Incidence Of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism Research Articles

Lifestyle Improvements and Vitamin D Supplementation Play an Important Role in the Prevention of Childhood Diabetes.

Objective This study was to investigate the characteristics of insulin secretion and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in children with obesity. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted among children who underwent health checkups in the pediatric healthcare department of our hospital from January 2018 to January 2021, and they were divided into a normal group and an obese group according to their BMI. The insulin secretion and the 25(OH)D3 levels of the two groups of children were compared. A total of 721 children were included in the study, including 591 in the normal group and 130 in the obese group, with an obesity rate of 18.03%. Results The blood glucose of the normal group was 4.55 ± 1.75 mmol/L, and the 2 h PG was 7.51 ± 2.11 mmol/L; in the obesity group, they were 6.03 ± 2.16 mmol/L and 8.92 ± 3.24 mmol/L, respectively. The FPG and 2 h PG in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (all P < 0.05). The incidence of IFG/IGT in the normal group was 5.24% (31/591), and the incidence of DM was 3.71% (22/591); the incidence of IFG/IGT in the obese group was 14.62% (19/130), and the incidence of DM was 13.08% (17/130). The incidences of IFG/IGT and DM in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). The FINS of the children in the normal group was 18.46 ± 3.15 μU/mL, and the HOMA-IR was 2.64 ± 0.62; the above indicators in the obese group were 19.11 ± 4.72 μU/mL and 3.01 ± 0.83, respectively. The FINS and HOMA-IR in the obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). The serum 25(OH)D3 level in the normal group was 28.15 ± 5.27 ng/mL, of which 556 cases were normal in 25(OH)D3 and 35 cases were deficient in 25(OH)D3. The serum 25(OH)D3 level in the obese group was 24.35 ± 4.51 ng/mL, of which 112 cases were normal in 25(OH)D3 and 18 cases were deficient in 25(OH)D3. The level of serum 25(OH)D3 in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the normal group, and the ratio of 25(OH)D3 deficiency was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The blood glucose level of childhood obesity was significantly increased, the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism and diabetes was significantly increased, and the level of 25(OH) vitamin D3 was significantly decreased. Lifestyle improvements and vitamin D supplementation play an important role in the prevention of childhood diabetes. Because the major causes of childhood obesity are excessive caloric intake and lack of exercise, the most effective and direct measures to prevent obesity are a reasonable lifestyle, reasonable eating habits, and moderate exercise. Although genetics are critical, there is no reliable way to eliminate obesity genes in the human body. Therefore, the role of obesity genes is required to be ultimately eliminated by reduced caloric intake and increased physical activity.

Correlates of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

[Objective] Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common female health condition caused by a hormonal imbalance due to the ovaries producing excess male hormones, is also considered a chronic endocrine-metabolic syndrome. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, multiple factors including insufficiency of kidney and liver as well as phlegm dampness may result in PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the distribution pattern of TCM syndrome types in patients with PCOS, and to determine the glucose metabolism status among these patients. [Methods] A total of 60 patients diagnosed with PCOS in our center were enrolled in this study. These patients were classified into three groups based on their TCM syndrome types, including phlegm dampness syndrome, liver stagnation syndrome, and kidney insufficiency syndrome. A uniformly formulated basic information sheet was collected, and all of them underwent glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The correlations of body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and glucose metabolism in patients with different syndromes were compared. [Results] The patients with phlegm dampness syndrome type (n=32) were the most among these 60 patients with PCOS, accounting for 53.33%, followed by liver stagnation syndrome (n=18; 30%) and kidney insufficiency syndrome (n=10; 16.67%). The BMI and WHR of patients with phlegm dampness syndrome were higher than those with liver stagnation syndrome and kidney insufficiency syndrome (P&lt;0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism (IFG/IGT/diabetes) among the three groups (P&gt;0.05). [Conclusions] The main TCM syndrome type in patients with PCOS is phlegm dampness syndrome, which was linked to obesity and abdominal obesity.

1583-P: Decreased Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol Level Is Associated with Development of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism or Metabolic Syndrome in Male Japanese: Tokushima Cohort Study

Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a useful clinical indicator for short-term glycemic control status, which exhibits a rapid decrease if blood glucose levels are poorly controlled in diabetic patients. Interestingly, some cross-sectional studies have suggested that serum 1,5-AG level decreases even before the onset of type 2 diabetes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine whether there is an association between a decrease in serum 1,5-AG level and the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism (AbGM) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Japanese in a prospective cohort study. We here report a prospective occupational-based cohort study, which was conducted during 2010-2017 in Japan. Briefly, 1) 837 male workers without AbGM and 2) 843 male workers without MetS aged over 20 years were followed up prospectively. AbGM was defined as either: 1) fasting plasma glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl, 2) HbA1c ≥ 6.0% or 3) medication for hyperglycemia. In multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, BMI, smoking habit, alcohol intake, regular exercise and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the HR of developing MetS was 1.81 [95%CI: 1.12 to 2.92, P=0.01] in the lowest quartile of baseline serum 1,5-AG, compared with the highest quartile. In addition, the incidence and multivariate-adjusted HR of AbGM or MetS also increased with decreasing quartile of serum 1,5-AG (P for trend for both &amp;lt;0.05). Our findings suggest that a decrease in serum 1,5-AG level is a predictive marker for the future onset of AbGM or MetS in male Japanese. Disclosure A. Hata: None. N. Aki: None. T. Ichihara: None. A. Tamura: None. T. Minagawa: None. Y. Kuwamura: None. M. Funaki: None. Funding Tokushima Prefecture

Analysis of the influence of iron overload in glucose metabolism in thalassemia major patients

Objective: This study aimed at determining the characteristics of the glucose homeostasis and its relationship with iron overload of the patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM). Method: From Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between January 2014 and December 2015, a total of 57 transfusion-dependent β-TM patients with 5-18 years old were enrolled in this study and fasting blood glucose(FBG) and insulin level, serum ferritin (SF), serum iron, transferrin, total iron binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity were determined.Insulin resistance index (IRI), insulin sensitivity index and β-cell function index (BFI) were also estimated. Besides, in 36 patients cardiac T2* and liver T2* were estimated. Result: (1) Four patients(7%) with β-TM were diagnosed diabetes mellitus, and 14(24%) had impaired fasting glucose. (2) The incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was significantly different according to levels of SF and degrees of the cardiac iron overload(χ(2)=9.737, P<0.05; χ(2)=17.027, P<0.05). It rose while the level of SF increased and the degree of cardiac iron overload aggravated. (3) The incidence of abnormal glucose level was not significantly different in cases with different degree of liver iron overload.The severe group of liver iron overload had significantly higher levels of INS, HOMA-βFI, HOMA-ISI, HOMA-βFI than the non-severe group (Z=-2.434, -2.515, F=8.658, all P<0.05), while no differences were found in the level of FBG, HOMA-βFI between two groups. (4) The result of logistic regression analysis indicated that the cardiac T2* was a significant predictor for the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in TM patients (P=0.035, OR=1.182%, 95%CI=1.048 to 1.332). Conclusion: The high prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in β-TM patients was mainly closely related with the internal iron overload, especially in organs.The cardiac T2* was an independent risk factor for the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in TM patients.

Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was considerably higher than the general population. The persistent systemic inflammatory state in rheumatoid arthritis might be associated with the glucose metabolism dysfunction. In this context, insulin resistance, islet β cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, and other aspects which were linked with abnormal glucose metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed. This review will be helpful in understanding the abnormal glucose metabolism mechanism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and might be conducive to finding an effective treatment.

High incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in acute coronary syndrome patients at a moderate altitude: A sub-Himalayan study.

Background:Abnormal glucose metabolic status at admission is an important marker of future cardiovascular events and long-term mortality after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), whether or not they are known diabetics.Objective:The aims were to study the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in ACS patients and to compare the different methods of diagnosing diabetes in ACS patients.Methods:We did a prospective study. About 250 consecutive nondiabetic patients (200 men and 50 women) with ACS admitted to a tertiary care institute of Himachal Pradesh in 1 year were enrolled. Admission plasma glucose, next morning fasting plasma glucose (FPG), A1C, and a standardized 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 72 h after admission were done. Glucose metabolism was categorized as normal glucose metabolism, impaired glucose metabolism (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]), and diabetes. Diabetes was arbitrarily classified further as undiagnosed (HBA1c ≥6.5%) or possibly stress diabetes (HBA1c <6.5%). A repeat OGTT after 3 months in objects with IGT and stress hyperglycemia at a time of admission was done.Results:The mean age was 54 ± 12.46 years. The mean plasma glucose at admission was 124 ± 53.96 mg/dL, and the mean FPG was 102 ± 27.07 mg/dL. The mean 2-h postglucose load concentration was 159.5 ± 56.58 mg/dL. At baseline, 95 (38%) had normal glucose metabolism, 95 (38%) had impaired glucose metabolism (IGT and or IGT) and 60 (24%) had diabetes; 48 (19.2%) were undiagnosed diabetes and 12 (4.8%) had stress hyperglycemia. At follow up 58.66% and 55.55% of patients with impaired glucose tolerance and stress hyperglycemia continued to have impaired glucose tolerance respectively. About 75 gm OGTT has highest sensitivity and specificity to diagnose diabetes, whereas A1C most specific to rule out stress hyperglycemia.Conclusions:In this small hilly state of India, abnormal glucose metabolism (previously undiagnosed diabetes and IGT) is common in patients admitted with ACS. Abnormal glucometabolic status can be detected early in the postadmission period. Our results further suggest that 75-g OGTT remained the gold standard test to detect diabetes and could be used before discharge to diagnose diabetes.

Abstract #328: High Incidence of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients at Moderate Altitude: A Sub- Himalayan Study.

Abstract #328: High Incidence of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients at Moderate Altitude: A Sub- Himalayan Study.

The 5-year incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women older than 15 years in Ankara, Turkey: a population-based study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant cause of morbidity and premature mortality especially in adults. In Turkey, there are few studies on DM incidence. This study aimed to determine the incidence of type 2 DM in women 15 years or older in Turkey. This prospective cohort study was performed from December 2002 to May 2003. Preliminary population-based screening was performed in 1997 and 1998 on women 15 years or older living in 4 villages in the Gölbaşi, Ankara province. Five hundred sixty-three women who were considered nondiabetic in the first study comprised the population for the present study. Data collection was accomplished by using a questionnaire and randomly measuring the blood glucose levels of the women. The chi and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze the risk factors for DM. The 5-year incidences of type 2 DM, impaired glucose tolerance, and impaired fasting glucose were 2.3%, 0.4%, and 0.7%, respectively. The 5-year incidence of type 2 DM increased with age (P < 0.05). The DM incidence was 6.2% in those with mixed-type hypertension and 4.0% in those with a body mass index of 30 kg/m or higher. At 5-year follow-up, age (>or=35 years), hypertension, and body mass index (>or=30 kg/m) were the risk factors for incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism (P < 0.05). The incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism in this study is in accord with that in the literature. Our results will contribute to our understanding of the incidence of DM in women in Turkey.

Area-Level Socioeconomic Status and Incidence of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine the role of area-level socioeconomic status (SES) on the development of abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) using national, population-based data.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study is a national, population-based, longitudinal study of adults aged ≥25 years. A sample of 4,572 people provided complete baseline (1999 to 2000) and 5-year follow-up (2004 to 2005) data relevant for these analyses. Incident AGM was assessed using fasting plasma glucose and 2-h plasma glucose from oral glucose tolerance tests, and demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral data were collected by interview and questionnaire. Area SES was defined using the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the relationship between area SES and incident AGM, with adjustment for covariates and correction for cluster design effects.RESULTSArea SES predicted the development of AGM, after adjustment for age, sex, and individual SES. People living in areas with the most disadvantage were significantly more likely to develop AGM, compared with those living in the least deprived areas (odds ratio 1.53; 95% CI 1.07–2.18). Health behaviors (in particular, physical activity) and central adiposity appeared to partially mediate this relationship.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that characteristics of the physical, social, and economic aspects of local areas influence diabetes risk. Future research should focus on identifying the aspects of local environment that are associated with diabetes risk and how they might be modified.

The 5-Year Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women Older Than 15 Years in Ankara, Turkey

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant cause of morbidity and premature mortality especially in adults. In Turkey, there are few studies on DM incidence. This study aimed to...

Clinical analysis of hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy

Objective To investigate the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant women with hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2008, clinical records of 77 women with hypothyroidism (n=57) or subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 20) during pregnancy who delivered at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed. The basic information, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared with 79 healthy women who delivered during the same period. Results The prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism during the study period was 0.74% ,and that of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.26%. The mean neonatal birth weight of women with hypothyroidism was lower than that of the control [(3191.8±659.47 g) vs (3301.9±423. 1 g), P<0.05], the incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was higher (24.6% vs 11.4% ,P<0.05), and small for gestational age infants were more common than in the control group (12. 3% vs 2. 5%, P<0. 05). The maternal and fetal outcomes of women with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed no difference compared with the control. Conclusions Early screening for the high risk women and appropriate management are important to improve the neonatal and fetal outcomes of women with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Key words: Pregnancy complications; Hypothyroidism; Pregnancy outcome

Glucometabolic state of in-hospital patients with primary hypertension in sub-population of partial regions in China

Abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) is common but underestimated in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Here, we reported 898 in-hospital patients with primary hypertension (PH) at the university hospitals in developed regions of China. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in those without known type-2 diabetes mellitus (2-DM). A total of 158 patients had known 2-DM and 32 were newly diagnosed as 2-DM by fasting blood glucose (FBG). OGTT revealed that 83 had 2-DM and 296 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The proportion of 2-DM and AGM increased from 21.2 to 30.4% and from 57.5 to 68.7% upon OGTT. Prevalence of AGM and 2-DM increased with the increase of age, and incidence of AGM and 2-DM was significant higher in patients with risk factors (including CHD, overweight, hyperlipidaemia, proteinuria) than those without risk factors mentioned above. Glucose was not sufficiently controlled in 55.1% of the patients with 2-DM upon treatment, well controlled in 35.4% and not controlled in 9.5%. So AGM is also prevalent in PH patients especially the elders and those with risk factors, which was underestimated in most cases. Moreover, much lower awareness, treatment and control of 2-DM occurred in some regions of China, thus strengthening health education for patients and heightening consciousness of doctor are very important and eminent. Except for FBG, more attention should be paid to postprandial blood glucose ignored before, and OGTT should be a routine procedure in PH patients, especially in older patients and those with the factors mentioned above.