Incidence Of Excess Weight Research Articles

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and changes in body mass index.

Diet is considered a determinant of weight status, however, more evidence is needed for children. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the healthiest worldwide. This study analyzes the prospective association between adherence to the MedDiet at baseline and changes in standardized body mass index (zBMI) and the incidence of excessive weight. 1389 children participated with a follow-up of 15 months. Weight, height, and adherence to the MedDiet were measured (baseline and follow-up). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a high increase in zBMI was associated with lower odds of eating vegetables once [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.57-0.98)] or more a day [OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.49-0.95)], nuts 2-3 times/week [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.56-0.97)] or 2 cups of yogurt or/and cheese daily [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-0.99)]. Not consuming each food item was used as reference. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a negative (β = -0.010, p = 0.040) association between the MedDiet at baseline and changes in zBMI at follow-up, significance disappeared (p = 0.082) after final adjustment for baseline zBMI. Baseline MedDiet was not significantly associated with the incidence of excessive weight at follow-up. The MedDiet was positively associated with changes in zBMI, however the effect size was small. The present longitudinal study contributes knowledge regarding the adherence to Mediterranean diet as a predictive variable of weight status evolution in children. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline was prospectively and inversely associated with changes in zBMI after 15 months of follow-up. Consuming vegetables, nuts, and yoghurt/cheese according to the recommendations reduces the likelihood of having a high increase in zBMI after 15 months of follow-up.

Optimal solutions for the evolution of a social obesity epidemic model

In this work, a novel modification in the traditional homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is proposed by embedding an auxiliary parameter in the boundary condition. The scheme is used to carry out a mathematical evaluation of the social obesity epidemic model. The incidence of excess weight and obesity in adulthood population and prediction of its behavior in the coming years is analyzed by using a modified algorithm. The proposed method increases the convergence of the approximate analytical solution over the domain of the problem. Furthermore, a convenient way is considered for choosing an optimal value of auxiliary parameters via minimizing the total residual error. The graphical comparison of the obtained results with the standard HPM explicitly reveals the accuracy and efficiency of the developed scheme.

The prevalence of excessive weight in Balearic Islands' young and middle-aged women and its association with social and socioeconomic factors: a ten-year trend (2000-2010).

BackgroundKnowledge about trends in the socioeconomic patterning of overweight and obesity in women provides insights into the nature of the obesity epidemic. Therefore the aim was to assess a ten-year trend (2000–2010) in the prevalence of excessive weight in Balearic Islands’ women and its association with socioeconomic factors.MethodYoung (18–35 year-old) and middle-aged (36–55 year-old) women were selected from two population-based cross-sectional nutritional surveys carried out in the Balearic Islands, Spain. The participation rate was 80 % during 1999–2000 and 92.5 % during 2009–2010. Measured weight and height was obtained, and body mass index (kg/m2) was classified as follows: overweight (25.0 < 30), obese (≥30) and excessive weight (≥25). In both surveys, a general questionnaire including questions relating to socioeconomic status factors was used. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of excessive weight with socioeconomic variables and to test the interaction between the survey period and the socioeconomic factors.ResultsOverall, while the prevalence of obesity mainly remained stable over the study period, the prevalence of overweight increased from 21.0 to 24.8 %. Young women showed an increased prevalence of overweight and excessive weight, from 14.1 to 20.9 % and from 20.9 to 28.6 %, respectively. Significant differences were not found in middle-aged women. Over the whole period, the incidence of excessive weight was higher among middle-aged and foreign women, but lower in women with a high educational profile and in employment. The prevalence of excessive weight in young women was also around 2.5 times higher in women who were living with at least one child at home. The tendency towards excessive weight in employed women decreased significantly between 2000 and 2010 in the younger age group (OR: 0.42; 95 % CI: 0.22–0.82).ConclusionsNo significant increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity was observed in middle-aged women, with a low level of education being the single socioeconomic variable associated with excessive weight in this target group. Overweight/obesity increased in young women with unemployment being the distinguishing socioeconomic factor associated with this increase.

Excess weight in preschoolers: prevalence and associated factors

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence and factors associated with excess weight in children enrolled in public schools in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC). MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, carried out with children aged 4 to 6 years. The studied outcome was excess weight, defined by z-score > two standard deviations for body mass index (BMI)/age, compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) reference population of 2006/2007. Anthropometric measurements of body mass and height were measured in duplicate using standard techniques, in accordance with the WHO. Data were double entered using EPI-INFO software, release 6.04. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, as well as mean values and standard deviations. Associations between excess weight and other variables were assessed by using Poisson model with robust variance. STATA software release 12.0 was used (p<0.05). ResultsA total of 4,914 children were evaluated (2,578 in RS and 2,336 in SC). In RS, the incidence of excess weight was 14.4% (95% CI=13.1% to 15.8%) and in SC, 7.5% (95% CI=6.5% to 8.7%). The variables associated with excess weight were number of household members, maternal education, marital status, number of children, mother's age at birth of first child, gestational age, and birth weight. ConclusionChildren enrolled in public preschools in RS had a two-fold higher excess weight prevalence than that identified in SC, demonstrating a significant difference in the magnitude of childhood obesity in two Brazilian states located in the same region.

Excess weight in preschoolers: Prevalence and associated factors

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence and factors associated with excess weight in children enrolled in public schools in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC). MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, carried out with children aged 4 to 6 years. The studied outcome was excess weight, defined by z-score > two standard deviations for body mass index (BMI)/age, compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) reference population of 2006/2007. Anthropometric measurements of body mass and height were measured in duplicate using standard techniques, in accordance with the WHO. Data were double entered using EPI-INFO software, release 6.04. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, as well as mean values and standard deviations. Associations between excess weight and other variables were assessed by using Poisson model with robust variance. STATA software release 12.0 was used (p < 0.05). ResultsA total of 4,914 children were evaluated (2,578 in RS and 2,336 in SC). In RS, the incidence of excess weight was 14.4% (95% CI = 13.1% to 15.8%) and in SC, 7.5% (95% CI = 6.5% to 8.7%). The variables associated with excess weight were number of household members, maternal education, marital status, number of children, mother's age at birth of first child, gestational age, and birth weight. ConclusionChildren enrolled in public preschools in RS had a two-fold higher excess weight prevalence than that identified in SC, demonstrating a significant difference in the magnitude of childhood obesity in two Brazilian states located in the same region.

Overweight, obesity and weight gain up to three years after liver transplantation.

Previous studies have shown that weight gain commonly occurs after liver transplantation (LTx). Few risk factors have been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the weight changes and incidence excessive weight up to 3 years after surgery. Post-LTx patients were assessed for their weight changes and incidence of excessive weight before liver disease; on the first outpatient appointment after LTx; 3 and 6 mo after LTx; 1; 2 and 3y after LTx. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical variables were collected to assess risk factors for weight gain, overweight and obesity using linear and logistic regression analysis. Eighty patients undergoing LTx between 1997/2006 were assessed. Patients lost an average of 9.1 kg during liver disease. This weight was recovered within 1 year after surgery; after 3 years, patients had gained an average of 11.6 kg. The incidence of excessive weight increased over the years, and 56.4% of patients were overweight in the 3 years after LTx; most of them were obese (30.0%). Risk factors for weight gain on the third year after LTx were greater BMI before liver disease (p < 0.01); former smoker (p < 0.01); family history of overweight (p = 0.04); being hosewife/unemployed/retired (p = 0.08); alcoholic indication for LTx (p = 0.02). Risk factors for incidence of excessive weight on the third year after LTx were being married (RR: 13.13; CI: 1.33-125.0); being former smoker (RR: 4.68; CI: 1.16-18.85); greater age at LTx (RR: 1.1; CI: 1.02-1.20). Post-LTx patients experienced weight gain after surgery, mainly during the 1 year after operation and increased progressive incidence up to 3 years, due to different risk factors, some of them can be prevented.

Mathematical modelling of social obesity epidemic in the region of Valencia, Spain

In this article, we analyse the incidence of excess weight in 24- to 65-year-old residents in the region of Valencia, Spain, and predict its behaviour in the coming years. In addition, we present some possible strategies to prevent the spread of the obesity epidemic. We use classical logistic regression analysis to find out that a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy nutritional habits are the most important causes of obesity in the 24- to 65-year-old population in Valencia. We propose a new mathematical model of epidemiological type to predict the incidence of excess weight in this population in the coming years. Based on the mathematical model sensitivity analysis, some possible general strategies to reverse the increasing trend of obesity are suggested. The obese population in the region of Valencia is increasing (11.6% in 2000 and 13.48% in 2005) and the future is worrisome. Our model predicts that 15.52% of the population in Valencia will be obese by 2011. Model sensitivity analysis suggests that obesity prevention strategies (healthy advertising campaigns) are more effective than obesity treatment strategies (physical activity) involving the obese and overweight subpopulation in controlling the increase of adulthood obesity in the region of Valencia.