of HFRS aged 0 to 16 years among the male population costs the state 38 976 231 rubles; among the female population – 34 708 331 rubles; in active working age – the value of economic damage varies depending on the age of the person who died of HFRS. The economic damage of the outbreak of HFRS in the Saratov Region (2019), taking into account the direct expenditures of the healthcare system and indirect losses of the country’s economy amounted to 441 453 432 rubles. It is of note that the structure of the main damage is dominated by indirect losses in the economy caused by the premature death of people in economically active age.

Review of the incidence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever for 16 years in 2005-2020 based on ProMED-RUS reports

Review of the incidence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever for 16 years in 2005-2020 based on ProMED-RUS reports

Epidemiological study on the incidence of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in five Western Balkan countries for a 10‐year period: 2006–2015

Large-scale epidemics of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have been reported mostly in Asia and Europe, with around 100,000 people affected each year. In the Southeast Europe, Balkan region, HFRS is endemic disease with approximately 100 cases per year. Our aim was to describe epidemiological characteristics of HFRS in five Western Balkan (WB) countries and to describe correlation between HFRS incidence and major meteorological event that hit the area in May 2014. National surveillance data of HFRS from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia obtained from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2015 were collected and analysed. In a 10-year period, a total of 1,065 HFRS patients were reported in five WB countries. Cumulative incidence rate ranged from 0.05 to 15.80 per 100.000 inhabitants (in North Macedonia and Montenegro respectively). Increasing number of HFRS cases was reported with a peak incidence in three specific years (2008, 2012, and 2014). Average incidence for the entire area was higher in males than females (5.63 and 1.90 per 100.000 inhabitants respectively). Summer was the season with the highest number of cases and an average incidence rate of 1.74/100.000 inhabitants across 10-year period. Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome incidence was significantly increased (7.91/100.000 inhabitants) in 2014, when a few months earlier, severe floods affected several WB countries. A strong significant negative correlation (r=-.84, p<.01) between the monthly incidence of HFRS and the number of months after May's floods was demonstrated for the total area of WB. Our findings demonstrate that the HFRS incidence had similar distribution (general, age, sex and seasonality) across majority of the included countries. Summer was the season with the highest recorded incidence. Common epidemic years were detected in all observed countries as well as a negative correlation between the monthly incidence of HFRS and the number of months after May's cyclone.

Is the Reduced Incidence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Related to the Preventive Measures of COVID-19?

Is the Reduced Incidence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Related to the Preventive Measures of COVID-19?

Protective effect of predator species richness on human hantavirus infection incidence

Are predators of rodents beneficial for public health? This question focuses on whether predators regulate the spillover transmission of rodent-borne diseases. No clear answer has emerged because of the complex linkages across multiple trophic levels and the lack of accessible data. Although previous empirical findings have suggested ecological mechanisms, such as resource partitioning, which implies protective effects from predator species richness, epidemiological evidence is needed to bolster these arguments. Thus, we investigated the association between predator species richness and incidence of rodent-borne haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the human population using district-level longitudinal data of 13 years for South Korea. With the exception of districts with low species richness, we found a significant negative association between the incidence of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and the species richness of both avian and mammalian predators; the trends for both predator types were similar. Thus, biodiversity conservation may benefit public health.

Профилактика заболеваний населения геморрагической лихорадкой с почечным синдромом в Саратовской области

The territory of the Saratov Region is situated predominantly in steppe area and is not among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation characterized by consistently high human infections with hemorrhagic fever (HFRS) incidence rates among the population. In certain years, extreme weather events in combination with good feeding and protective conditions result in hard to forecast outbreaks of the red vole numbers – main carrier of the hantavirus Puumala. Risk territories for intensive and extensive epizooty development are intra-zonal and azonal forest biotopes, to which recreation, residential areas and dacha settlements adjust. Epidemic complications on HFRS have been registered since 1960s. The outbreaks of the disease occurred in 1986, 1992, 1999, and 2014. Record-breaking as regards the number of cases outbreak was reported in 2019, associated with intensive sub-snow reproduction of the red vole during winter season. Intensive morbidity rate was 109.7 per 100 thousand of the population, which is tens of times higher than the long term average annual values (7.2). Under the given circumstances, a broad range of preventive measures was implemented, including additional monitoring investigations, restrictive, and sanitary-technical activities, outreach campaign, disinfection and deratization. As a result of the measures performed, incidence rates in the first half of 2020 was reduced to 5.7 per 100 thousand of the population. The lessons learned can help to avoid similar events in the region, other constituent entities that are enzootic in terms of this zoonosis. The results obtained should also be taken into account when monitoring other zoonoses relevant to the region, as well as on the territories of other subjects of the Russian Federation.

Review of the Current Epidemiological Situation on the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the World and Forecast of the Incidence for the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2019

The paper presents analysis of epidemiological situation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome around the world and in the Russian Federation over the period of 2009–2018. 5855 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were registered in Russia in 2018 (3.99 per one hundred thousand of the population). Downward trend is observed as compared to 2017 (by 29.6 %). Cases of cluster infection were not reported. It is established that the highest level of morbidity, exceeding the average level across Russia 3.9 times, was noted in the Volga Federal District, where 77.5% of the total cases occurred. The territory of the Russian Federation was differentiated by the HFRS incidence rates. The areas with high levels of morbidity included the entities of the Russian Federation with intensive index range between 9.08 and 41.39 per one hundred thousand of the population, among them Republics of Bashkortostan, Mari El, Tatarstan, and Mordovia, Udmurt and Chuvashi Republics, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, and Jewish Autonomous Regions. The forecast for preservation of tense epidemiological situation on HFRS incidence in the territory of the Volga Federal District was substantiated.

The impact of the vaccination program for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hu County, China

The incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Hu County ranked third of all counties in China in 2010. Although this county has provided a HFRS vaccination program freely since 1994, the impact of HFRS remains quite substantial. In order to continue the vaccination program effectively and control HFRS, a detailed understanding of the effect of the vaccination program should be undertaken. The Cochran–Armitage trend test was employed to examine the temporal trends of HFRS incidences, mortality rate and vaccination compliance. Temporal cluster analysis was performed to detect time periods of high HFRS risk. Cross correlation analysis was conducted to detect the correlation between HFRS incidence and vaccination compliance. Wavelet analysis was employed to detect the shift of the periodicity of HFRS. Between 1971 and 2011, the HFRS incidence and mortality rate ranged from 9.53/100,000 to 300.57/100,000 and 0 to 24.91/100,000, respectively, with a fluctuating but distinctly declining trend (incidence: Z=−34.38, P<0.01; mortality rate: Z=−23.44, P<0.01). The vaccination compliance ranged from 4.55% to 83.67%, with a distinctly increasing trend (Z=1621.70, P<0.01). The most likely temporal cluster of the HFRS epidemic was between 1983 and 1988 (RR=3.44, P<0.01) or 1979–1988 (RR=3.18, P<0.01) with different maximum temporal cluster size. There was a negative correlation between HFRS incidence and vaccination compliance when the lagged year was 1 and 2 (cross correlation coefficient=−0.51 and −0.55). The periodicity of HFRS epidemic was prolonged from about 5 years during 1976–1988 to 15 years after 1988, especially after the start of HFRS vaccination in 1994. In conclusion, the increase in vaccination compliance may play an important role in HFRS control and prevention in Hu County, China.

Relationship between the incidence of HFRS and changes of land-use in Big Three Gorges area of Chongqing Municipality, China

After the establishment of big reservoirs, the environment along the Yangtze River, China, has changed. The alterations may influence people’s health. This study intended to find out the relationships between the environmental changes and the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Big Three Gorges Area (BTGA) of Chongqing Municipality, China. Landuse thematic maps were applied in the research. The results show that there was a significant relationship between the land-use change in the grass area and the cumulative HFRS incidence (correlation coefficient = − 0.676, P = 0.011). In the BTGA, the land was submerged because water filled in the reservoir, and meanwhile, the government called for returning land for farming to forestry. It is concluded that the changes of environment may influence the incidence of HFRS.

Investigating the effects of climatic variables and reservoir on the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Huludao City, China: a 17-year data analysis based on structure equation model

BackgroundHFRS is a serious public health problem in China and the study on HFRS is important in China for its large population. The present study aimed to explore the impact of climatic variables and reservoir on the incidence of HFRS in Huludao City, an epidemic focus of the disease in northeastern China.MethodsStructure Equation Model (SEM), a statistical technique for testing and estimating causal relationships, was conducted based on climatic variables, virus-carrying index among rodents, and incidence of HFRS in the city during the period 1990 to 2006. The linear structural relationships (LISREL) software (Scientific Software International, Lincolnwood, IL) was used to fit SEMs.ResultsTemperature, precipitation, relative humidity and virus-carrying index among rodents have shown positive correlations with the monthly incidence of HFRS, while air pressure had a negative correlation with the incidence. The best-fit SEM model fitted well with the data-based correlation matrix, P value was more than 0.56, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) equaled to 0, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) was more than 0.99.ConclusionClimate and reservoirs have affected the incidence of HFRS in Huludao City, located in northeastern China. Climate affects HFRS incidence mainly through the effect on reservoir in the study area. HFRS prevention and control should give more consideration to rodent control and climate variations.

Global warming may increase the incidence and geographic range of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Global warming may increase the incidence and geographic range of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

El Niño and Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in China

El Niño and Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in China

An Epidemiologic Study of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Bashkirtostan (Russia) and Sweden

The incidence and antibody prevalence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Bashkirtostan (European part of Russia) and northern Sweden was compared with the abundance of Clethrionomys glareolus (bank voles) in the two areas. In Bashkirtostan, 10% of the women and 15% of the men were found to be antibody positive. The corresponding figures for Sweden were 8% and 16% for women and men, respectively. The annual incidence of HFRS in Bashkirtostan was 50 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a male:female ratio of 4.6:1. The incidence in the endemic area of Sweden was seven cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a male:female ratio of 1.8:1. A similar age distribution of cases, with a peak in the middle age groups, especially in men, was found in both Bashkirtostan and Sweden. The incidence of HFRS in humans and the abundance of bank voles varied with time in both Bashkirtostan and Sweden, but the study failed to find any significant correlation between the two variables. The study showed that HFRS causes significant human morbidity in the areas studied but that both incidence and possibly bank vole abundance was higher in Bashkirtostan than in northern Sweden.

Natural immunity of the population of the Udmurt ASSR to the hemorrhagic fever virus with renal syndrome

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.