Incidence Of Diarrhea In Children Research Articles

Association Between Household Deprivation and Living in Informal Settlements and Incidence of Diarrhea in Children Under 5 in Eleven Latin American Cities.

Diarrhea is a leading cause of death in children globally, mostly due to inadequate sanitary conditions and overcrowding. Poor housing quality and lack of tenure security that characterize informal settlements are key underlying contributors to these risk factors for childhood diarrhea deaths. The objective of this study is to better understand the physical attributes of informal settlement households in Latin American cities that are associated with childhood diarrhea. We used data from a household survey (Encuesta CAF) conducted by the Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF), using responses from sampled individuals in eleven cities. We created a household deprivation score based on household water and sewage infrastructure, overcrowding, flooring and wall material, and security of tenure. We fitted a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to test the association between the deprivation score and its individual components and childhood diarrhea during the prior 2weeks. We included a total of 4732 households with children, out of which 12.2% had diarrhea in the 2-week period prior to completing the survey. After adjusting for respondent age, gender, and city, we found a higher risk of diarrhea associated with higher household deprivation scores. Specifically, we found that the odds of diarrhea for children living in a mild and severe deprived household were 1.04 (95% CI 0.84-1.28) and 3.19 times (95% CI 1.80-5.63) higher, respectively, in comparison to households with no deprivation. These results highlight the connections between childhood health and deprived living conditions common in informal settlements.

Analisis Faktor Risiko Kesehatan Ligkungan Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanon 1 Kabupaten Sragen Tahun 2015-2020

Diarrhea disease is ranked second as the most common cause of death in children under five, both preventable and treatable. Diarrhea in the children under five group is the most vulnerable group and can result in death if not treated seriously. The highest incidence of diarrhea cases occurs in the first two years of life and will decrease as the child gets older. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of diarrhea in toddlers in the working area of the Tanon 1 Public Health Center, Sragen Regency in 2015-2020. This type of research is analytic by design cross sectional. Secondary data in this study arecase children under five diarrhea, environmental sanitation factors, food sanitation factors and social economic factors. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate with the chi square test α = 0.05. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between latrine management in 2015 (p-value=0.001) in 2016 (p-value=0.007) in 2017 (p-value= 0.032), there is a relationship between waste management (p-value=0,048) and cleanliness of food equipment in 2016 (p-value= 0.021), there is a relationship with clean water sources (p-value=0.049) and food management in 2017 (p-value= 0.003), there is a relationship with the condition of the floor of the house in 2019 (p-value= 0.49) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five at the Tanon 1 Public Health Center, Sragen Regency.

Analysis of Social Demography, Behavioral Hygiene, Breast Milk, And Nutritional Status in Children with Diarrhea in Surabaya City

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of social demographics, personal hygiene, breastfeeding, and nutritional status on the incidence of diarrhea among children. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing and improving the quality of health services, particularly in reducing child mortality rates associated with diarrhea. Methods: The research employed an explanatory survey research design, aimed at exploring new insights, identifying relationships between phenomena, and understanding the reasons behind certain events. Approval for data collection was obtained from the Candel Surabaya's ethics committee. Data were gathered from the Wonokromo sub-district in Surabaya in June 2023, with a sample size ranging from 300 to 400, selected through purposive sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to mothers attending Posyandu in Wonokromo village, and data were analyzed univariately using logistic regression. Results and Discussion: Statistical analysis revealed several significant findings. Ethnicity and the number of children were found to have no significant effect on the incidence of diarrhea (p-value = 0.322 and p-value = 0.930, respectively). However, factors such as mother's age (p-value = 0.021), education (p-value = 0.000), employment (p-value = 0.000), income (p-value = 0.000), child's age (p-value = 0.000), gender (p-value = 0.019), personal hygiene (p-value = 0.000), breastfeeding (p-value = 0.000), and nutritional status (p-value = 0.000) were significantly associated with the incidence of diarrhea. These results suggest that social demographics and personal hygiene, breastfeeding, and nutritional status play significant roles in influencing diarrhea occurrence among children. Implications of the Research: The findings of this study carry important implications for public health interventions. It underscores the necessity of promoting healthy lifestyle practices among parents, particularly mothers, to mitigate the incidence of diarrhea in children. Improving education, employment opportunities, income levels, and access to healthcare services can contribute to better health outcomes for children. Additionally, emphasizing the importance of personal hygiene, breastfeeding, and maintaining adequate nutritional status can significantly reduce the risk of diarrhea. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the specific factors that influence the incidence of diarrhea among children in a particular setting. By elucidating the significance of social demographics and various health-related practices, this study provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and community stakeholders to develop targeted interventions aimed at reducing child morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea.

Hubungan Perilaku Mencuci Tangan Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Anak Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Cirimekar Tahun 2023

Diarrhea is a condition where there is increased defecation due to an infection. Children can be said to have diarrhea if the volume of stool is measured at 10ml/kg per day. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2020, the benefit of washing hands is to keep hands clean, not only as an effective defense against the spread of infections and serious diseases. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between hand washing and the incidence of diarrhea in children in Cibinong District. This type of research is quantitative research. The research design used is correlational research with a controlling approach. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The number of samples in this research is 30 medical records of children suffering from diarrhea at the Cirimekar Community Health Center. In this research, the Chi-Square statistical test is used. . The results show that the relationship between hand washing behavior and the incidence of diarrhea shows that the P-Value is 0.001 <0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between hand washing behavior and the incidence of diarrhea in children in the Cirimekar Health Center Working Area. The conclusion of this research is that there is a relationship between hand washing behavior and the incidence of diarrhea in children in the Cirimekar Health Center Working Area in 2023.

The Influence Of Giving Education About Diarrhea On Mother Level Of Knowledge In Diarrhea Prevention In Children

Diarrhea was a major disease killer in the age group of children. Diarrhea is transmitted by 4 factors, namely food (food), feces (feces), flies (air), and fingers (hands). Therefore, it was necessary to pay attention to the pattern of children's daily activities so that they do not endanger the child's health. Mothers play an important role in protecting and saving children from diarrhea armed with a good level of knowledge. Research Objectives: To determine the effect of providing education about diarrhea on the level of knowledge of mothers in preventing diarrhea in children. Methods: Quasy experimental design with one group pre-test post-test. The research sample was 60 respondents with a consecutive sampling technique. The instruments in the study were questionnaires and counseling programs regarding diarrhea. Statistical data analysis using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test analysis.
 The results of the mother's knowledge level in the pre-test category were enough for 27 respondents (45%) and the mother's level of knowledge
 most of the post-test in the good category as many as 47 respondents (78.3%), statistical test results show p-value
 0.000 < α 0.05, it means that there is a significant influence between the provision of education about diarrhea on the level of knowledge of mothers in preventing diarrhea in children.
 live clean and healthy. Providing education about clean and healthy lifestyles and the understanding of diarrhea can be given to nurse mothers using both the lecture method and educational videos in reducing the incidence of diarrhea in children.

Hubungan Antara Usia Balita, Pemberian ASI dan Daerah Tempat Tinggal dengan Kejadian Diare pada Balita di Indonesia

Diarrhea is a condition of defecation with a watery consistency and a frequency of more than three times per day. The prevalence of diarrhea among toddlers in Indonesia reached 11% based on the 2018 Riskesdas data. Diarrhea can be caused by several factors, including internal and external factors. Internal factors that contribute to diarrhea include the age of the toddler and breastfeeding practices. External factors that can cause diarrhea stem from environmental factors including socioeconomic factors. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the age of toddlers, breastfeeding practices, and geographical location with the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers in Indonesia. This study was a secondary data with a cross sectional design. The study sample consist of the entire population of women of reproductive age (WRA) who toddlers within the last five years prior to the 2017 IDHS, amounting to 17,848 respondents. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the age of toddlers (p=0.042), breastfeeding practices (p=0.000), and geographical location (p 0.000) with the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers in Indonesia. The frequency of diarrhea incidence among toddlers born within the last five years prior tothe 2017 IDHS was 14.2%. Based on the child factor, the percentage of diarrhea incidence in children under five years old is most prevalent in the 12-59 month old group (14.5%). The incidence of diarrhea in children under five is also influenced by the length of breastfeeding, the length of breastfeeding in children under five for 6-24 months (15.1%) and rural residence (15.4%).The occurrence of diarrhea among toddlers is also influenced by the duration of breastfeeding, particularly breastfeeding for 6-24 months (15.1%). In conclusion, the age of toddlers, breastfeeding practices, and geographical location have a significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers.

Factors Related to the Incidence of Diarrhea in Children Aged 1-3 Years in the Working Area of the Gunung Labu Puskesmas, Kerinci District

Diarrhea is Reason death biggest third on toddlers in the world after pneumoniae and disease default . Death rate caused toddlers _ Because diarrhea reached 1.5 million per year . Incident the biggest happened at 2 years First life and decline along with growth children ( Ministry of Health RI, 2017) . Many factors are related with incident diarrhea in toddlers 1-3- years . Research This aim For know related factors _ with incident diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-3- years in the health center Mount Labu, Kayu Aro Barat District , 2022. Type study is study qualitative with approach cross sectional . Data collection has done on the month February 2023 - March 2023 . Population in research This as much 262 people and samples numbered 70 people, engineering taking sample with formula Lemeshow . Data analyzed in a manner univariate with distribution frequency on each one variables and analysis bivariate with using the chi-square test . Statistical test results showing there is connection level knowledge ( p value=0.000), nutritional status ( p value=0.000 ), age wedding early ( p value = 0.000) then can taken conclusion that there is connection level knowledge, status nutrition , age wedding early with incident diarrhea in toddlers aged 1-3 years in the health center Mount Labu, Kayu Aro Barat District , 2022. Recommended to officer health For give counseling health and facilitation Mother in get iformation about disease diarrhea.

The Relationship Between Self-Care By Parents Based On Nursing Assessment According To Dorothea Orem With The Incidence Of Diarrhea In Children Under Five Years Old In The Working Area Of Landono Health Center South Konawe District

Data from Community Health Center Landono shows that the number of diarrhea cases in under fives shows increase and tends to be higher by 2016 by 44.7%, by 2017 by 46.3% and by 2018 from January to April by 43.4%. The purpose of the study to determine the relationship of self-care by parents of theoretical review Dorothea Orem Universal Self Care, Development Self Care and Health Deviation Self Care with Diarrhea Occurrence in ToddlersThis research method is quantitative with Case Control design. Population of all mothers with children under five in the Working Area of Puskesmas Landono of South Konawe Regency, April 2018 period, amounting to 161 people. Samples were taken using Simple Random Sampling technique amounted to 62. Analysis of Chi-Square test, Odds Ratio and contingency coefficient.The results of the study were strongly correlated between the Universal Self Care assessment and Diarrhea Evaluation in Infants under x2count> X2table (13,547> 3,841); p <α (0,000 <0.05); = 0.4674 OR = 10,688 CI 95% (2,987-38,237), there is a strong correlation between Development Self Care assessment with Diarrhea occurrence in Toddler 10,185> 3,841; p <α (0,000 <0,05 ); = 0.4861; OR = 10,185 CI 95% (3,126-33,188) and there is a strong correlation between Health Deviation Self Care with Diarrhea Evaluation in Toddler 16,585> 3,841; p <α (0,000 <0,05); = 0.5172; OR = 11.979 CI 95% lower limit-upper limit (3,606- 39,791).Conclusion the better the self-care needs assessment conducted by the mother tends to her child does not suffer from diarrhea.Suggestions for health workers need to be socialized through counseling about prevention of diarrhea through nursing assessment on underfives suffering from diarrhea.

Risk Factors Affecting the Incidence of Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years Old in the Working Area of Tarus Public Health Center, Kupang District, in 2022

Diarrhea is a disorder of defecation characterized by defecation more than 3 times a day with the consistency of liquid stool, may be accompanied by blood. Until September 2022 Puskesmas Tarus had the highest incidence of diarrhea compared to other health centers with 126 cases of diarrhea in toddlers. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of diarrheal disease in children under five years of age in the working area of Puskesmas Tarus, Kupang Regency. This study was an analytic observational study using a case control study research design. This study was conducted in the working area of Puskesmas Tarus Kupang Regency in February-March 2023. The results showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge (p=0.000; OR=3,974), maternal attitude (p=0.000; OR=4,594), hand washing behavior (p=0.000; OR=4,421), exclusive breastfeeding history (p=0.001; OR=3,632) and maternal education (p=0.023; OR=2,400) with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. There is no significant relationship between maternal employment status and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p=0,114; OR=0,489). Conclusion, that the variables of maternal knowledge, maternal attitude. hand washing behavior, exclusive breastfeeding history and maternal education have a significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, and the variable maternal employment status has no significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the working area of Puskesmas Tarus, Kupang Regency.

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU IBU TENTANG KESEHATAN YANG TERENCANA (HEALTH PLANNED BEHAVIOR) DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA ANAK BALITA

Diarrhea a disease characterized by changes in the form and consistency of stools that are soft to liquefied and an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, usually more than 3-4 times or more a day which may be accompanied by vomiting or bowel movements mixed with blood. planned behavior or the theory of planned behavior based on the assumption that humans are rational beings and use the information that is possible for them in a systematic way. Objective: To analyze the relationship between mother's behavior regarding planned health (Health Planned Behavior) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. Methods: The study design used an observational study with a retrospective approach design conducted on 94 respondents. The data collection technique used purposive sampling for 94 respondents and data collection using a questionnaire was then tested using SPSS with the Lambda test type. The results of data analysis using the lambda test obtained p value = (0.000) < (0.05) so that H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between mother's behavior regarding planned health (health planned behavior) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five, the value of r = 0.988 proves that there is a relationship What is strong, the behavior of mothers who are in the less category can cause diarrhea in children under five. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the mother's behavior regarding planned health and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five.

A Case Control Study on the Determinants of Behavior towards Diarrhea in Children under Five Years Old

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge of diarrhea, hand washing behavior, toilet use behavior and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old.
 Study Design: A case control study.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in October 2022 at area of the Johan Pahlawan Community Health Center, Aceh Barat District, Aceh Province-Indonesia.
 Methodology: The sample size was 92, with 46 cases and 46 controls. The subjects of the case and control groups are mothers with children under five years old. SPSS version 20 was utilized to conduct statistical analysis on both univariate and bivariate data, with the chi-square test being employed to address the hypothesis.
 Results: The results showed that both the case and control groups had more children aged ≤2 years. Mothers in the case group were found to have a higher proportion with poor knowledge level (66.2%), poor hand washing behavior (54.3%), and poor toilet use behavior (67.4%) compared to the mothers in the control group. Statistical tests proved that there was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge (p=0.022), hand washing behavior (p=0.020), and toilet use behavior (p=0.001) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old.
 Conclusion: Efforts are needed to improve the knowledge and skills of mothers in preventing and managing diarrhea through education by health professionals.

The Main Factors Causing the Incidence of Diarrhea in Children: A Meta-Analysis

Environmental factors that cause diarrhea are still under-researched, so researchers are interested analyze the risk factors for the availability of clean water, hand washing, mother's knowledge and the latrine conditions that affect the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. The meta-analysis method was used in this study with the PICOS technique. Some of the data sources used are Google Scholar, Research Gate and Plos ONE by looking at keywords such as "risk factors" and "diarrhea". 140 articles were obtained, and the articles obtained were then screened and sorted again using clear inclusion criteria. Using cross-sectional study design to filter the articles to the next stage. To process the meta-analysis data, the JASP Version 0.16.3.0 application was used. the findings show that the pooled PR value for the availability of clean water is e 0.82 = 2.270; hand washing of e 0.57 = 1.768; mother's knowledge of e 0.56 = 1.751; and latrine conditions of e 0.53 = 1.699. The results of the study also showed that there was a risk relationship between the variables Availability of clean water, hand washing, mother's knowledge, and latrine conditions on the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. The variable availability of clean water is the variable that has the highest relationship and risk for the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers, followed by the hand washing, the mother's knowledge and the lowest is the latrine condition variable. Future research is expected to examine the in-depth relationship between the availability of clean water and hand washing by looking at the intermediary factors.

SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS IN INDONESIA

Introduction : The child mortality rate in the world was still relatively high, which diarrhea was one of the main causes. In Indonesia, the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years was still quite high. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the diarrhea in toddlers. Methods : This study used secondary data taken from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey dataset. The sample of this study was 13,830 mothers aged 15-49 years. The criteria inclusions were a mother who were completely interviewed, had children less than 5 years, last child and lived together, and was still alive. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions. Results and Discussion : The results showed that there were 14.7% of mothers whose children were less than 5 years old experienced diarrhea recently. Husbands/partners with middle education had 17% higher odds of their children having diarrhea compared to husbands/partners with higher education (AOR=1.17 ; 95%Cl=1.02–1.33 ; p=0.024). Toddlers with very poor (AOR=1.39 ; 95%Cl=1.12–1.73 ; p=0.003), poor (AOR=1.36 ; 95%Cl=1.11–11.67; p=0.004), and rich (AOR=1.24 ; 95%CI=1,01–1.52 ; p=0.039) socioeconomic had 39%, 36%, 24% higher odds for their children to have diarrhea when compared to toddlers with very rich family backgrounds. Conclusion : The husband's/partners with lower education and lower socioeconomic status had higher risk for their children to experience diarrhea. Therefore, improving the welfare and economy of the community as well as improving the quality of education and public knowledge, especially regarding children's health, is urgently needed in efforts to prevent and reduce the diarrhea.

PEMBERIAN EDUKASI KESEHATAN TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DIARE PADA BALITA

Diarrhea is still the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. Less than 80% of diarrhea-related deaths occur in the first 2 years of life. In Indonesia, the morbidity and mortality rates are still high. Recurrent diarrhea in children can cause nutritional deficiencies, dehydration and cause death. The high incidence of diarrhea in children is caused by many factors, including poor sanitation, poor hygiene facilities, poor personal hygiene, such as not washing hands before, after eating and after defecating. Diarrhea in toddlers occurs because of the problem of lack of family knowledge and lack of health or cultural information. Hand washing and proper feeding is one of the efforts to prevent and risk the transmission of diarrheal diseases. The community service program carried out aims to increase public knowledge and understanding about diarrhea and its prevention efforts through hand washing. Knowledge about the prevention and management of diarrhea is important for parents to control the incidence of diarrhea in children. The method of implementation is through outreach activities to the community, especially mothers of children under five about diarrheal disease and some of its prevention efforts. Health promotion is one way to increase knowledge to prevent diarrhea and to help prevent diarrhea from causing complications or death. This activity involves mothers who have toddlers in the Dasan Kolo neighborhood. With 30 participants. The results of the activity showed that there was an increase in participants' knowledge about how to prevent diarrhea in toddlers.

Joint effect of water and sanitation practices on childhood diarrhoea in sub-Saharan Africa.

Diarrhoea remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality of children under five years in Africa. Several studies have shown that inadequate and unsafe water, lack of sanitation, and poor hygiene practices are complex issues for different pathogens and accountable for the occurrence of diarrhoea diseases. We assessed the combined effect of household's source of drinking water and type of toilet facility and residential wellbeing on the incidence of childhood diarrhoea in 33 Sub-Saharan Africa countries while accounting for relevant compositional and contextual factors. The 2010-2019 datasets from the Demographic and Health Surveys were drawn for analyses. The outcome variable used in this study was the incidence of childhood diarrhoea. Three negative log-log generalized linear regression models were then sequentially fitted to the data to examine the joint effect of household water and sanitation practices on child diarrhoea. The results were presented using crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Using ArcGIS software, maps were design to unveil the spatial distribution of key variables. Approximately 16% of the 307,741 mothers interviewed reported an incidence of diarrhoea disease among children under-five years in their households. The results showed that a household depending on an unimproved source of drinking water and with an unimproved type of toilet facility was not significantly associated with childhood diarrhoea. However, those with improved drinking water but an unimproved type of toilet facility had higher odds of reporting childhood diarrhoea (AOR = 1.020, 95% CI = 1.003-1-036) compared to those in households with both improved source of drinking water and type of toilet facility. Across the geographical regions, Eastern (aOR = 1.102, 95% CI = 1.084-1.120) and Central Africa (aOR = 1.102, 95% CI = 1.083-1.121) were more likely to experience child diarrhoea. Water and sanitation practices such as the source of drinking water and toilet facility, and geographic region had significant effects on childhood diarrhoea in sub-Saharan Africax. The findings suggest the need for multi-sectoral actions that recognise the geo-spatial and temporal characteristics identified in the study through regional to national policies. Water and sanitation community-based interventions that seek to improve equitable access to safe water and sanitation in the sub-region should be intensified.

The relationship of mother’s feeding practices and the frequency of diarrhoea in under-five children

To determine the relationship between a mother's feeding practice and the incidence of diarrhoea in children aged <5. The quantitative, descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2021, in Tropodo village, Waru district, Sidoarjo, Indonesia, and comprised mothers having children who were aged <5 years. Mother's feeding practice was the independent variable, while the dependent variable was the incidence of diarrhoea in children. Data was collected using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire and the relevant portions of the Demographic and Health Survey questionnaire. Data was analysed using Spearman Rho test. Of the 217 mothers, 110(50.7%) were aged 30-40 years, and of the 217 children, 96(44.2%) were aged 1 year. There were 124(57.1%) girls and 93(42.9%) boys among the children. There was a significant relationship between mother's feeding practice and the incidence of diarrhoea in children <5 (p=0.004; r=0.194). Inappropriate maternal feeding practices were found to have the potential to cause diarrhoea in children aged <5.

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT (PHBS) DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA ANAK USIA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PUTRI AYU KOTA JAMBI

Diarrhea disease often affects infants and toddlers one of the most commonly studied risk factors are environmental factors that include clean water (SAB), environmental sanitation, jamban, and home conditions. This research aims to know the relationship of the behavior of clean and healthy life (PHBS) with the incidence of diarrhea in children of toddlers in the working area of Putri Ayu City Jambi in 2020. This research is a quantitative study with a cross centional approach. The population in this research is all mothers who have children in the workplace of the health center of Putri Ayu Jambi with a population of 655 people. The samples in this study were as many as 40 people with simple random sampling techniques. Univariate and bivariate data analysis. The results showed that from 40 respondents, as many as 24 respondents (60%) Diarrhea, giving the ASI exclusively as many as 23 respondents (57.5%), use of clean water is not eligible as much as 24 respondents (60%), do not wash with soap with 21 respondents (52.5%) and qualified for 22 respondents (55%). There is an exclusive breast-feeding relationship (P = 0,002) and soap-wearing handwash (P = 0,002) with the incidence of diarrhea with P value of &lt; 0.05. There is no net use of water (P = 0,056) and the use of healthy latrines (P = 0,080) with the incidence of diarrhea with P value &gt; 0.05.

Relationship between Environmental Sanitation and Incidence of Diarrhea among Children Under Five in Alak Health Center, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

Background: Diarrhea is an occurrence of mushy to liquid bowel movements, with a frequency of 3 times or more in a day. Diarrhea is influenced by several factors that directly or indirectly include agent, host, and environmental factors. Environmental sanitation factors are the most dominant factors causing diarrhea, namely drinking water sources, latrine conditions, garbage disposal conditions, and waste drain conditions. Alak Community Health Center is one of the community health centers with the highest cases of diarrhea with a total of 557 cases in 2018, 428 cases in 2019, and 296 cases in 2020. This study aims to determine the correlation between environmental sanitation and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in the working area of the Alak Community Health Center, Kupang City. Subjects and Method: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design conducted in the working area of the Alak community health center, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara in November-December 2022. A total of 93 children under five were selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. The independent variables were raw water sources, latrine conditions, garbage disposal conditions, and wastewater disposal conditions. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using chi-square tests. Results: There was a significant association between raw water sources (p&lt; 0.001), latrine conditions (p&lt; 0.001), landfills (p&lt; 0.001), and wastewater disposal (p= 0.001) to the inci¬dence of diarrhea in children under five. Conclusion: There is a correlation between raw water sources, latrine conditions, garbage disposal, and wastewater disposal to the incidence of diarrhea in children under five. Keywords: diarrhea, environmental sanitation, children under five.

Determinants Of Diarrhea Among Toddlers In Bram Itam Kiri Sub-District Bram Itam Barat Tanjung Jabung District

Background : Diarrhea is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. According to data from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between mother's education level, occupation, income, mother's knowledge, and latrine ownership with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Bram Itam Kiri Village.Methods : Using a cross sectional approach with a population of 166 mothers, the number of samples was 68 respondents. The sampling technique was carried out using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire sheet and analyzed univariate and bivariate using chi square analysis.Results : The level of education in the low category is 48.5%, employment in the unemployed category is 58.9%, income in the low category is 70.6%, knowledge in the poor category is 83.8%, latrine ownership in the category does not meet terms of 61.8%. Bivariate results of education level (0.003), mother's occupation (1,000), family income (0.019), knowledge (0.028), and latrine ownership (0.002) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five.Conclusion : There is a relationship between the level of education, family income, knowledge, and ownership of latrines, and there is no relationship between the mother's occupation and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five.

Analysis of The Influence of Nutritional Status Variables and Environmental Sanitation on The Event of Diarrhous to Children

Introduction: Diarrhea in 2019 became the second leading cause of death in children under five. The causes of diarrhoea include infection, malabsorption, and food and are influenced by several factors such as behavioural, nutritional, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to analyze the effect of variables on nutritional status and environmental sanitation on the incidence of diarrhoea in children under five in the South Lampung Regency. Method: This study is survey research with a cross-sectional design and uses binary logistic regression analysis. The samples taken were 380 toddlers aged 6-59 months. Result: 10 of the 21 predictor variables had a significant effect on the 5% significant level of the incidence of diarrhoea, where there were nine predictor variables, including poor/poor nutritional status, history of exclusive breastfeeding, clean water sources from BOR wells, clean water sources from PDAM. mountain spring drinking water sources, latrine facilities, septic tank facilities, managed waste management, and the floor of a ceramic house can reduce the incidence of diarrhea with odds ratio and [p=] values of 0.06[0.000], 0.33[0.017], 0.01[0.0000], 0.02[0.000], 0.02[0.004], 0.04[0.000], 0.01[0.025], 0.02[0.001], and 0.10[0.000]. Toddlers living in noncoastal areas have a 1.08 times higher chance of experiencing diarrhoea than coastal areas. In contrast, one variable, namely the age of toddlers, can increase the susceptibility to diarrhoea in toddlers with the odds ratio and [p=] values of 1.04 [0.007, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the influence of nutritional status variables and environmental sanitation has a great possibility to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea in children under five, namely in the group of nutritional status variables, including poor/poor nutritional status, age of toddlers, and history of exclusive breastfeeding.