Incidence Of Genitourinary Anomalies Research Articles

The role of routine post-natal abdominal ultrasound for newborns in a resource-poor setting: a longitudinal study

Background-Neonatal abdominal ultrasound is usually performed in Nigeria to investigate neonatal symptoms rather than as a follow up to evaluate fetal abnormalities which were detected on prenatal ultrasound. The role of routine obstetric ultrasonography in the monitoring of pregnancy and identification of fetal malformations has partly contributed to lowering of fetal mortality rates. In Nigeria which has a high maternal and fetal mortality rate, many pregnant women do not have ante-natal care and not infrequently, women also deliver their babies at home and only bring the newborns to the clinics for immunization. Even when performed, most routine obstetric scans are not targeted towards the detection of fetal abnormalities.The aim of the present study is to evaluate the benefit of routinely performing abdominal scans on newborns with a view to detecting possible abnormalities which may have been missed ante-natally.Methods-This was a longitudinal study of 202 consecutive, apparently normal newborns. Routine clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound scans were performed on the babies by their mother's bedside, before discharge. Neonates with abnormal initial scans had follow-up scans.Results-There were 108 males and 94 females. There were 12 (5.9%) abnormal scans seen in five male and seven female neonates. Eleven of the twelve abnormalities were in the kidneys, six on the left and five on the right. Three of the four major renal anomalies- absent kidney, ectopic/pelvic kidney and two cases of severe hydronephrosis were however on the left side. There was one suprarenal abnormality on the right suspected to be a possible infected adrenal haemorrage. Nine of the abnormal cases reported for follow- up and of these, two cases had persistent severe abnormalities.Conclusions-This study demonstrated a 5.9% incidence of genito urinary anomalies on routine neonatal abdominal ultrasound in this small population. Routine obstetric USS is very useful but inadequate availability of skilled personnel and cost implications create great challenges in poor resource settings like Nigeria. However, awareness should be created so that parents who can afford such investigations can make informed decisions.

Higher incidence of genitourinary anomalies in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Higher incidence of genitourinary anomalies in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Urologic manifestations of Goldenhar syndrome

Objective Goldenhar syndrome (oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia) is associated with anomalies in multiple organ systems. Renal abnormalities have also been reported with the complex, but the incidence of associated genitourinary malformations has not been defined. Method We have reviewed our experience with 28 children with Goldenhar syndrome evaluated during the past twelve years. Twenty children underwent imaging evaluation of the urinary tract and 14 (70% of those imaged) children had urinary tract anomalies. Results The majority of anomalies presented as an incidental finding on a screening ultrasound (8 patients) or during cardiac catheterization (2 patients). Two children presented with urinary tract infection, 1 child presented with renal failure, and another was diagnosed antenatally. The genitourinary anomalies included the following: ectopic and/or fused kidneys (8 patients), renal agenesis (7), vesicoureteral reflux (5), ureteropelvic junction obstruction (2), ureteral duplication (2), and multicystic kidney (1 patient). Four children have undergone surgical intervention. Conclusion Our experience in children with Goldenhar syndrome suggests that the incidence of genitourinary anomalies is higher than previously reported. A screening ultrasound in the neonatal period allows for early intervention in those children with significant urologic abnormalities.