Incidence Of Fungal Pathogens Research Articles

Evaluación de fertilización orgánica en cafeto (Coffea arabica) con pequeños productores de Santander, Colombia

La agricultura en la actualidad tiene el reto de suplir la demanda existente por alimentos a nivel mundial, como también, proporcionar un desarrollo sostenible para la humanidad. Para el presente trabajo el modelo escogido fue café, generando la hipótesis que al utilizar abonos orgánicos para la fertilización del cultivo, se obtendría igual o mejores resultados que al aplicar la fertilización tradicional de la zona de estudio. Para lo cual se plantearon los siguientes objetivos: Evaluar el efecto del bocashi y lombricompuesto como fertilizantes orgánicos en el desarrollo vegetativo y sanidad del cultivo de cafeto; y determinar la influencia de la temperatura en la elaboración de bocashi. Se trabajó un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (BCA); los tratamientos fueron: bocashi, lombricompuesto y fertilización tradicional orgánica y las variables evaluadas fueron: altura y número de hojas por planta, así como, incidencia de patógenos fungosos. Se escogieron tres fincas ubicadas en diferentes sectores del municipio de Ocamonte-Santander para tener mayor representación de las condiciones agroclimáticas de la región, donde se estableció la variedad Castillo. Se realizó análisis físico-químico de los suelos, para determinar los nutrientes disponibles a las plantas al momento de la siembra, igualmente, se hizo análisis químico a los abonos orgánicos para determinar su influencia sobre las variables evaluadas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron aceptar la hipótesis, y aunque químicamente el bocashi registró mayores valores que el lombricompuesto, este último, indujo mejor respuesta en el desarrollo vegetativo del cafeto.

Epidemiologic surveillance of cutaneous fungal infection in the United States from 1999 to 2002

Background Cutaneous fungal infections are common in the United States, and causative organisms include dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte molds. These organisms are in constant competition for their particular environmental niche, often resulting in the emergence of one or more predominant pathogens and displacement of other less competitive species. Changes in the incidence of fungal pathogens can be followed from laboratory culture results of infected cutaneous tissues over time. These data can be used to ascertain past and present trends in incidence, predict increases in antifungal resistance and the adequacy of our current pharmacologic repertoire, and provide insight into future developments. Objective This study identifies epidemiologic trends and the predominant organisms causing superficial fungal infections in the United States. Methods A total of 15,381 specimens were collected from clinically suspected tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea capitis, tinea faciei, tinea pedis, tinea manuum, and finger and toe onychomycosis from 1999 through 2002. Specimens were submitted to the Center for Medical Mycology in Cleveland, Ohio, for fungal culture and identification, and the incidence of each species was calculated. Results Dermatophytes remain the most commonly isolated fungal organisms except from clinically suspected finger onychomycosis, in which case Candida species comprise >70% of isolates. Trichophyton rubrum remains the most prevalent fungal pathogen, and increased incidence of this species was observed in finger and toe onychomycosis, tinea corporis and tinea cruris, tinea manuum, and tinea pedis. As the causal agent of tinea capitis, T tonsurans continues to increase in incidence, achieving near exclusionary proportions in the United States. Conclusion Consideration of the current epidemiologic trends in the incidence of cutaneous fungal pathogens is of key importance to investigational efforts, diagnosis, and treatment.

Natural Enemies of Cotton Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius in Relation to Host Population and Weather Factors

The nymphal parasitism of whiteny, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius due to Eretmocerus serius , Eretmocerus sp. and an aphelinid reached 27.4 and 40.2 per cent while the predators Brumoides suturalis (F), Verania vincta , Menochilus sexmaculatus, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.), Amblyseiuss pp. were at a level of 10.8 and 17.1 numbers per 10 leaves during January and November respectively. The incidence of fungal pathogens viz. Aspergillus sp., Paecilomyces sp. and Fusarium sp., of whitefly was high during November month by suppressing adults, nymphs and eggs to the extent of 86.6, 19.0 and 39.8 per cent respectively. In line with pest population, the parasites were also Influenced by the rainfall which showed significant negative correlations (r = 0.4275 and 0.3971 respectively). The temperatures also showed a significant correlation with the parasitism, predatory population and mortality due to fungal pathogens.