Incidence Of Acne Research Articles

Unveiling new protein biomarkers and therapeutic targets for acne through integrated analysis of human plasma proteomics and genomics.

The current landscape of acne therapeutics is notably lacking in targeted treatments, highlighting a critical need for the discovery of new drug targets to improve treatment outcomes. This study aims to investigate the connections between proteomics and genetics in relation to acne across extensive population cohorts, aspiring to identify innovative preventive and therapeutic approaches. Employing a longitudinal cohort of 54,306 participants from the UK Biobank Pharmacological Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP), we performed an exhaustive evaluation of the associations between 2,923 serum proteins and acne risk. Initial multivariate Cox regression analyses assessed the relationship between protein expression levels and acne onset, followed by two-sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR), Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR), and colocalization to identify genetic correlations with potential protein targets. Within the UKB cohort, we identified 19 proteins significantly associated with the risk of acne. Subsequent analysis using Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) refined this to two specific proteins: FSTL1 and ANXA5. Each one-standard deviation increase in the expression levels of FSTL1 and ANXA5 was associated with a 24% and 32% increase in acne incidence, respectively. These results were further validated by additional Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and differential expression analyses. Our comprehensive analysis of proteomic and genetic data from a European adult cohort provides compelling causal evidence that several proteins are promising targets for novel acne treatments.

Ultra-low-dose continuous combined estradiol and dydrogesterone in postmenopausal women: A pooled safety and tolerability analysis

Objective: To assess the safety and tolerability of ultra-low dose estradiol and dydrogesterone (E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg) among postmenopausal women. Methods: This pooled analysis of data from three clinical studies assessed the effects of continuous combined ultra-low-dose estradiol and dydrogesterone among postmenopausal women. Participants received E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg or placebo for 13 weeks (double-blind, randomized, European study), E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg or placebo for 12 weeks (double-blind, randomized, Chinese study), or E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg for 52 weeks (open-label, European study). Safety outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), treatment-emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs), treatment discontinuation due to a TEAE, and adverse events of special interest (AESIs). Results: Overall, 1027 women were included in the pooled analysis (E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg, n = 736; placebo, n = 291). Mean treatment exposure was 288.9 days in the E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg group and 86.6 days in the placebo group. The proportion of women experiencing ≥1 TEAE was similar in the E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg and placebo groups (50.1% vs 49.5%, respectively). TESAEs occurred in 12 (1.6%) women receiving E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg and 9 (3.1%) women receiving placebo. Discontinuation of study treatment was infrequent in both groups (E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg: 1.5%; placebo: 2.4%). The occurrence of breast pain was more common in the E0.5 mg/D2.5 mg group than in the placebo group (2.0% vs 0.3%) as was uterine hemorrhage (6.5% vs 2.4%). The incidence of acne, hypertrichoses and weight increased was similar between groups. Conclusions: Across three studies, ultra-low-dose estradiol plus dydrogesterone was well tolerated among postmenopausal women, with no increase in TEAEs or TESAEs compared with placebo.

Causal relationship between inflammatory skin diseases and breast cancer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

AbstractIntroductionPrior research has explored the relationship between inflammatory skin disorders and breast cancer (BC), yet the causality of this association remains uncertain.MethodsUtilizing a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, this study aimed to elucidate the causal dynamics between various inflammatory skin conditions—namely acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris, urticaria, and rosacea—and BC. Genetic variants implicated in these disorders were sourced from comprehensive genome‐wide association studies representative of European ancestry. In the forward MR, BC was posited as the exposure, while the reverse MR treated each inflammatory skin disease as the exposure. A suite of analytical methodologies, including random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WME), and MR‐Egger, were employed to probe the causative links between inflammatory skin diseases and BC. Sensitivity analyses, alongside evaluations for heterogeneity and pleiotropy, were conducted to substantiate the findings.ResultsThe MR analysis revealed an increased risk of acne associated with BC (IVW: OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.011–1.117, p = 0.016), while noting a decreased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in BC patients (IVW: OR = 0.941, 95% CI = 0.886–0.999, p = 0.047). No significant associations were observed between BC and psoriasis vulgaris, urticaria, or rosacea. Conversely, reverse MR analyses detected no effect of BC on the incidence of inflammatory skin diseases. The absence of pleiotropy and the consistency of these outcomes strengthen the study's conclusions.ConclusionFindings indicate an elevated incidence of acne and a reduced incidence of AD in individuals with BC within the European population.

An Overview of The Incidence of Acne Due to The Use of Masks During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: On March 11 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. One of the efforts to prevent, control and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 in the community is to use a mask. However, apart from feeling uncomfortable, many complaints about acne due to the use of masks are found in the community. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a popular phenomenon appeared on social media, namely "Maskne", a combination of the words mask and acne. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of acne due to the use of masks. Methods: The approach used in this research is quantitative, cross- sectional with data collection techniques through questionnaires. Data analysis using SPSS version 16.0 software. Results: The results showed that the longer use of masks, the higher incidence of acne; the more steps of cleaning the face, the smaller severity of acne. Conclusion: The incidence of acne due to wearing mask during the COVID-19 pandemic correlates with the length of time wearing a mask. The type of mask, the colour of the mask and the variety of beauty products used are not correlated with an increase in the incidence of acne during the use of masks. Keyword: acne, COVID-19, mask, maskne Latar Belakang: Pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020 WHO menyatakan COVID-19 sebagai pandemi. Salah satu upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian, serta pemutusan rantai penularan COVID-19 pada masyarakat adalah dengan menggunakan masker. Namun, selain rasa tidak nyaman, keluhan timbulnya jerawat akibat menggunakan masker banyak ditemukan di masyarakat. Selama pandemi COVID-19 muncul fenomena yang populer pada media sosial yaitu “Maskne” gabungan kata mask dan acne. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran kejadian jerawat akibat menggunakan masker selama pandemi dan faktor yang menimbulkan jerawat akibat pemakaian masker. Metode: Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif, potong lintang dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Analisis data dengan menggunakan software SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa semakin lama pemakaian masker maka semakin tinggi angka kejadian jerawat; semakin banyak tahapan membersihkan wajah maka tingkat keparahan jerawat makin kecil. Kesimpulan: Insidensi jerawat akibat penggunaan masker pada pandemi COVID-19 berhubungan dengan lama penggunaan masker. Tipe masker, warna masker, dan jenis produk kecantikan digunakan tidak berhubungan dengan peningkatan insidensi jerawat pada penggunaan masker. Kata Kunci: COVID-19, jerawat, masker, maskne

Investigating the Health Implications of Whey Protein Consumption: A Narrative Review of Risks, Adverse Effects, and Associated Health Issues.

This narrative review critically examines the current research on the health implications of whey protein (WP) supplementation, with a focus on potential risks and adverse effects. WP, commonly consumed for muscle building and weight loss, has been associated with various health concerns. Our comprehensive analysis involved a thorough search of multiple databases, resulting in the inclusion of 21 preclinical and human studies that collectively offer a detailed overview of WP's health impacts. The review reveals significant findings, such as WP's potential link to liver and kidney damage, alterations in gut microbiota, increased acne incidence, impacts on bone mass, and emotional and behavioural changes. These findings underscore the complexity of WP's effects on human health, indicating both beneficial and detrimental outcomes in relation to different posologies in a variety of settings. Our study suggests caution for the protein intake in situations of hepatic and renal compromised functions, as well as in acne susceptibility, while possible beneficial effects can be achieved for the intestinal microbiota, humoral and behavioural level, and finally bone and muscle mass in elderly. We emphasizes the importance of balanced WP consumption and call for more in-depth research to understand its long-term health effects. Health professionals and individuals considering WP supplementation should be aware of these potential risks and approach its use with informed caution.

Identification of biomarkers of acne based on transcriptome analysis and combined with network pharmacology to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Jinhuang ointment.

The incidence of acne is on the rise due to unhealthy diet and living habits. Jinhuang ointment (JHO) is a classic prescription composed of 10 kinds of commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, which has been widely used in clinical prevention and treatment of skin inflammatory diseases since ancient times. However, the pharmacological mechanism and target of JHO are not clear. The acne microarray dataset was downloaded from gene expression omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG). Immune infiltration was analyzed by CiberSort algorithm. HUB gene was identified by protein-protein interaction network. The gene expression omnibus dataset validates the biomarkers of acne with high diagnostic value. The potential active components and targets of JHO were obtained through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, and the therapeutic targets were obtained by crossing with disease targets. R-packet is used for enrichment analysis. Molecular docking using Auto Dock Tools. A total of 202 DEGs were identified from 12 skin samples in the GSE6475. Immune infiltration analysis showed that there were a large number of macrophages and mast cells in acne skin. Gene set enrichment analysis analysis showed that DEGS was mainly involved in bacterial reaction, inflammatory reaction and so on. Six central genes and gene cluster modules were identified by Cytoscape software. A total of 185 JHO active components and 220 targets were obtained, of which 10 targets were potential targets for JHO in the treatment of acne. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis showed that JHO treatment of acne was mainly related to Toll-like receptors, IL-17 and other signal pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that 5 active compounds in JHO had strong binding activity to the core protein receptor. IL-1 β, CXCL8, toll-like receptor 2, CXCL2, LCN2, and secretory phosphoprotein 1 may be potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of acne. JHO active components may regulate skin cell metabolism and inflammatory response and improve cellular immune microenvironment by acting on core targets (CXCL8, ESR1, IL-1 β, MMP1, MMP3, secretory phosphoprotein 1), thus achieving the purpose of treating acne. This is the result of the joint action of multiple targets and multiple pathways. It provides an idea for the development of a new combination of drugs for the treatment of acne.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACNE CLINICAL COURSE AND SEVERITY AND THE STATE OF MICROBIOTA OF THE SKIN AND LARGE INTESTINE

A high incidence of acne, tendency to its chronic course with the formation of resistance to treatment and frequent development of deep forms determine an important medical and social significance of the problem.
 Aim. To study and evaluate the degree of changes in the microbiocenosis of the skin and large intestine in patients with acne, depending on their clinical course.
 Materials and Methods. We examined 85 patients with acne, aged 18 to 45 years, 49 (57.65±5.36%) women, 36 (42.35±5.36%) men and 35 apparently healthy persons who made up the control group. The composition of microbiota of the skin and large intestine was examined using a bacteriological method.
 Results and Discussion. It was found that there is a significantly lower content of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, bacterioids and total E. coli count in the large intestine in patients with acne associated with a higher amount of E. coli with enzyme properties, conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria, enterococci and fungi of the genus Candida. When using Friedman's non-parametric analysis of variance, it was found that there is a statistically significant difference between the frequency of detection of normocenosis and the stage of the large intestinal dysbiosis and the development of clinical forms of acne. At that, normocenosis was detected more often in patients with comedonal acne, while papular and nodular acne occurred more often in patients with manifestations of different stages of dysbiosis. An increase in seeding with associations of the alpha-hemolytic streptococcus + Staphylococcus haemolyticus + Micrococcus, beta-hemolytic streptococcus + Staphylococcus aureus + E.Coli + Candida albicans and a significant increase in the growth of alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus haemoliticus and Staphylococcus aureus were found in the microbiocenosis of the skin in patients with acne. At that, all of the above microorganisms were not cultured in the patients of the control group.
 Conclusion. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the parameters of microbiocenosis of the skin and large intestine, which depend on the clinical course of dermatosis, were found in the examined patients with acne. This indicates the need for additional examination of such patients with the aim of prescribing a pathogenetically substantiated therapy.

Janus Kinase Inhibitors and Adverse Events of Acne

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are increasingly used across a range of dermatologic conditions. Adverse events of acne have been noted in some studies in clinical practice, but the scope of this outcome across JAK inhibitors has not been established. To systematically analyze all published phase 2 and 3 placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of JAK inhibitors for the risk of acne as an adverse effect of these medications. Comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases through January 31, 2023. Inclusion criteria were phase 2 and 3 placebo-controlled RCTs of JAK inhibitors published in English with reported adverse events of acne. Two reviewers independently reviewed and extracted information from all included studies. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of acne following JAK inhibitor use. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. A total of 25 unique studies (10 839 unique participants; 54% male and 46% female) were included in the final analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated to be 3.83 (95% CI, 2.76-5.32) with increased ORs for abrocitinib (13.47 [95% CI, 3.25-55.91]), baricitinib (4.96 [95% CI, 2.52-9.78]), upadacitinib (4.79 [95% CI, 3.61-6.37]), deucravacitinib (2.64 [95% CI, 1.44-4.86]), and deuruxolitinib (3.30 [95% CI, 1.22-8.93]). Estimated ORs were higher across studies investigating the use of JAK inhibitors for the management of dermatologic compared with nondermatologic conditions (4.67 [95% CI, 3.10-7.05]) as well as for JAK1-specific inhibitors (4.69 [95% CI, 3.56-6.18]), combined JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitors (3.43 [95% CI, 2.14-5.49]), and tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors (2.64 [95% CI, 1.44-4.86]). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, JAK inhibitor use was associated with an elevated odds of acne. Patients should be properly counseled on this potential adverse effect of these medications before treatment initiation. Future studies are needed to further elucidate the pathophysiology of this association.

Co-occurring ASD Mediates Impact of ADHD on Atopic Dermatitis and Acne: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: ADHD and ASD are associated with dermatologic manifestations, yet little research investigates co-occurring ADHD/ASD and common dermatologic conditions. Objective: To investigate associations between ADHD, ASD, acne vulgaris, and atopic dermatitis. Methods: Using de-identified patient records from the TriNetX database, we created four cohorts on ADHD diagnosis, ASD diagnosis, both, neither. Cohorts were separated into males and females. We balanced each cohort based on age, sex, race, and ethnicity to the baseline cohort with neither ASD or ADHD. Finally, we examined prevalence of acne and eczema. Results: The cohort sizes varied from 19,764 to 345,626. Compared to matched peers, males with ADHD or ADHD/ASD had increased prevalence of acne, and all neurodivergent males had increased prevalence of eczema. Females with ADHD had an increase in both. Females with ADHD/ASD had no significant differences, and females with ASD had a decreased risk of eczema. Limitations: Due to database limitations, we are unable to: analyze symptom severity, skincare routine, or treatment adherence. Conclusions: The decreased risk of eczema in females with ASD and lack of significant difference in incidence of acne or eczema in females with ADHD/ASD compared to matched peers suggests research into approaches to skincare in males versus females with ASD may provide clinically relevant insights.

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS (Propionibacterium acnes) OF KOMBUCHA FACE TONER FORMULA WITH GREEN TEA LEAF (Camellia sinensis L.)

Acne is a process of chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands in the skin caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Approximately 80-100% incidence of acne occurs in adolescents. One solution is to use an antibacterial agent called catechins. It can be easily obtained from green tea, which has high catechin content. The amount of catechins used as antibacterial substances in green tea can also be increased by fermentation. In addition, lactic acid-fermented green tea can inhibit the growth of P. acnes. This study aimed to produce green tea kombucha face toner with anti-acne activity and good physical stability. This study included an experimental research. The research population was in the form of antibacterial compounds in face toner. The sample was green tea kombucha, which showed antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50% with an 18 mm Diameter of Inhibition Zone (DIZ). And the best formula is F1 with 0.84 mm DIZ, has a pH of 4 which is safe for the skin, clear solution, has clean power, it is also stable during storage at 30o and 40oC, but it has a rather disagreeable scent of toner. Keywords: Acne, Antibacterial, Green Tea Leaves Kombucha, Face Tone

P102 Severe atopic eczema is associated with reduced acne vulgaris in Bangladeshi children and young adults: a retrospective analysis from a cross-sectional study

Abstract Atopic eczema (AE) is the most common inflammatory dermatosis, affecting up to 20% of children. Loss of function (LoF) mutations in FLG are the most strongly implicated genetic risk factor for eczema. To understand the effect of FLG on the pathobiology of AE, we knocked down FLG in primary keratinocytes using short hairpin RNA and performed phosphoproteomic analysis, which showed downregulation of the AKT signalling pathway, confirmed using Western blotting to phospho-AKT and immunostaining of biopsies from patients with AE. Given that AKT signalling is increased in acne vulgaris, we hypothesized that loss of FLG may protect patients with AE from acne. The Tower Hamlets Eczema Assessment (THEA) study is a cross-sectional study that aims to phenotype and genotype 1000 Bangladeshi children and young adults with AE. So far, 620 participants have undergone genotyping, 37% of whom have LoF mutations in FLG. We selected patients from this cohort who were older than 12 years of age. In total, 204 patients (99 FLG wild type, 86 heterozygotes, 19 compound heterozygotes) were included. We identified a diagnosis of acne or previous prescription of topical acne therapies or tetracycline antibiotics from the patients’ general practice e-health records. We stratified the patients by genotype, Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score, Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) score, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and palmar hyperlinearity groups. The χ2-test was used to determine differences between groups. A lower proportion of patients with AE with FLG mutations had acne (27% wild type vs. 19% FLG mutations), which was more pronounced, but not statistically significant, in the compound heterozygote group (16%). We saw a nonsignificant reduction in acne in patients who had the top 25% of TEWL measurements, those with the most severe form of hyperlinearity and those with higher POEM scores. Patients with severe AE, measured as an EASI score > 21, had a more reduced incidence of acne than those with lower EASI scores (9% vs. 26%; P = 0.04). Overall, this suggests that patients with more severe AE are protected from developing acne. There was insufficient evidence to establish if this was mediated by a reduction in filaggrin (FLG) and AKT signalling. This may be because the groups were too small to determine this. Given that all patients with severe AE have reduced FLG expression regardless of genotype, it is possible that this is mediated through FLG–AKT signalling.

Acne Among Japanese Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Receiving Upadacitinib in the Phase3 RisingUp Study.

Upadacitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, is used to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Acne is the most common treatment-emergent adverse event in patients with AD treated with upadacitinib. In this post hoc analysis, we describe the acne events in Japanese patients with AD who received upadacitinib during the RisingUp study. In this phase3, double-blind, 3-year trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of upadacitinib 15mg or 30mg in Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe AD, patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive upadacitinib 15mg, 30mg, or placebo for up to 16weeks. At week16, placebo-treated patients were re-randomized 1:1 to receive upadacitinib 15mg or 30mg. The incidence, characteristics, and management of treatment-emergent acne events up to the 52-week cutoff date were summarized. Among 272 patients in this analysis, the incidence of acne was higher in patients receiving upadacitinib compared with patients who received placebo. The rate of acne was higher in patients receiving upadacitinib 30mg (32.4%) compared with those taking upadacitinib 15mg (17.3%) during the long-term treatment period. All cases of acne were mild or moderate; no cases led to study drug discontinuation. The mean (range) of acne onset was 135.4 (7-465) days after starting study drug. Most acne occurred on the face; inflammatory papules were the most common morphology. Risk factors for acne included relevant concomitant medications (e.g., corticosteroids) started before acne onset and family and personal history of acne. Acne was generally managed with topical treatments. Mild or moderate acne reported in Japanese patients with AD receiving upadacitinib occurred in a dose-dependent manner and had a variable onset time. Acne was readily managed with topical treatments. Patients and clinicians should be aware of the risk of acne associated with upadacitinib treatment for AD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03661138.

Ginger Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves the Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is a common disorder of known autoimmune etiology and mostly treated with oral steroids to stimulate new hair growth with high chances of side effects. The present study was designed to assess the clinical significance of ginger in improving oxidative stress and reducing the dose of prednisolone in patients with alopecia. Forty patients (19 female and 21 male), with different lesions of stable localized on the scalp were enrolled in this pilot prospective open-label clinical study. Exclusion criteria include the use of any medication that may influence the course of the disease. The patients were allocated into two groups and treated with 500 mg of ginger powder once daily for 60 days with either 10 mg or 100 mg/day prednisolone tablets. Blood samples were obtained at zero time, day-30 and day-60 and utilized for the evaluation of the erythrocytes contents of reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde. The change in body weight, incidence of acne and the hair loss were also monitored. The glutathione and malondialdehyde were compared with those of 20 healthy subjects served as control group. The results revealed that two-month treatment with ginger improved the rate of hair growth probably by attenuating free radicals-induced damage on immune system and addressed the possibility of reducing prednisolone dose from 100 mg to 10 mg administered each other day. In conclusion, the use of ginger may have a role in protecting radical-induced damage and decreasing side effects of high prednisolone dose in patients with alopecia areata.

유산소 운동시 마스크 착용으로 인한 여드름 발생률과 피부수분도 변화

In general, the incidence of acne is most determined by the amount of sebum by the facial skin type. This study analyzed the relationship between the incidence of acne due to wearing a mask during aerobic exercise and the moisture level of the skin inside the mask and the effect of carbon dioxide on the skin during breathing or the reason why acne occurs. We would like to clarify the incidence of acne by wearing a mask during aerobic exercise. This review paper is a literature review and this method is a narrative review using PRISMA flow diagram. It appears that wearing masks for a long time is causing more and more skin diseases. It appears that various skin diseases are increasingly occurring due to wearing masks. It has been shown that long-term use of a mask during aerobic exercise not only can negatively affect the skin, but also has a rate of acne. Of all skin types, people with oily skin have experienced facial recurrence of acne or newly started acne. It is recommended to ventilate the inside of the mask during moderate intensity of exercise, even during light aerobic exercise.

Adult female acne: relevance and possible solutions

In recent years, there has been an increase in the proportion of AFA in the structure of acne incidence. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is multicomponent and has not been fully elucidated. It is assumed that hormonal factors and chronic activation of innate immunity are involved in the process against the background of genetic predisposition, which are stimulated by external environmental factors: daily stress, Western-style diet, tobacco use, hormonal drugs, cosmetics. The article presents a modern classification of the clinical course of AFA and scales for assessing the severity of the course of the disease: GEA (Global Acne Severity Scale) and AFAST (Adult Female Acne Scoring Tool). AFA is predominantly characterized by a mild or moderate course. Treatment requires a personalized approach with particular attention to the individual needs and characteristics of adult women. When choosing a topical therapy, the doctor should consider the less pronounced oiliness of the skin, the slow progression of the disease with the outcome in hyperpigmentation and scarring. Modern acne treatment regimens include systemic and topical therapy along with proper basic skin care. The most effective topical agents include retinoids, which can induce a specific biological response by binding and activating retinoic acid receptors. Comedonal and mild papulopustular acne are indications for adapalene monotherapy for acne in adult women. Adaklin (0.1% adapalene) cream is a highly effective first choice for the pathogenetic treatment of AFA. Rational mono- and combination therapy with adapalene is the key to successful external therapy of mild and moderate AFA and prevention of post-acne. The review provided up-to-date, evidence-based information on the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, and treatment of adult female acne (AFA).

Skin Toxicity as a Predictor of Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Anti-EGFR: Fact or Fallacy?

The primary treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) consists of targeted therapy and chemotherapy to improve survival. A molecular target drug with an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist is recommended when the RAS and BRAF genes are normal. About 50-70% of patients using anti-EGFR antagonists will experience skin reactions. Some studies have shown that severe skin reactions caused by anti-EGFR antagonists may be linked to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), but the results are still uncertain. These data of mCRC patients who underwent anti-EGFR therapy between October 2017 and October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 111 patients were included in this study. The survival results showed that gender, age, body mass index, primary tumor site, and recurrence did not significantly affect OS and PFS. However, the first-line anti-EGFR inhibitor treatment was significantly associated with OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of acne between males and females in grades 1 and 2, while males have a greater risk in grades 3 and 4 than females (20.3 vs. 4.8%; p-value = 0.041). Skin toxicity was not a predictor of anti-EGFR treatment response in this investigation.

Acne incidence in preadolescents and association with increased body mass index: A population-based retrospective cohort study of 643 cases with age- and sex-matched community controls.

Little is known about acne incidence in preadolescents and its potential association with body mass index (BMI). Our study aims to determine acne incidence in preadolescents and its association with BMI. A population-based retrospective cohort study identified 7- to ≤12 year-olds with an initial acne diagnosis during 2010-2018, and incidence was calculated. Two age- and sex-matched controls without acne were randomly selected per case, and BMI was recorded. A total of 643 acne patients were identified. Annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate was 58.0 per 10,000 person-years, higher in females vs. males (89.2 vs. 28.2 per 10,000 person-years, p< .001), and increased with age (4.3, 24.4, and 144.3 per 10,000 person-years among 7-8, 9-10, and 11-12 year-olds, respectively, p< .001). Systemic medication use was associated with increasing BMI (odds ratio=1.43 per 5kg/m2 increase in BMI, 95% CI 1.07-1.92, p= .015). Median BMI percentile was higher among acne cases vs. controls (75.0 vs. 65.0, p< .001), as was the proportion with BMI ≥95th percentile (16.7% vs. 12.2%, p= .01). Acne incidence is higher in preadolescent girls than boys and increases with age. Preadolescents with acne are more likely to be obese than those without acne. Those with higher BMIs are more likely to be given systemic treatment.

Impact of Hand Hygiene and Mask-Wearing Practices on Hand Eczema and Facial Acne Incidence in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak.

Impact of Hand Hygiene and Mask-Wearing Practices on Hand Eczema and Facial Acne Incidence in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak.

The Relationship of Fast Food Towards The Event of Acne Vulgaris in Students

Acne vulgaris is a skin disease caused by inflammation of the polysebaceous follicles (skin oil glands). Acne, if left untreated, can lead to depression and a crisis of confidence for the sufferer. Acne vulgaris can occur at any age due to several factors, one of which is food. This study aimed to analyze the level of acne vulgaris, determine the consumption pattern of fast food, and the relationship between fast food and the incidence of acne (acne vulgaris) in students. This type of research is analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 52 people using a consecutive sampling method. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with a chi-square test. The results showed that the highest acne vulgaris was in the moderate category, namely 23 people (44.2%). Fast food consumption patterns were in a bad category, namely 22 people (42.3%), so there was a relationship with a significance value of 0.018 &lt; 0 0.05 between fast food consumption behavior and the incidence of acne (acne vulgaris) in students. It was concluded that the highest incidence of acne (acne vulgaris) was in the moderate category, and the highest consumption pattern of fast food was in the bad category. There was a positive and significant relationship between fast food consumption behavior and the incidence of acne (acne vulgaris) in college students.

Investigation of the Role of Zn/Cu Index and its Correlation with Physiological Activity of SOD 1 and GRx in Males with Acne Vulgaris.

It has been approved that the normal physiology of skin can be adversely affected by acne vulgaris (AV). This disorder leads to impairment of stratum corneum hydration and causes trans epidermal water loss. The normal physiology of the males' skin is different from the normal physiology of females' skin. Therefore, in case of any skin disorder, choosing the best strategy and treatment should be investigated seriously in each gender. Therefore the current study was designed to investigate the effect of two important trace elements (i.e., zinc [Zn] and copper [Cu]) on skin health and the correlation of Zn/Cu index with the physiological activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutaredoxins (Grx) in males with AV. In total, 100 samples were obtained from 60 males (in the age range of 17-20 years) with a definite diagnosis of AV (AVM group) and 40 males (in the age range of 18-20 years) with normal skin as the control group (CON group). The blood samples were obtained from each participant. The blood samples were centrifuged for the measurements of Zn, Cu, Zn/Cu index, SOD1, and GRx, and serum samples were preserved at -20°C until use. Moreover, Zn, Cu, and Zn/Cu index were determined using spectrophotometric kits. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as the preferred method, was performed for SOD1 and GPx measurements. On the other hand, in this study, body mass index (BMI) and age were considered to have a possible association with the incidence of acne in males. The recorded data showed that there were no significant differences between the AVM group and controls in terms of BMI. The recorded data showed that Zn (AVM:151±10.7; CON:189±9.7) and Cu (AVM:55±5.2; CON: 77±4.8) concentration was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the AVM group, compared to controls. On the other hand, the Zn/Cu index was significantly lower in the AVM group (1.05±0.19), compared to the control group (1.78±0.08). The results of the SOD1 and GRx assay showed that the AVM group suffered from a significant reduction in the SOD1 and GRx concentration, compared to the group of control. Overall, it can be concluded that the improvement of the antioxidant enzyme activity and supplementation of trace elements may significantly reduce the incidence of AV in males.