Incidence Of Endocrine Diseases Research Articles

Role of microelements in the development of endocrine pathology

Due to the continual increase in the incidence of endocrine diseases in the world, their prevention and treatment have become topical. Diseases of the endocrine system are often accompanied by the development of comorbidities and complications, which negatively affect the quality of life and survival of patients. Currently, research is focused on the status of trace elements in patients with various diseases. Numerous current studies are devoted to investigating the influence of the balance of trace elements on the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and some thyroid diseases, including autoimmune ones. The role of iodine, selenium, iron, zinc, and copper in the development and progression of these diseases has been established, but the findings of these studies are sometimes contradictory.
 This review focuses on national and foreign studies on the role of trace elements in the development of endocrine pathology, and gives a brief description of the most significant mineral substances, as well as the effect of their imbalance on the structure and function of the organs of the endocrine system. This review recommends further studies on this issue incorporating concomitant diseases, as well as the mutual influences of mineral substances on each other, which can lead to a change in the concentration of trace elements in the body.

Features of the Hospitalized Incidence and Prevalence of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrine Disorders in the Orenburg Region

Background: The incidence of endocrine diseases, eating and metabolic disorders has been increasing recently. The prevalence and structure of pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders are significantly different from those in adults and have specific regional features. Objective: To study the frequency, structure, and long-term changes in the rates of hospitalization of the child population for diseases of the endocrine system in the Orenburg Region and to assess local features of disease incidence and prevalence. Materials and methods: We analyzed data on all pediatric cases (aged 0–18) of hospital care for endocrine disorders provided by the regional office of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund for 2016–2020. We also applied the Ward’s hierarchical clustering method to establish local peculiarities and to group municipalities by the rates and dynamics of endocrine diseases in children. Results: The average rate of hospitalization for endocrine disorders was 3.8 cases per 1,000 children and accounted for almost 3.9 % of all types of hospital care. The proportion of inpatients among children aged 0 to 14 years was higher than that among adolescents. Metabolic disorders (34.0 %), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (22.3 %), hypofunction and other pituitary disorders (12.6 %), obesity and other types of overnutrition (7.1 %), and undernutrition (5.7 %) prevailed in all hospitalized children. The patterns of pediatric and adolescent inpatients differed significantly. The analysis of the prevalence of endocrine disorders in children and its long-term changes enabled clustering of the territories of the Orenburg Region.Conclusions: Three distinct clusters of territories were established in the analysis of local rates of endocrine diseases in children. The first cluster was characterized by moderate disease rates, while the second and the third clusters demonstrated high and low incidence and prevalence rates of pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders.

Comparative characteristics of children’s morbidity rates for diseases etiologically related to the food factor

Child health indicators in Russia indicate a negative trend for more than three decades. The formation of children’s health is determined by environmental factors, the level of development of the education system, a complex of socio-economic factors, and lifestyle. The study conducted a retrospective assessment of the incidence of children and adolescents with diseases etiologically related to the food factor in the Russian Federation as a whole and the subjects where cadet corps are located. Analysis of official data of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2019 on the total incidence of food-related factors indicates an increase in the incidence of endocrine diseases, diabetes, and obesity in children aged 0–14 years. Children aged 15–17 years showed an increase in the average long-term indicator for diseases of the endocrine system, thyroid diseases, diabetes, obesity, and anemia. Ranking of subjects of the Volga Federal district based on the average long-term data of morbidity indicators, etiologically related to the food factor, made it possible to identify risk areas. According to the results of ranking 1 rank place was taken by the Republic of Tatarstan, the second — Bashkortostan, third place — the Chuvash Republic, fourth place — Perm Krai, fifth place — Udmurt Republic, sixth place — Nizhny Novgorod oblast. According to these diseases, the negative dynamics remains. In General, on the territory of the Volga Federal district, the incidence of children and adolescents corresponds to all-Russian trends, however, the situation is much worse for a number of diseases that are etiologically related to the food factor, namely, diseases of the endocrine system and obesity.

Integral genotype structure, individual radiosensitivity and health status of personnel chronically exposed to gamma and neutron irradiation

Preliminary data on the effects of genotype and individual radiosensitivity on health status of the group of nuclear reactors' workers from Russian Federal Nuclear Center (RFNC-VNIIEF), Sarov, chronically exposed to gamma and neutron irradiation, are presented. Within this cohort of 75 men, 10 polymorphic loci were typed and the frequency of micronuclei was analysed. The analysis of blood samples irradiated ex-vivo did not reveal significant correlation between the occupational dose and MN induction, therefore indicating the lack of adaptation (hormesis) or increased radiosensitivity within this cohort. The analysis of association between genotypes and morbidity revealed: (1) higher incidence of endocrine diseases among homozygotes EsD 2-2 and Gc 1-1; (2) elevated frequency of urological disorders among homozygotes Gc 1-1; (3) elevated incidence of benign (non-malignant) tumors among homozygotes Gc 2-2 and also GLO 2-2, EsD 1-2 or 2-2, showing differences in the frequencies of spontaneous and radiation-induced MN; (4) elevated incidence of cardio-vascular diseases among homozygotes ACP 1-1 and EsD 1-2 or 2-2, also mediated by the differences in MN frequency. The contribution of genotype and individual radiosensitivity (MN test) to the health status of occupationally exposed individuals will be discussed.

Video-assisted endoscopic endocrine neck surgery with a benefit of cosmesis: a new technique using a totally gasless anterior neck skin lifting method.

The incidence of endocrine diseases in the neck is markedly higher in women than in men, and operations for these diseases sometimes result in a conspicuous scar on the anterior neck that is normally an exposed area when open-neck clothing is worn. Therefore, a surgical technique with consideration to the cosmetic viewpoint has been desirable. By widely generalizing endoscopic surgery, endoscopic thyroid and parathyroid surgery has developed and has been increasingly refined in recent years. We originally developed video-assisted neck surgery using an anterior neck skin lifting method(termed the VANS method)for thyroid and parathyroid tumors in March, 1998 and have experienced more than 150 cases. In thyroid tumors, the surgical indication is a strictly defined benign single nodule measuring less than 6 cm in diameter that is located in the hemi lobe while micropapillary carcinoma measuring less than 1 cm in diameter with no regional lymph node swelling. In parathyroid tumors, the VANS method is indicated for a tumor that is preoperatively made an accurate localization. According to a questionnaire, a hundred percent of the patients who underwent the VANS method expressed cosmetic satisfaction. The VANS method is believed to be feasible, safe, and practical with cosmetic benefits.

Incidence of endocrine disease among residents of New York areas of concern.

There are six Areas of Concern, as identified by the International Joint Commission, located in New York State. Three are contiguous in western New York and have similar contaminants (Buffalo River, Niagara River, and 18 Mile Creek). We used the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database, which records diagnoses according to the (italic)International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision(/italic) codes for all patients admitted to state-regulated hospital facilities, to compare incidence of selected diseases reported in hospitalized patients who reside in ZIP codes that are within 15 miles of any of these sites to those of residents of three different control populations: all residents of the rest of New York State (including New York City), all residents of ZIP codes outside New York City that do not contain any site identified as a federal or state Superfund site, and all residents of ZIP codes outside New York City that contain a federal or state Superfund site that does not have one or more persistent organic pollutants listed as a major contaminant. We found a significant elevation of disorders of the thyroid gland in women, but not in men, of all ages greater than 25 years on all three comparisons, as well as an increased incidence of morbidity from diseases of the female genital tract in women between age 25 to greater than 75 years for all comparison groups. There was also a significant elevation in incidence of endometriosis in women 25-44 years of age. All these elevations were significant at the 99% confidence level. Incidence of diseases of ovaries and testes and female infertility were not different from those in the rest of New York State. Although many factors influence incidence of thyroid and genital diseases, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to environmental contaminants through residence near polluted sites may be a factor.

Incidence of Endocrine Disease among Residents of New York Areas of Concern

Incidence of Endocrine Disease among Residents of New York Areas of Concern