Incidence Of Caries In Children Research Articles

The relationship between caries risk assessment using the CAT-AAPD method and the incidence of caries in children

The relationship between caries risk assessment using the CAT-AAPD method and the incidence of caries in children

Relationship Between Mother And Child Behavior In Maintaining Dental Health With The Incidence Of Caries (Study Of Preschool Children At Al-Masyithoh Pati Muslimat Kindergarten)

Background: Dental caries is still a priority issue in children’s health. The high prevalence of caries in children is partly due to the lack of maternal behavior in maintaining oral health, as well as a child’s diet. This study aims to analyze the relationship between mother and child behavior in maintaining dental health with the incidence of caries in children. Methods: This type of research is analytically observational with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 73 children aged 3-5 years and the respondents were the mothers of the sample. Sampling used a proportioned stratified random sampling technique. Collecting data using observation sheets and questionnaires. Univariate and bivariate data analysis (Rank Spearman). Results: The results showed that 75.3% of mothers had good knowledge, 100% of mothers had a supportive attitude, 68.5% of mothers had good actions, 93.2% of children had cariogenic food consumption habits, and 58.9% of children had caries in the very high category. There is no relationship between maternal knowledge (p-value 0.942 > 0.05) and maternal attitude with caries incidence (p-value 0.816 > 0.05), there is a relationship between maternal actions (p-value 0.000 <0.05) and children’s habits of consuming cariogenic foods with caries incidence (p-value 0.004 <0.05). Conclusion: Maternal knowledge and attitude in maintaining dental health have no relationship with the incidence of caries in children, while maternal actions and children’s habits of consuming cariogenic food are related to the incidence of caries in children.

Intervención interdisciplinaria para la prevención primaria de la caries en lactantes de 0 a 18 meses

Introduction: caries is the most common chronic disease in childhood. The presence of caries in the primary dentition is the main risk factor for developing caries in the permanent dentition. Most of the risk factors for caries are modifiable and can become elements for the prevention and control of the disease. With the aim to reduce the incidence of caries in children at the age of 18 months, an interdisciplinary primary prevention intervention is designed for families with children following the pediatric health program “Protocol d’activitats preventives i de promoció de la salut a l’edat pediàtrica” (PAPPS). Methodology: non-randomized clinical trial, carried out in two primary care centers in Catalonia from January 2019 to June 2022. In one of the centers, an educational intervention for primary prevention of caries was designed and implemented with advice and skills to the families. In the other center, the usual protocol of recommendations was maintained. The incidence of caries was evaluated and compared in both groups at the age of 18 months with a logistic regression model estimated with the R program. Results: the incidence of caries at 18 months was higher in children in the control group (OR=6.0; 95% CI 1.8-20.2), despite the fact that the caries risk assessment based on the called “Caries Management by Risk Assessment” (CAMBRA) indicated a higher risk of caries in infants in the intervention group. Conclusion: the interdisciplinary primary caries prevention intervention incorporated into child health programs reduces the incidence of caries in the first years of life.

Peculiarities of the state of the hard tissue of the temporary teeth in 6-years-old children

Literary data show that caries is the most common dental nosology in the world. After conducting epidemiological studies of our region, we established a high incidence of caries in children aged 6 according to WHO criteria. In this regard, we set ourselves the aim of assessing the peculiarities of the state of hard tissues of temporary teeth in children living in different regions of Bukovyna. To solve the aim, we examined 306 children in 13 schools of the Chernivtsi region. The following observation groups were selected: Group I – 93 children aged 6 years living in Vyzhnytskyi District, Group II – 119 children aged 6 years living in Chernivtsi District and Subgroup III – 94 children aged 6 years living in Dniester District. We analyzed the prevalence, intensity of caries of temporary teeth, level of intensity, ICDAS1-6 in different regions of Bukovyna. The degree of probability of the obtained results was statistically assessed. The prevalence of caries of temporary teeth in 6-year-old children is high in all regions: 93.54% in Vyzhnytskyi, 93.61% in Dnistrovskyi and 92.43% in Chernivtsi districts. The analysis of the intensity of caries showed that the highest values – in children of the Vyzhnytsky district (5.46±0.33) affected teeth, the lowest – in the examined children of the Dniester district – (5.05±0.28). The "d" component dominated the structure of the "dmf" index in all regions. It should be noted that the extracted teeth were from 1.59 to 4.39%. In all regions, the average level of intensity prevailed, but the share of children with a high level was also high: 39.78% in Vyzhnytskyi, 31.91% in Dniester and 30.25% in Chernivtsi districts. The lower second molar was most often affected, with a share of 26.53%. A combined lesion of several groups of teeth, in particular the upper and lower molars, as well as the upper frontal teeth that were present, is characteristic. Carious cavities were most often located on the masticatory (31.25%) and contact surfaces (51.52%). Enamel caries was most often diagnosed in 41.21% of cases, a third of all lesions (36.64%) were dentine caries, and a fifth part (22.13%) were caries at the stain stage. Therefore, the high incidence of caries in children in all districts of the Chernivtsi region indicates the need to study the regional risk factors for the development of caries in children for the further development of regionally adapted treatment and prevention programs. Keywords: children, caries, complications of caries, prevalence, intensity, SIC-index.

A Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver-based Preventive Restorations (Silver Nitrate, Silver Diamine Fluoride, and Silver Nanoparticles) against Streptococcus mutans Monospecies Biofilm Model.

The ability of the Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to form biofilms is not only crucial in the initiation of early childhood caries (ECC) but is also a challenge to its treatment. The current management protocols focus on remineralization and use of antimicrobial formulations which penetrate biofilms, control their formation, and decrease the incidence of caries in children. The paradigm shift toward preventive protocols and increasing antibiotic resistance rekindled the use of silver as a promising antibacterial agent. To gain further insight into the therapeutic potential, aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of silver-based preventive restorations [silver nitrate (AgNO3), silver diamine fluoride (SDF), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)] against S. mutans species. Using an ex vivo monospecies biofilm model of S. mutans; the antimicrobial efficacy of three treatment groups (SDF, AgNO3, and AgNPs) was evaluated. There was a significant difference between the negative control and three treatment groups (SDF, AgNO3, and AgNPs). The results showed that the mean diameter of inhibition zones obtained in biofilms treated with AgNPs was 40.3 ± 0.25 mm which was greater than both SDF (37.7 ± 0.18 mm) and AgNO3 (36.26 ± 0.18 mm). The study concluded that the number of viable bacteria was significantly reduced by all three medicaments (p < 0.05). However, AgNPs showed the highest antimicrobial activity in comparison to SDF and AgNO3 against S. mutans biofilm. The present study thus supports that AgNPs are a promising preventive anticaries agent due to their better antibacterial activity in comparison to other silver-based preventive restorations and can be effectively used as an alternative to SDF or AgNO3 for the noninvasive treatment of ECC in the young. Sharma P, Dhawan P, Rajpal SK, et al. A Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver-based Preventive Restorations (Silver Nitrate, Silver Diamine Fluoride, and Silver Nanoparticles) against Streptococcus mutans Monospecies Biofilm Model. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S13-S19.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PARENTING STYLE AND STUDENT DEF-T INDEX

ABSTRACTBackground: Children at primary school age have a special phase in their oral cavity, namely transition phase which is marked by the change of deciduous teeth to permanent teeth. Damage that occurs during this period can affect the condition of the oral cavity and cause various diseases in the future. One of the diseases that often occurs is caries. Based on Riskesdas, the prevalence of caries in Indonesia on 2018 is 57.6% and 59.6% in South Kalimantan. The incidence of caries in children cannot be separated from the parenting provided by parents. Parenting styles are divided into authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between parenting style and def-t index of students at SDN Kebun Bunga 4 Banjarmasin. Material and Method: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 33 students in grades 1-3rd at SDN Kebun Bunga 4 Banjarmasin. Data collection included primary data obtained through direct examination of the students' oral cavity and filling out the PSDQ (Parenting style and Dimensional Questionnaire) to determine parenting styles. The data then processed and analyzed using the SPSS application with Spearman test. Results: The results showed that most parents practice authoritative parenting. The def-t index of students is 6.3 in high category, and there are no parents with authoritarian parenting. Spearman's correlation test showed there was no relationship between parenting style and students' def-t index (p value = 0.371). Conclusion: There is no relationship between parenting styles and students' def-t index.Keywords : Authoritarian, authoritative, parenting style, permissive, student def-t index

Association between Candida species and caries index in children

Background: candida species is one of the most important opportunistic oral fungal flora that contributed to oral candidal infections. Recently some studies indicate the association between increased caries incidence in children with oral candidal carriage. Objective: To candida species is one of the most important opportunistic oral fungal flora that contributed to oral candidal infections. Recently some studies indicate the association between increased caries incidence in children with oral candidal carriage. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one children with ages 6 to 12 years , DMFT, dmft, and OHI-S were measured and oral swabs were tested on three different surfaces (lingual, occlusal, and buccal) then cultured on SDA as a primary medium, and selective medium on CHROMagar, also germ tube test was done and for more precision, pure colonies were identified up to species based on their carbohydrate assimilation pattern by the VITEK 2 compact Results: 22 (36.1%) children with candida carriage, C.albicans 12, (54%), C.dubliniensis 4,( 18.18%), C.krusei 4, (18.18%), C. tropicalis 2, ( 9.1%). There was no association between candidal species in the oral cavity and caries index (DMFT, dmft). Conclusion: Non-significant weak negative correlation appeared between candidal species in the oral cavity and caries index in children. The most predominant candidal species was C.albicans.

Association between Candida species and caries index in children

Background: candida species is one of the most important opportunistic oral fungal flora that contributed to oral candidal infections. Recently some studies indicate the association between increased caries incidence in children with oral candidal carriage.&#x0D; Objective: To candida species is one of the most important opportunistic oral fungal flora that contributed to oral candidal infections. Recently some studies indicate the association between increased caries incidence in children with oral candidal carriage.&#x0D; Patients and Methods: Sixty-one children with ages 6 to 12 years , DMFT, dmft, and OHI-S were measured and oral swabs were tested on three different surfaces (lingual, occlusal, and buccal) then cultured on SDA as a primary medium, and selective medium on CHROMagar, also germ tube test was done and for more precision, pure colonies were identified up to species based on their carbohydrate assimilation pattern by the VITEK 2 compact&#x0D; Results: 22 (36.1%) children with candida carriage, C.albicans 12, (54%), C.dubliniensis 4,( 18.18%), C.krusei 4, (18.18%), C. tropicalis 2, ( 9.1%). There was no association between candidal species in the oral cavity and caries index (DMFT, dmft).&#x0D; Conclusion: Non-significant weak negative correlation appeared between candidal species in the oral cavity and caries index in children. The most predominant candidal species was C.albicans.

Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Orang Tua Tentang Makanan Kariogenik pada Anak Usia Prasekolah Yang Menyebabkan Karies Gigi di Tk ‘Aisyiyah Karangasem

The problem of dental caries in early childhood is important because dental caries is an success indicator of efforts to maintain children's dental health. The incidence of caries in children is influenced by the knowledge and attitudes of parents in caring for dental health. According to the Central Java region, there were 43.45% of data on damaged, perforated, and sick teeth, and for the Surakarta area there were 35.66%). This study aims to describe the knowledge and attitudes of parents about cariogenic foods consumed by preschoolers that can cause dental caries. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative methods. The sampling technique used is total sampling with the sampling technique based on the criteria determined by the researcher. the description of the mother's knowledge about cariogenic foods that can cause dental caries is mostly good with 83 respondents (57.60%) and the mother's attitude is mostly good, which is 80 respondents (55.60%). Knowledge and attitude of parents about cariogenic food in preschoolage that causes dental caries are good in TK 'Aisyiyah Karangasem.

RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTS ROLE TO CARIES INCIDENT IN ADOLESCENTS AT SUNGAI LOBAN SUBDISTRICT

Background: Caries can be caused by a lack of individual knowledge about dental health and attitudes to pay attention to dental hygiene. Parents have the most important role in determining the personality, habits and behavior of the child in taking care of the teeth and mouth. Every action taken by the parents will have an influence on the character of the child. Parents who provide a positive parenting pattern to their child, will form good personality, habits and behavior towards the child. But on the contrary, parents who are less attentive and do not care will form negative personalities, habits and behaviors. Purpose: To find out relationship of parents role to caries incident in adolescents at Sungai Loban Subdistrict. Methods: This study used an observational analytic method in the form of cross-sectional research and a simple random sampling technique. The research population was grade VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sungai Loban as many as 63 respondents. Results: The Spearman test obtained significant score results of 0.000&lt;0.05 which means there is a correlation between the role of parents to the incidence of caries in children. The correlation value is – 0.927 and includes a very strong correlation in the negative direction (-), it can be interpreted that the relationship is opposite or if the child's caries is high then the role of parents tends to be low. Conclusion: There is a relationship of parents role to caries incident in adolescents.

Gambaran Kesehatan Gigi Mulut dan Jumlah Streptococcus Sp pada Anak Sindroma Down di Kecamatan Patrang dan Sumbersari Jember

Down syndrome is a disorder that causes distinctive physical and mental disorders, causing a slower learning process than normal people. One of the consequences of these physical and mental limitations is the magnitude of dental and oral health problems. To check the state of oral hygiene, DMF-T and OHI-S examinations can be done. In addition, the presence of caries causes, such as Streptococcus sp can be a state of oral hygiene. This study aimed to examine the description of dental and oral health and the effect of the number of Streptococcus sp bacteria in saliva on the incidence of caries in children with Down syndrome at SLB Negeri Patrang, SLB C Taman Pendidikan and Asuhan (TPA) Sumbersari and SLB C Bintoro Regency. Jember. This study was a descriptive study with cross sectional design. This study was held at SLB Negeri Patrang, SLB C Bintoro, and SLB C TPA Sumbersari. This study showed there were differences to the caries incidence and dental hygiene of Down syndrome’s children at SLB Negeri Patrang, SLB C Bintoro, SLB C TPA Sumbersari. Besided it, there were significant differences between the DMF-T index and the colonies of Streptococcus sp, while there was no significant difference of oral hygiene down syndrome children in SLB Negeri Patrang, SLB C Bintoro, SLB C TPA Sumbersari. Briefly, this study showed that the number of Streptococcus sp colonies not frequently correlated to caries incidence and oral hygiene.

Caries Experience and Its Relationship with Mother's Educational Level and Occupational Status: A Cross-sectional Survey.

AimMost studies have investigated established risk factors contributing to dental caries in children, however, with the growing incidence of caries in children more risk factors are being included in literature. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between mother's educational level and occupational status with the caries experience of the child.Materials and methodAbout 120 mother–child pairs participated in the study. Children below 12 years were screened for their dental caries status using DMFT index. The pairs were equally divided into three groups according to the mother's education and occupational status as: Group I–Mothers who did not receive any formal education, Group II–Educated mothers but unemployed, and Group III–Educated employed mothers. Mother's knowledge and attitude regarding the child's oral health was recorded analyzed using Chi-square test with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsIn the present study, the lower DMFT score has been significantly related to higher levels of education and occupation of the mother. It was also observed that the knowledge and attitude of the mother related to the child's oral health is directly proportional to the education and occupational status.ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest that mother's level of education increases the awareness of the child's oral health. Therefore, it is utmost important to educate a mother to help the child maintain his oral health and reduce the caries prevalence.Clinical significanceThe results of the present study conducted will help the clinician to keep in sight the relationship of mother's education and occupational level and its impact on their child's teeth, which will in turn help them for creating further dental awareness in the society.How to cite this articleNembhwani HV, Varkey I. Caries Experience and Its Relationship with Mother's Educational Level and Occupational Status: A Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S226–S229.

DYNAMICS OF INDICATORS OF DECIDUOUS TEETH CARIES IN CHILDREN 3-5 YEARS OLD

Children's dental health has always been and remains an extremely important issue in modern society. According to the WHO, the incidence of dental caries in different countries and among different contingents ranges from 80% to 98%. In recent decades, there has been a growing trend among children. Of particular concern is the significant incidence of early dental caries in children, which is up to two years 62%, and at three years 70.3%. Effective prevention programs and early treatment of caries can improve the quality of children's dental health, and consequently the quality of their general physical health. The aim of our study was to study the dynamics of caries of deciduous teeth (prevalence, intensity, treatment necessity of deciduous teeth, the level of dental aid) in 3-5 years old aged children (observation during the year). All children were examined for the prevalence (%) and intensity of caries of deciduous teeth by the DEF-index and their increase was found in all age groups. The increase in caries for each age group is from 0.2 to 0.3 teeth. The prevalence of caries was studied at each age. 3-year-old children had a caries prevalence of 36.0 ± 6.85%. One year after the first examination, the prevalence of caries in 4-year-old children was now 42.0 ± 7.05%, which is 6% more than a year ago. The same trend is observed in children in the period from 4 to 5 years. The increase in the prevalence of caries in this group for the year is 6.7%. And in the group 5-year-old children the increase in the prevalence of caries per year was 3.1%. Comparison of children 4-year-old, but different groups did not reveal a significant difference. And at the age of 5 a probable difference in the prevalence of caries was revealed. Children with preventive work had a prevalence of 44.0 ± 5.77% against a group of children who were not provided with recommendations for maintaining dental health (65.3 ± 4.91%). In general, in children 3-5-years-old during first examination, the prevalence of caries was 49.1 ± 7.21%. During the year, the increase in the prevalence of caries in the same group of children, but 4-6-years-old, is only 4.9%. The intensity of caries indicates a slight increase in the number of teeth with caries in each group of children. But a comparison of this indicator in children of the same age of different periods of the survey revealed a probable difference at the age of 5 years (1.9 ± 0.35 teeth) (children who were recommended) against 2.7 ± 0.33 teeth (examined 1 year ago).The treatment necessity of deciduous teeth is 54% and the level of dental aid is 13%. Carrying out preventive work with children and their parents on selection of subjects and means of hygiene, regular care of an oral cavity, observance of a healthy food, necessity of sanitation of an oral cavity gave the chance to increase quantity of fillings at children of 4-6 years in comparison with 3-5 years and reducing the number of removed teeth due to complicated caries. Effective prevention programs and early treatment of caries can improve the quality of children's dental health, and consequently the quality of their general physical health. Timely and planned oral hygiene is a common and effective method of prevention of caries and periodontal disease in young patients. That is why a significant place in the prevention of caries in children is occupied by hygienic education and upbringing of children and their parents.

Predictive assessment of clusterization of the oral mineral metabolism in mixed dentition

Relevance . The high incidence of dental caries in children remains relevant to the modern preventive dentistry. Many works have appeared in the recent years on the primary prevention of dental diseases in children based on the caries risk prediction. Thus, dental caries prognosis is relevant and requires further study to improve the methods of individual prevention in children. Purpose - to determine predictors of the oral mineral exchange in the mixed dentition according to the results of the cluster analysis. Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of the oral metabolic processes was performed in 60 caries-resistant children with the mixed dentition aged from 7 to 12 years. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 8.0 software. Results. The study revealed strong relationship between the individual clinical and laboratory predictors, determined the optimal set of predictors for classifying patients with different types of saliva microcrystallization, which is a prerequisite for the possible caries risk prognosis in mixed dentition. Conclusions. The obtained data of the oral mineral metabolism predictors can help to plan the individual primary prevention programs in children during the active formation of the hard dental tissues and to create software to make preclinical diagnosis and prognosis of the subclinical carious process.

Follow-up interval for dental appointments: a randomized clinical trial with children with low caries risk.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different follow-up consultation intervals on caries incidence in children with low caries risk. The study was composed of 224 children aged between 3 and 5 years and with low risk of caries. The children were randomly allocated into two groups, according to two different follow-up consultation intervals: Group 1 (G1) - 12-month follow-up interval; Group 2 (G2) - 18-month follow-up interval. All oral clinical examinations were performed by a single examiner who was previously calibrated and blinded in relation to the study groups. An external dentist provided the advice on oral hygiene and diet and evaluated the children's socioeconomic conditions. The Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the differences between groups. Poisson regression analyses were performed to assess the association of caries incidence with the other variables. At the end of the study there was a significant difference between the groups regarding initial active lesions (p = 0.012), and children in G2 were at a higher risk of developing initial active lesions than those in G1 (p = 0.047). Children who had a higher number of teeth with initial active lesions in the follow-up consultations were at a higher risk of developing cavitated dentin caries (p = 0.001). Both follow-up intervals are justifiable. Although significant results have been observed for initial active caries lesions within the 18-month follow-up interval, it should be noted that these lesions can be treated using just preventive measures. Besides, different return interval had no effect in cavitated dentin lesions.

Mother's Knowledge About Dental Health With Carrying Events In Children In Public Elementary School 1 Saleppa, Banggae District

Dental caries attacks all people, all ages, both men and women, all tribes, races and at all levels of social status. The World Health Organization (WHO) survey in 2013 said that as many as 87% of school-age children around the world and most adults had suffered from dental caries. According to the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013, the prevalence of dental caries in children aged 5-9 years 28.9%, up from 2007 amounted to 21.6%. Dental and oral health services for elementary school children and the same level in Majene Regency were not optimally implemented in 2017 the percentage of students examined was 53.5% and those who received care were only 20% of the number that should be treated. This study aims to identify the relationship of maternal knowledge about dental health with caries incidence in children. This research uses observational research with cross sectional approach that connects independent variables with dependent variables at the same time. The total population in this study was 65 parents (mothers) students, and the sampling technique used was total sampling. Research Results From the Chi Squaredi test results obtained value ρ = 0,000 where the value of ρ is less than 0.05 which means there is a meaningful relationship between the knowledge of mother with caries incidence in children. It is suggested to mothers to seek more information about maintaining oral health and giving good food for dental health and it is hoped that the school will organize a School Dental Health Effort to pay more attention to the oral health of children

A Review of Stunting Growth in Children: Relationship to the Incidence of Dental Caries and its Handling in Children

Introduction: Nutritional problems that may arise due to the low quality of food consumed is called stunting on children. Stunting describes the inadequacy of body heigh according to its age due to malnutrition or chronic malnutrition. Stunting is often not known in the society where the treatment of such issue is very general thus considered as normal. Stunting also affects oral health of children. Objective: To review the relationship of dental and oral condition with the incidence of stunting on children. Methods: Scientific evidence and clinical cases are drawn from the literature to support this review and gather scientific information about the relationship of teeth to the incidence of stunting in children. Results: There are several relationships of dental or oral conditions in children with the incidence of stunting experienced. Some of them are related to the incidence of dental caries in children, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, and have an influence on the flow rate of saliva in children. Conclusion: The incidence of stunting in children is a condition that describes the lack of nutritional status that has a chronic nature during the growth and development of children since the beginning of life. Scientific studies from several literatures prove that there are some relationships between the incidence of stunting in children with the state of oral health of children.

Importance of Dental Clinic Recalls for Caries Prevention in Children: Practice-Based Research.

Objective: to investigate the association between caries incidence in children and the number of clinical preventive visits and follow-up period (intervals). Study Design: a 30-year cohort composed of the dental records of 600 children who were 12-23 months old at their first dental appointment and who were followed up to 12 years of age (200 followed since 1981, Group 1; 200 followed since 1991, Group 2; and 200 followed since 2001, Group 3) was analytically and quantitatively evaluated. Random sample calculation was performed with 95% confidence, a maximum error of 2.95% and a ratio of 50%. Results: association was found between caries incidence and the number of dental visits and consultation intervals. Children who attended a smaller number of preventive visits had a higher incidence of the disease. Children who had an interval between returns greater than 12 months had an 18.7-times greater caries risk compared to children who had intervals no longer than 8 months between return visits. Conclusions: preventive consultations with an average interval of up to 8 months seemed to increase family adherence to preventive procedures and acted as a protective factor against caries incidence in children.

Beneficial effects of supervised toothbrushing on caries incidence in children and adolescents are questioned

Data sourcesThe Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS and BBO. Sources of grey literature included Open Grey, EThOS and Banco de Teses CAPES. Two international registers of ongoing trials were also searched (Current Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov). There were no language or date restrictions.Study selectionNo information is given in the manuscript or the published protocol on how the study selection was carried out, although the authors state that they followed PRISMA guidelines.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and risk of bias assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers.ResultsFour studies were included; in all trials, supervised toothbrushing took place in schools. However, they differed in participant ages and caries risk as well as toothpaste fluoride concentration. Outcomes and outcome measures also varied. Two trials reported statistically significant differences in favour of supervised toothbrushing but lacked data on effect size and precision. No meta-analyses were carried out because of the high degree of heterogeneity between the studies.ConclusionsThe lack of high quality evidence meant that this systematic review was unable to reach a definitive conclusion on the effectiveness of supervised toothbrushing programmes on caries incidence in children and adolescents.

Caries Incidence in Children of Primorsko Goranska County, Croatia

Caries Incidence in Children of Primorsko Goranska County, Croatia