Incidence Of Allergic Symptoms Research Articles

The influence of farming activities of paddy rice cultivation on PM2.5 pollution and the incidence of allergic symptoms

The influence of farming activities of paddy rice cultivation on PM2.5 pollution and the incidence of allergic symptoms

Safety of Global SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, a Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines were developed in only a short amount of time and were widely distributed. We conducted this meta-analysis to understand the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. (2) Methods: We searched the corresponding literature published from 1 January 2020 to 20 October 2021. Information of adverse events (AEs) of each selected work was collected. The quality and bias of studies was evaluated, and meta-analysis was carried out by using Stata 17.0. (3) Results: Totally, 11,451 articles were retrieved, and 53 of them were included for analysis. The incidence rate of AEs was 20.05–94.48%. The incidence rate of vascular events increased after viral vector vaccination, while the incidence rate of vascular events decreased after mRNA vaccination. Viral vector vaccine had a higher AE rate compared to mRNA vaccines and inactivated vaccines. In most circumstances, the incidence of AEs was higher in older people, female and after the second dose. The sensitivity of meta-analysis was acceptable; however, the literature was subject to a certain publication bias. (4) Conclusions: The safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was acceptable. The incidence of allergic symptoms and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular symptoms was low. Viral vector vaccine had a higher risk of leading to thrombosis events. The understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine AEs should be enhanced, so as to promote the vaccination.

Analysis of Cross-Reactivity and Allergic Symptoms of 19 Allergens: Results from NHANES 2005–2006

Introduction: We explored the cross-reactivity among 19 common allergen sources and evaluated the influence of serum IgE concentrations and the number of sensitized allergens on the incidence of allergic symptoms. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 which is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the USA. After excluding participants with missing data from the allergen IgE test, allergy questionnaire, and respiratory health questionnaire, a total of 7,224 participants aged 6 years and older were included, as children younger than 6 years old did not complete all 19 allergen-specific IgE tests. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the cross-reactivity between allergen sources. An independent sample Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to investigate the relationship between the serum-specific IgE levels of 19 allergens and the incidence of allergic symptoms. Results: The cross-reactivity between D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus was the strongest (ρ = 0.88), and cross-reactivity of cross-species was universal. With the increase in serum-specific IgE levels of D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, oak, and birch, the incidence of sneezing increased (p < 0.05). With the increase in serum-specific IgE levels of cats, dogs, peanuts, Aspergillus, and Alternaria, the incidence of wheezing increased (p < 0.05). The incidence of rash was positively correlated with serum-specific IgE levels of D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, shrimp, and peanut (p < 0.05). The incidence of wheezing continued to increase with an increase in sensitized allergens. When participants were sensitized to <10 allergens, the incidence of sneezing continued to increase as the number of sensitized allergens increased, whereas the incidence of rash did not have a clear association with the number of sensitized allergens. Conclusion: Species that are biologically close are more likely to have antigen cross-reactivity, while cross-reactivity among different species is common. Different allergens tend to cause different allergic symptoms. Different allergic sites in the body have inconsistent responses to the number of sensitized allergens.

Immunological Processes Driving IgE Sensitisation and Disease Development in Males and Females.

IgE sensitisation has increased significantly over the last decades and is a crucial factor in the development of allergic diseases. IgE antibodies are produced by B cells through the process of antigen presentation by dendritic cells, subsequent differentiation of CD4+ Th2 cells, and class switching in B cells. However, many of the factors regulating these processes remain unclear. These processes affect males and females differently, resulting in a significantly higher prevalence of IgE sensitisation in males compared to females from an early age. Before the onset of puberty, this increased prevalence of IgE sensitisation is also associated with a higher prevalence of clinical symptoms in males; however, after puberty, females experience a surge in the incidence of allergic symptoms. This is particularly apparent in allergic asthma, but also in other allergic diseases such as food and contact allergies. This has been partly attributed to the pro- versus anti-allergic effects of female versus male sex hormones; however, it remains unclear how the expression of sex hormones translates IgE sensitisation into clinical symptoms. In this review, we describe the recent epidemiological findings on IgE sensitisation in male and females and discuss recent mechanistic studies casting further light on how the expression of sex hormones may influence the innate and adaptive immune system at mucosal surfaces and how sex hormones may be involved in translating IgE sensitisation into clinical manifestations.

Baicalein induces CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and enhances intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of food allergy.

The incidence of food allergy, which is triggered by allergen permeation of the gastrointestinal tract followed by a T-helper (Th) 2-mediated immune response, has been increasing annually worldwide. We examined the effects of baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis used in oriental herbal medicine, on regulatory T (Treg) cell induction and intestinal barrier function through the regulation of tight junctions in a mouse model of food allergy. An allergic response was induced by oral challenge with ovalbumin, and the incidence of allergic symptoms and T cell-related activity in the mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed with and without the presence of baicalein. Our results demonstrated that the administration of baicalein ameliorated the symptoms of food allergy and attenuated serum IgE and effector T cells. However, Treg-related factors were up-regulated by baicalein. Furthermore, baicalein was shown to enhance intestinal barrier function through the regulation of tight junctions. We also found that baicalein treatment induced the differentiation of Treg cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). Thus, the action of baicalein as an agonist of AhR can induce Treg differentiation and enhance barrier function, suggesting that baicalein might serve as an effective immune regulator derived from foods for the treatment of food allergy.

First flowering of wind‐pollinated species with the greatest phenological advances in Europe

Increasing risk of pollinosis (hay fever) is one of the most anticipated consequences of climate change on human health. Wind‐pollinated plants are representative of allergenic species because they include species with the highest capability of causing allergy‐related diseases in humans. Therefore, changes in wind‐pollinated species may reflect impacts of climate change on allergenic plants. In particular, flowering is one of the developmental stages most affected by climate change. This report specifically addresses changes in flowering dates that have occurred during the three decades 1971–2000 as a function of pollination mode and woodiness. The assessment is made using a phenological data set comprising trends of flowering dates of 29 species in 983 locations in Europe. Linear mixed models assessing the statistical significance of trends while adjusting for spatial correlation are used. The main results indicate for the first time that the onset of flowering of wind‐pollinated plants advanced more than for insect‐pollinated plants, while full flowering phases tended to advance less. These novel findings are contrary to the results of Fitter and Fitter (2002) for Oxfordshire, who reported larger advances of insect‐pollinated plants. Onset of flowering and full flowering of insect‐pollinated species are more likely to advance for seasons early in the year; instead, wind‐pollinated plants showed no dependence of trends on the season (first flowering) or a decreased advance of phases that are early in the year (full flowering). The effect of woodiness could not be unambiguously defined, but seems to be of minor importance. The presented findings suggest a lengthening of the flowering period in general, which might lead to an increasing time of exposure to airborne pollen of allergic subjects, with consequent likely increment in severity and incidence of allergic symptoms.

Calendrier pollinique et rhinite allergique à Caen (14)

The aim of this prospective cohort study, carried out from February to September in 2001 and 2002, was to establish a local pollen calendar for Caen, France and to compare the results with allergic symptoms observed in the local population. This pollen calendar was established by identifying the different pollen and their concentration, the dates of identification and the duration of detection. Concurrently, allergic clinical manifestations (rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma) in the local population were documented by specialists of the local Réseau national de surveillance aérobiologique (RNSA). The following data were obtained: In Caen, pollination started at the beginning of March with pollen of conifers (thuja) and alnus (alder), followed by fraxinus (ash) and betulla (birch) in the first half of April. Quercus (oak) was detected in the end of April. Pollen of gramineae (grasses) were detected in the middle of June and pollen of castanea (chestnut) in July. The concentration of pollen was variable in both years, but the dates of detection were similar. In 2001, the highest percentage of consultation for allergic rhinitis was 9.1% (compared with a yearly mean of 4.62%), which corresponded to the period of pollination of the gramineae. During this period, the percentage of consultation for other allergic symptoms was 18.65% (compared with a yearly mean of 12.8%). In 2002, the highest percentage of clinical consultations for allergic rhinitis was 7.2% (compared with a yearly mean of 3.48%), which corresponded to the period of pollination of the betulla. During this period, the percentage of consultation for other allergic symptoms was 15.5% (compared with a yearly mean of 10.62%). These findings correspond with results of studies published from 1978 to 1999, which demonstrated a relation between the concentration of pollen and the incidence of allergic symptoms. In conclusion, this study established a correlation between the pollen calendar and allergic manifestation detected in the population of Caen. Predictions of precise periods of high pollen concentrations based on a pollination calendar published annually can alert the population at risk to adopt measures of avoidance or contemplate prophylactic treatment.

Total and specific serum IgE decreases with age in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma and insect allergy but not in patients with atopic dermatitis

Concerning allergic diseases, the incidence of allergic symptoms, as well as their severity, seems to decrease with age. The decline of onset of allergic symptoms observed in ageing might result from a decrease of serum total and specific IgE. Atopic disorders are complex diseases that involve interactions among several physiological systems, e.g. skin, lung, mucosae, and the immune system. It was the aim of this study to compare the effects of age on total and specific IgE in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis or asthma, and insect allergy, respectively.The study population consisted of 559 individuals (male: 229 and female: 330). Total and allergen specific IgE was measured in every individual. From the whole study population, 113 patients suffered from atopic dermatitis (AD), 132 had allergic rhinitis or asthma, and 314 were tested because of insect allergy. Total and specific serum IgE was significantly decreased as a function of age in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma and with insect allergy. In contrast, no significant decrease of total and specific serum IgE in old individuals with AD was observed. Additionally, in the group of patients with a total IgE < 300 kU/l a reduction of total serum IgE was significantly correlated with age. In contrast, patients with IgE levels > 300 kU/l showed no correlation with age.Immunosenescence does not affect increased IgE levels in atopic patients with AD and/or high serum IgE levels indicating that in these subgroups of patients the atopic propensity remains into advanced age. One may hypothesize that either onset of allergic sensitization during life or the kind of atopic disease influences the correlation between age and IgE synthesis.

IgE against HIV proteins in clinically healthy children with HIV disease

Elevated serum IgE was detected in 26% (7 of 30) of children with HIV infection. The majority of children with elevated IgE were of one ethnic group (Puerto Rican) (4 of 7), compared with only 9% (2 of 23) in the normal to low IgE group ( p = 0.02). Most of the children with elevated IgE had decreased circulating CD4 + T cells (5 of 7 or 71%); but none had opportunistic infections, and none failed to thrive. Although similar numbers of children with normal to low IgE had decreased circulating CD4 + T cells (19 of 23 or 83%), this group had opportunistic infections (6 of 23 or 26%) and failure to thrive (7 of 30 or 30%). There was no difference in incidence of allergic symptoms between groups. IgE antibody against HIV protein was detected by Western blot technique in the sera of three children with elevated serum IgE. Thus we have identified a group of children with HIV infection and elevated serum IgE of predominantly one ethnic group, who are without opportunistic infections or failure to thrive, some of whom produce HIV-specific IgE. This suggests that IgE may play a protective (perhaps late compensatory) role in HIV disease in genetically predisposed individuals. (J A LLERGY C LIN I MMUNOL 1996;98:979-84.)

TH2 TYPE CYTOKINE PROFILE IN HIV INFECTED CHILDREN WITH RELATIVE GOOD HEALTH WHO HAVE IGE AGAINST HIV VIRUS PROTEINS.* 68

Serum IgE was elevated (by age specific standards) in 28% (11/39) of HIV infected children. The ethnicity of the children reflected the clinic population, 28/39 were African American and 11/39 were Puerto Rican. The children with elevated serum IgE did not have a significantly different incidence of allergic symptoms than the children without serum IgE elevation, i.e., 36% (4/11) of the group with elevated IgE had a history of allergy (atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, or drug rash), while 29% (8/28) of the group with normal to low IgE gave a similar history. IgE against HIV proteins was detected by western blotting in 4/11 of the children with elevated serum IgE, whose ages ranged from 8-12 years. Two of these children had IgE against gp160, and all four had IgE against p24. None of these children with IgE against HIV had had documented opportunistic infections or failure to thrive. All four children were of the same ethnic origin (Puerto Rican), implying a genetic predisposition to the response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been isolated and analyzed for mRNA of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines (PCR) in two of the children with IgE against HIV proteins. Both children had IL4 and IL10 mRNA in peripheral blood, i.e. Th2 type cytokine profile. Th2 cytokine profile and elevated IgE have been previously associated with progression of HIV disease. In these children described, IgE against HIV may be a late compensatory response, conferring an advantage even in the face of progressive HIV disease with [Illegible Text] cytokine profile.

Occupational allergy due to inhalation of ipecacuanha dust.

A number of workers packing ipecacuanha tablets were complaining of allergic symptoms. Skin-prick tests, RAST and an assessment of clinical history by interview were used to confirm the presence of work-related allergy. Specific IgE antibodies to ipecacuanha were detected and the occurrence of antibodies correlated with the incidence of allergic symptoms. The individuals with positive RAST scores had been employed, on average, longer than those with negative scores. It was found that atopy did not predispose the workers to work-related allergy and that there was no correlation between smoking and respiratory symptoms in this population.

Emperic risks for genetic counseling in families with allergy

The incidence of allergic symptoms was studied in 7,000 pairs of adult twins. Eighteen per cent of this population gave a history of either asthma, eczema, or hay fever at some time in life. The concordance rate in the monozygotic twin group was only 15 to 20 per cent for the different diagnoses, indicating a much lower genetic influence in the etiology of allergy than has been reported in the literature in previous twin studies on small samples. Several types of empiric risks were calculated from these data. For an individual with asthma or eczema the risk of having an additional allergic diagnosis was increased 2 to 3.5 times over the general population; and for a first degree relative of an allergic individual the risk of occurrence of allergy was increased 1.5 to 2.0 times. If the proband was severely allergic, the risk for first degree relatives was further increased. Since these empiric risks were calculated from a relatively unbiased sample, they can be used for genetic counseling. The incidence of allergic symptoms was studied in 7,000 pairs of adult twins. Eighteen per cent of this population gave a history of either asthma, eczema, or hay fever at some time in life. The concordance rate in the monozygotic twin group was only 15 to 20 per cent for the different diagnoses, indicating a much lower genetic influence in the etiology of allergy than has been reported in the literature in previous twin studies on small samples. Several types of empiric risks were calculated from these data. For an individual with asthma or eczema the risk of having an additional allergic diagnosis was increased 2 to 3.5 times over the general population; and for a first degree relative of an allergic individual the risk of occurrence of allergy was increased 1.5 to 2.0 times. If the proband was severely allergic, the risk for first degree relatives was further increased. Since these empiric risks were calculated from a relatively unbiased sample, they can be used for genetic counseling.

A double-blind study of the comparative incidence of malignancy and allergy

Four hundred and three preoperative patients were questioned as to past or present allergic symptoms. One hundred and four patients in this group were subsequently shown to have malignancy. There was no significant difference in the incidence of seasonal or possible allergic symptoms in those patients with cancer as compared with those with no cancer. In the allergic group, no significant difference was found in the intensity of allergic symptoms in cancer patients and the intensity of allergic symptoms in noncancer patients. The incidence of allergic symptoms was similar in patients with localized cancer when compared to those with invasive malignancy. The incidence of reported allergy was less in the older age patients, but this did not affect the present study as there was a similar incidence of allergy in cancer patients compared to noncancer patients at each age level.