Incidence Of Consanguineous Marriages Research Articles

Methodological challenges of traditional and virtual anthropological fieldwork in migrant integration research: the case of Chinese-Hungarian interethnic partner relationships

The incidence of consanguineous marriage in Turkey is examined, with a focus on the impact of selected background variables. Data from the 1988 Fertility and Health Survey conducted by Hacettepe University are analyzed, and the results are compared with those from the 1983 survey in an attempt to determine how the rapid social change in the country during that period has affected the rate of consanguineous marriage. Factors considered include regional distribution, size of settlement place, birthplace, education, parental consanguinity, family-arranged marriage, age at first marriage, and payment of bride money.

They aren't all first cousins: Bedouin marriage and health policies in Lebanon

Objective. Fertility and consanguineous marriages among the Bedouin tribes of the Middle East have long generated interest particularly around health outcomes and social relations. In particular, Bedouin in Lebanon have increasingly embraced the Lebanese national bio-medical health system in the past two decades, while Lebanese policy-makers' responses continue to be minimal and ill-informed. This paper investigates the mismatch between policy-makers' formulations of Bedouin consanguineous marriages and the Bedouins's actual reproductive practices and discusses the implications of these formulations on the Bedouins's access to health services.Design. The findings are drawn from the data collected as part of the Bedouin Health Project, an EU-funded five-year study (2005–2010), aiming at assessing access to reproductive and child health care among the Bedouin in Lebanon. The data was collected from 6 clusters representing the main Bedouin informal and unrecognized settlements in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. The data consists of 111 socioeconomic questionnaires with Bedouin women users of local public, private, and nongovernmental reproductive and child health-focused clinics, in addition to 40 in-depth interviews with Bedouin women across the clusters and 17 semi-structured interviews with policy-makers.Results. The findings suggest a gap between the perceptions of policy-makers and the incidence of consanguineous marriages and reproductive practices among the Bedouin. While there was no national data available for the Bedouin populations, policy-makers relied on a constructed ‘Bedouin reproductive profile’ that portrayed them as ‘a problematic health group’. The national policy formulation of the Bedouin reproductive profile has an exclusionary impact on the Bedouin population as they are ignored from any targeted health policies or provided with politically motivated palliative care provision.Conclusion. These findings highlight the importance of addressing stereotyping and discrimination among health practitioners and policy-makers, as a crucial part of improving the overall marriage and reproductive health practices of the Bedouin.

Louis XIV et Marie-Thérèse d’Autriche : un couple à travers le prisme de la génétique

Summary Background On June 9, 1660, Louis XIV of France married its double first cousin Maria Theresa of Austria, the Spanish infant. Among their six children, only one had reached adulthood and three died within their first year of life. Has the inbreeding of the royal couple play a role in this infant mortality? Methods Genealogical information of Louis of France, “Le Grand Dauphin” (son of Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa of Austria) was introduced into a database included 286 individuals along nine parent-offspring generations. The database was used for computing the inbreeding coefficient F of each individual. Mortality data of the children of the royal couple was compared to that of the children of Louis XIV and two of his lovers by means of Fisher test (significant P value = 0.05). Results Louis of France, “Le Grand Dauphin” has a high inbreeding coefficient (F = 0.173) due to the high incidence of consanguineous marriages in his family. The children of the royal couple have a higher infant mortality than the children of Louis XIV and two of his lovers (50 vs. 0%; P = 0.03). Conclusions Even if it is difficult to establish, the inbreeding of Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa of Austria may have play a significant role in the infant mortality of their children by promoting the occurrence of genetic diseases.

Glanzmann′s thrombasthenia: The clinicopathological spectrum and its diversities

Aim: To study the clinical spectrum of patients with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (GT) in a tertiary care hospital in South India and to correlate the clinical & laboratory parameters of GT. Materials and Methods: This study includes 15 patients who were diagnosed as GT by characteristic clinical features, basic lab parameters (prolonged bleeding time, abnormal clot retraction and absence of platelet clumps on direct smear) and platelet aggregometry. Results: 66.6% of our patients were below 10 years of age. The common forms of bleeding in our patients was epistaxis,gum bleeding and prolonged bleeding from trauma site which was seen in >50% of our patients.The significant findings on routine laboratory testing was a prolonged bleeding time (93.33%) and an abnormal clot retraction test (66.6%). Platelet aggregation studies showed decreased aggregation with ADP, Collagen and Epinephrine in 100% of our patients whereas 50% also showed decreased aggregation with Ristocetin.Hence most of the patients in this study presented with the classical symptoms and laboratory findings of GT however some had unusual findings. Conclusion: The prevelance of GT is higher in southern India due to increased incidence of consanguineous marriages in this area.Though basic hemostatic screening tests and platelet aggregometry are sufficient to establish the diagnosis in majority of the patients,however some may require more sophisticated tests like flowcytometry for glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa.

Xeroderma Pigmentosum with Desquamative Gingivitis a Rare Case Report and Detailed Review of Literature

In xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare genodermatosis, transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder, excessive solar damage to the skin develops at an early age. The disease is characterized by cutaneous, ocular, neurological and oral changes. Oral features in the form of early development of Squamous cell carcinoma, usually at the lower lip and tip of the tongue may be seen. The disorder is associated more commonly in populations where marriage of close blood relatives is common. Treatment of the disorder includes avoidance of Ultra violet radiation, topical application of 5 fluorouracil to treat actinic keratoses, and regular evaluation by an optholmologist, dermatologist, and neurologist. Genetic counseling is an important aspect as an increased incidence of consanguineous marriages have been reported with this disorder. Here, we report an interesting case of xeroderma pigmentosum in an 18 year old male patient who presented with characterstic desquamation of gingiva, fissured tongue and geoghraphic tongue.

Endogamy and Marital Distance among the Phayeng of Manipur

This paper highlights the incidence of endogamy and marriage distance among the Phayeng, a Loi (Scheduled Caste) community of Manipur, who, in later stage of their history coalesced into the larger Meitei society. It also reveals the relationship between village endogamy and consanguinity on one hand and Loi endogamy, occupational endogamy and traditional occupations on the other. The relevant data of the paper are collected by conducting a fieldwork among the people. Techniques, such as personal interview and schedule supplemented by genealogical method are employed to collect the data. The statistical analysis shows that MMD is much higher among the non-consanguineous couples (20.63 ± 16.65 km) than consanguineous couples (3.88 ± 10.20 km). The distribution is positively skewed and leptokurtic. Thus, the findings of the present study agree with that of the earlier study but shows increase in the marital distance and decrease in the incidence of consanguineous marriage.

MIGRATION AS A DETERMINANT OF MARRIAGE PATTERN: PRELIMINARY REPORT ON CONSANGUINITY AMONG AFGHANS

Two sample populations, one refugee and one resident, were studied. The frequencies of consanguineous marriages came out to be 49.8%and 55.4%, respectively, for the refugees and the residents. Caste endogamy was dominant both in the residents and the refugees. The mean coefficient of inbreeding was calculated to be 0.0303 for the refugee population and 0.0332 for the resident population samples. First cousin marriage was the dominant type of marriage in both samples; father's brother's daughter (FBD) marriage was more frequent among the refugees while mother's brother's daughter(MBD) marriage was more frequent among the residents. Education has no decreasing effect on the incidence of consanguineous marriages. A significant difference in the pattern of marriages in the refugees is observed after the Saur Revolution of 1979.

Consanguineous Marriages in the Sikh Community of Swat, NWFP, Pakistan

Marriages among the Sikh minority of the Districts of Swat Bunair and Shangla (NWFP Pakistan) were studied where the frequency of consanguineous marriages was found to be 21%. Marriages with distant relatives were 29.4% in the population. The inbreeding coefficient for the population was calculated to be 0.0127. Only three types of first cousin marriages (MSD MBD and FSD) were recorded. Marriage with fathers brothers daughter (FBD) was not found in the population studied. Mean inbreeding coefficient was higher for the low socioeconomic group (0.0181) and lower for the high socioeconomic group (0.0125). The trends of marriages of the minority Sikhs and majority Pukhtun populations are mostly similar. An increase in the incidence of consanguineous marriages over the years has been observed. The per cent frequencies of premature mortality and abnormality among the offspring of consanguineously married couples are higher as compared to those among the offspring of non-consanguineously married couples. (authors)

Consanguineous marriages in the province of Antalya, Turkey

To assess the trends in the frequency and the medical effects of consanguinity in the south coast of Turkish population using local and national data in the last 11 years. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Manavgat province, which is a major tourism center on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The authors studied consanguineous marriages in rural and urban population in the Mediterranean coast, Manavgat province, Turkey, via a 1500 random survey sample of married couples. There has been a significant increase in the incidence of consanguineous marriages in rural areas (40.7%) since 1989 in the southern population of Turkey. The results showed that the most frequent type of marriage was between the first cousins. It is found that there is no statistically significant difference between the consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages in the different age groups. The results were discussed on the basis of educational status, reasons for having consanguineous marriages and the general medical effects as well as with the relation of congenital malformations. The custom of consanguineous unions in the Mediterranean population of Turkey is still extremely high, and preventive measures should be done to decrease its frequency and associated complications.

Has consanguinity any impact on occurrence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia?

In this study we tested the hypothesis of an association between consanguinity and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. This is a case-control study conducted at Princess Badea Teaching Hospital, Irbid-Jordan during the period May 1997-April 1998. The study population were Jordanian women delivered at Princess Badea Teaching Hospital with or without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.The total number was 208 pre-eclamptic/eclamptic women (76 primiparous and 132 multiparous) and 618 randomly selected non-hypertensive women. In primiparous as well as multiparous women, it was evident that neither consanguinity nor the degree of the relationship to the husband in consanguineous marriages had an impact on the incidence of preeclampsia/eclampsia. However, comparing the incidence of consanguinity between pre-eclamptic/eclamptic and non-hypertensive, multiparous women married to a relative other than first cousin, the P value was 0·0248, which we explained as chance incidence. When we compared the incidence of consanguineous marriages as a whole between pre-eclamptic/eclamptic and nonhypertensive, multiparous women, there was no evidence of any impact of consanguinity on the incidence of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.

Childhood neuromuscular disorders: a decade's experience in Saudi Arabia.

The study describes the pattern of childhood neuromuscular disorders seen in a decade (1982-1992) at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Similar data are scanty outside Europe and North America, and lacking in Saudi Arabia. Eighty-four children (< or = 16 years) were assigned to an entity of neuromuscular disease following review of the clinical, biochemical and neurophysiological data, and after re-examination of the histological and histochemical features of the muscle biopsies. Of the 84 ascertained cases, 40 (48%) had different forms of muscular dystrophy (MD), 26 (31%) had one of the various types of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and two (2.4%) hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I. The rest were miscellaneous cases including one (1.2%) with dermatomyositis. Of the dystrophies, severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (SCARMD) was more prevalent (30%) than Duchenne type (25%), conforming with observations from North African countries known to have a high incidence of consanguineous marriages. Family history of other cases of SCARMD included three males and three females, one of whom died at 15 years, and consanguinity was evident in 63%. Congenital MD, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, was also common (30%). A history of consanguinity was present in 55%. Of the 26 cases of SMA, type I (Werdnig-Hoffman disease) was the most prevalent (69%). Consanguinity was ascertained in 65% of SMA families and histories revealed another 14 affected siblings. Autosomal recessive forms seem to constitute the bulk of neuromuscular disorders in Saudi Arabia.

Biosocial perspective of consanguineous marriages in rural and urban Swat, Pakistan.

Consanguineous marriages in two population samples, one rural and one urban, from Swat (Pakistan) were studied. The frequency of consanguineous marriages was found to be 37.13% and 31.11%, and mean inbreeding coefficients were calculated as 0.0168 and 0.0162, for the rural and urban populations respectively. The most frequent type of marriage was between first cousins, in both samples. Among first cousin marriages, those with father's brother's daughter were predominant. Mean inbreeding coefficient was higher for higher socioeconomic groups in both samples. Differences by ethnic and educational groups were also found. Contrary to previous studies, a significant increase in the incidence of consanguineous marriages over the years has been observed. The incidence of premature mortality was significantly higher only in the offspring of first cousin marriages. Significantly higher incidence of morbidity in the offspring of consanguineous marriages was also observed.

Consanguinity and associated socio-demographic factors in the United Arab Emirates.

The aim of this study was to explore the association between socio-demographic factors and consanguineous marriages in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in the cities of Al Ain and Dubai between October 1994 and March 1995. A multi-stage sampling design was used and a representative total sample of 2,200 UAE females aged 15 years and above were included in this study. Data on 2,033 (85.8%) UAE national families who consented to participate in the study were obtained. The rate of consanguineous marriages in the sample was found to be 50.5% with 95% estimated population confidence limits 49.2-51.8%. The socio-demographic factors considered were: husband's age, wife's age, husband's and wife's educational levels, husband's occupation, wife's occupation, housing conditions, husband's parental kinship, wife's parental kinship, and kinship between the spouses. Consanguinity is more common among women with educated husbands (secondary or university/high) than among women with less educated husbands. The results indicate that the frequency of consanguineous marriages significantly increases when the husband's educational level is higher (p = 0.003). The distribution of relationship between spouses over the two generations of the study group and their parents is presented. The incidence of consanguineous marriages among the parents is 53% and 62% for the women and their husbands, respectively, and the overall incidence is 57%. The parallel patrilateral marriage is obviously the favoured practice when considering the parent's kinship distributions. The results of step-wise multiple logistic regression analysis for the occurrence of consanguineous marriages show that the husband's education and husband's parent's consanguinity status only are significantly associated variables.

An Epidemiological Study of Renal Lithiasis in Gypsies and Others in Spain

A comparative epidemiological study was done on renal lithiasis in gypsies and nongypsies in Eastern Andalucia, Spain. A family history of lithiasis in gypsies was obtained 2 to 3 times less often compared to nongypsies (1.14 versus 4.34 per cent). The male-to-female ratio of gypsies with lithiasis was 0.59 per cent compared to 1.54 per cent in others. The inverse ratio in gypsies contrasted with those obtained by various authors in western countries of white and black populations.There was a predominance of immediate family history of lithiasis in gypsies with stones (p less than 0.001,11.81 per cent), which was not observed among nongypsies (p equals 0.80). The incidence of consanguineous marriage among gypsies was high (26.95 per cent) compared to others (4.07 per cent). There was a dependent relationship in gypsies between family history of lithiasis and consumption of meat products (p equals 0.001), dairy products and food rich in oxalic acid (p equals 0.05). In nongypsies these differences were less significant statistically and were nonexistent in the incidence of consumption of food containing oxalic acid.We ascribe the difference in the incidence of lithiasis between gypsies and other subjects principally to hereditary and dietary factors.

Comparative analysis of mating systems and marriage distance patterns in five tribal groups of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract Various studies on marriage patterns in India have indicated that the incidence of consanguineous marriages varies according to linguistic groups. This study was carried out in an area of culture contact of several different linguistic groups. A study of five endogamous tribal groups showed that the degree of consanguinity and type of consanguineous marriages were closely related to the linguistic area to which each population belonged. The Raj Gonds, Kolams, and Pradhans had a high inbreeding coefficient similar to that of rural populations of Andhra Pradesh; the Andhs showed a lower coefficient similar to that of Maharashtra, their area of origin; and the Mathuras, a nomadic North Indian group, showed a very low inbreeding coefficient, which is characteristic of North India.

Incidence of consanguineous marriages in Tokyo and Yokohama.

Incidence of consanguineous marriages in Tokyo and Yokohama.

Incidence of consanguineous marriage in modern metropolitan Tokyo.

Information was obtained on consanguinity between parents of outpatients, born in 1960–1976, at the pediatric clinic in a hospital in Tokyo. Of 2,383 couples living in Metropolis Tokyo, 16 or 0.67% were first cousins, 8 or 0.34% first cousins once removed, and 5 or 0.21% second cousins. The total consanguinity rate was 1.22%, and the mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.000557, much lower than the values for the whole of Japan.

Effects of parental consanguinity on fertility, mortality and morbidity among the Pattusalis of Tirupati, South Indian.

The incidence of consanguineous marriages is very high in the Pattusali population. First cousin marriages are preferred mostly. The consanguinity effects obtained in this population are also mostly confined to these marriages only. The inbreeding coefficient for the population is 0.02997. The consanguinity on fertility, mortality and morbidity are discussed in the paper.

Genetic studies on familial leukemia.

Familial leukemia in Japan was studied. Among 20 families where familial leukemia occurred in siblings, in 6 of them (30%) the parents were first cousins, in 2 (10%) each they were first cousins once removed and second cousins, while among 200 families where nonfamilial leukemia occurred, only in 9 of them (4.5%) were the parents first cousins, indicating that incidence of consanguineous marriage is high in familial leukemia in siblings. It was also noted that the age of the patient at the time of onset of familial leukemia in children of first cousin parents was lower than that of cases whose parents were not related. From these findings it is suggested that genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of familial leukemia occurring in siblings.

La consanguineità nel Lodigiano dal 1900 al 1956

SUMMARY In this work the results of a research on the consanguinity of populations living in the Lodigiano, the southern part of the province of Milan, are exposed and briefly commented. It has been found: 1) a relatively low incidence of consanguineous marriages from the third to the sixth degree (uncle-niece and aunt-nephew, first cousins, first cousins once removed, second cousins and double relatives), which varies with the time and the number of inhabitants of the «comuni»: in the whole, from a frequency of 2,27% in the years 1900-1923 they have decreased to 1,54%, in the years 1933-1956; 2) correspondently low coefficients of inbreeding, being F 0,00101 in the first period and F 0,00061 in the second; 3) no negative correlation between the number of inhabitants of the «comuni» and the incidence of consanguineous marriages. The marked difference between these results and that obtained for the other part of the province of Milan shows how great the variability of this phaenomenon is even in small areas; variability that should be accurately evaluated and taken into account for studies of population genetics.